笔记：让bacula跑起来

 1.启动

首先必须启动MySQL和bacule。

shell> mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
shell> cd /root/bacula/bin
shell> ./bacula start
shell> ./bconsole 

 

bacula脚本会开启dir、fd和sd，然后启动console连接到dir，console用来与dir通信、查询状态和运行作业。这时会打印如下信息，*表示命令提示符。

bconsole 写道

Connecting to Director fubuntu:9101
1000 OK: fubuntu-dir Version: 5.0.3 (04 August 2010)
Enter a period to cancel a command.
*

 

输入help命令可以得到帮助信息。

2.运行一个备份作业

bacula的配置文件主要包括四个：bacula-dir.conf，bacula- fd.conf，bacula-sd.conf和bconsole.conf，其中bacula-dir.conf定义了各种资源，包括Storage、 Client、FileSet、Job、Schedule等等，可以使用show命令来查看各种资源的信息，也可以用status命令查看 director、storage和client的状态。FileSet是定义的文件集，Schedule是定义的备份策略，而Job是定义的作业，以下 是从默认配置文件bacula-dir.conf中摘下来的例子。

bacula-dir.conf 写道

JobDefs {
Name = "DefaultJob"
Type = Backup
Level = Incremental
Client = localhost.localdomain-fd
FileSet = "Full Set"
Schedule = "WeeklyCycle"
Storage = File
Messages = Standard
Pool = File
Priority = 10
Write Bootstrap = "/root/bacula/bin/working/%c.bsr"
}

#
# Define the main nightly save backup job
# By default, this job will back up to disk in /tmp
Job {
Name = "BackupClient1"
JobDefs = "DefaultJob"
}

# List of files to be backed up
FileSet {
Name = "Full Set"
Include {
Options {
signature = MD5
}
#
# Put your list of files here, preceded by 'File =', one per line
# or include an external list with:
#
# File = <file-name
#
# Note: / backs up everything on the root partition.
# if you have other partitions such as /usr or /home
# you will probably want to add them too.
#
# By default this is defined to point to the Bacula binary
# directory to give a reasonable FileSet to backup to
# disk storage during initial testing.
#
File = /root/bacula/bin
}

#
# If you backup the root directory, the following two excluded
# files can be useful
#
Exclude {
File = /root/bacula/bin/working
File = /tmp
File = /proc
File = /tmp
File = /.journal
File = /.fsck
}
}

#
# When to do the backups, full backup on first sunday of the month,
# differential (i.e. incremental since full) every other sunday,
# and incremental backups other days
Schedule {
Name = "WeeklyCycle"
Run = Full 1st sun at 23:05
Run = Differential 2nd-5th sun at 23:05
Run = Incremental mon-sat at 23:05
}

 

可以看到bacula-dir.conf首先定义了一个默认作业JobDefs，然后再使用JobDefs定义了一个Job，这里JobDefs类似一个模板，可以在定义Job时对各个资源进行修改。默认作业备份的文件集是"Full Set"，备份策略是"WeeklyCycle"。这些都在下面都给出了定义，"Full Set"文件集包括了/ root / bacula / bin目录下的文件，而"WeeklyCycle"策略的内容是第一个周日进行全量备份，第二到第五个周日进行差量备份，每个周一到周六进行增量备份。

使用run命令来运行BackupClient1这个作业。这时会有信息，提示请使用label命令创建一个新卷。这时可以先使用status命令可以查看作业的状态，显示正在等待一个卷。

bconsole 写道

*status dir
(...)
Running Jobs:
Console connected at 24-Aug-11 14:59
JobId Level Name Status
======================================================================
3 Full BackupClient1.2011-08-24_15.53.55_08 is waiting for an appendable Volume
====

 

使用label命令创建一个新卷，注意选择Pool时一定要和定义作业时一致，也就是选择File。创建成功后，在/tmp目录下会出现卷文件，作业会继续运行，当运行结束会打印新的信息。

bconsole 写道

24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-sd JobId 3: Wrote label to prelabeled Volume "TestVolume002" on device "FileStorage" (/tmp)
24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-sd JobId 3: Job write elapsed time = 00:00:01, Transfer rate = 11.94 M Bytes/second
24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-dir JobId 3: Bacula localhost.localdomain-dir 5.0.3 (04Aug10): 24-Aug-2011 16:15:25
Build OS: i686-pc-linux-gnu redhat Enterprise release
JobId: 3
Job: BackupClient1.2011-08-24_15.53.55_08
Backup Level: Full (upgraded from Incremental)
Client: "localhost.localdomain-fd" 5.0.3 (04Aug10) i686-pc-linux-gnu,redhat,Enterprise release
FileSet: "Full Set" 2011-08-24 11:30:35
Pool: "File" (From Job resource)
Catalog: "MyCatalog" (From Client resource)
Storage: "File" (From Job resource)
Scheduled time: 24-Aug-2011 15:53:50
Start time: 24-Aug-2011 15:53:57
End time: 24-Aug-2011 16:15:25
Elapsed time: 21 mins 28 secs
Priority: 10
FD Files Written: 45
SD Files Written: 45
FD Bytes Written: 11,935,432 (11.93 MB)
SD Bytes Written: 11,940,492 (11.94 MB)
Rate: 9.3 KB/s
Software Compression: None
VSS: no
Encryption: no
Accurate: no
Volume name(s): TestVolume002
Volume Session Id: 3
Volume Session Time: 1314198156
Last Volume Bytes: 11,951,479 (11.95 MB)
Non-fatal FD errors: 0
SD Errors: 0
FD termination status: OK
SD termination status: OK
Termination: Backup OK

24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-dir JobId 3: Begin pruning Jobs older than 6 months .
24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-dir JobId 3: No Jobs found to prune.
24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-dir JobId 3: Begin pruning Jobs.
24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-dir JobId 3: No Files found to prune.
24-Aug 16:15 localhost.localdomain-dir JobId 3: End auto prune.

 

从最后的几行信息和配置文件中Pool资源的定义可以看出，作业是有保留期限的，File Pool的保留期限是365天。

如果每一个Bacula要使用的卷都需要我们手动label，的确有点麻烦，不过只有在使用磁带卷时才需要这样，而像我们刚才使用的磁盘卷，Bacula是可以自动进行label的。

想要删除测试数据的话，就将/tmp目录下的卷直接删除，再使用drop_mysql_tables和make_mysql_tables脚本。

3.恢复

想要恢复刚才备份的文件集，可以使用restore all命令，然后选择"5: Select the most recent backup for a client"。由于目前只配置了一个客户端，并只有一次备份作业，所以bacula会自动选择。比较有意思的是，bacula选择好备份作业后，会在内 存中建一个目录树并将作业里的所有文件插入到树中，然后进入文件选择模式，可以使用cd、ls命令查看哪些文件会被恢复。

bconsole 写道

You are now entering file selection mode where you add (mark) and
remove (unmark) files to be restored. No files are initially added, unless
you used the "all" keyword on the command line.
Enter "done" to leave this mode.

cwd is: /
$ ls
root/
$ cd root
cwd is: /root/
$ ls
bacula/
$ cd bacula
cwd is: /root/bacula/
$ ls
*bin/
$ cd bin
cwd is: /root/bacula/bin/

 

确定了要恢复的文件后，使用done退出文件选择模式，输入yes恢复就开始了，文件会被恢复到/tmp/bacula-restores目录。