Oracle 10g SQL Fundamentals II(学习笔记二第3-4章)

		第三章 大数据集合
		    从一个表中拷贝数据
				insert into sales(id,name,salary,commission_pct)
				select employee_id,last_name,salary
				from employees
				where job_id like '%REP%';
			
			
			将子查询作为insert的目标
				INSERT INTO
					(SELECT employee_id, last_name,
							email, hire_date, job_id, salary, 
							department_id
					 FROM   empl3
					 WHERE  department_id = 50) 
				VALUES (99999, 'Taylor', 'DTAYLOR',
						TO_DATE('07-JUN-99', 'DD-MON-RR'),
						'ST_CLERK', 5000, 50);
            
			获取数据使用子查询作为数据源
	            SELECT  a.last_name, a.salary, 
                    a.department_id, b.salavg
				FROM    employees a, (SELECT   department_id, 
									  AVG(salary) salavg
									  FROM     employees
									  GROUP BY department_id) b
				WHERE   a.department_id = b.department_id
				AND     a.salary > b.salavg;

		    update emp
			   set job_id=(select job_id from employees
			               where employee_id=205
						   )
			   ,salary=( select salary from employees
			               where employee_id=205
			   )
			  where  employee_id=114;
			  
			  
			  INSERT ALL插入多个表的数据
               语法				
				INSERT  ALL  
						INTO table_a VALUES(…,…,…)  
						INTO table_b VALUES(…,…,…)  
						INTO table_c VALUES(…,…,…)  
				   SELECT … 
				   FROM  sourcetab   
				   WHERE …;
				   
	           例如一：
					  INSERT  ALL
							INTO sal_history VALUES(EMPID,HIREDATE,SAL)   
							INTO mgr_history VALUES(EMPID,MGR,SAL)
					  SELECT employee_id EMPID, hire_date HIREDATE,           
							salary SAL, manager_id MGR 
					  FROM  employees   
					  WHERE employee_id > 200;

	            例如二：
					  INSERT ALL
							WHEN SAL > 10000 THEN   
								INTO sal_history VALUES(EMPID,HIREDATE,SAL) 
							WHEN MGR > 200   THEN    
								INTO mgr_history VALUES(EMPID,MGR,SAL)  
					  SELECT employee_id EMPID,hire_date HIREDATE,  
						salary SAL, manager_id MGR 
					  FROM   employees   
					  WHERE  employee_id > 200;
	             实例三：
					 INSERT FIRST
						WHEN SAL  > 25000          THEN    
							INTO special_sal VALUES(DEPTID, SAL)  
						WHEN HIREDATE like ('%00%') THEN    
							INTO hiredate_history_00 VALUES(DEPTID,HIREDATE)  
						WHEN HIREDATE like ('%99%') THEN    
							INTO hiredate_history_99 VALUES(DEPTID, HIREDATE)  
						ELSE  
							INTO hiredate_history VALUES(DEPTID, HIREDATE)
					SELECT department_id DEPTID, SUM(salary) SAL,         
						MAX(hire_date) HIREDATE  FROM   employees
					GROUP BY department_id;
					
					
				实例四：
					INSERT ALL
						INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_MON)
						INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_TUE)
						INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_WED)
						INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_THUR)
						INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_FRI)
                     SELECT employe_id,week_id,sales_mon,sales_tue,sales_wed,sales_thur,sale_pri
                     FROM sales_source_data;

				MERGE语句的使用：
				      语法：
					     MERGE INTO table_name table_alias
						  USING (table|view|sub_query) alias
						  ON (join condition)
						  WHEN MATCHED THEN
							UPDATE SET 
							col1 = col_val1,
							col2 = col2_val
						  WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
							INSERT (column_list)
							VALUES (column_values);

                     例如：插入或者更新empl3表信息
					 MERGE INTO empl3  c
					  USING employees e
					  ON (c.employee_id = e.employee_id)
					WHEN MATCHED THEN
					  UPDATE SET
						 c.first_name     = e.first_name,
						 c.last_name      = e.last_name,
						 ...
						 c.department_id  = e.department_id
					WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
					 INSERT VALUES(e.employee_id, e.first_name, e.last_name,
							  e.email, e.phone_number, e.hire_date, e.job_id,
							  e.salary, e.commission_pct, e.manager_id, 
							  e.department_id);

             第四章分组相关的函数
			 语法：
			 SELECT	[column,] group_function(column)... 
				FROM		table
				[WHERE	condition]
				[GROUP BY	group_by_expression]
				[HAVING 	having_expression] 	
				[ORDER BY	column];

			 SELECT   department_id, job_id, SUM(salary), 
				 COUNT(employee_id)
				FROM     employees
				GROUP BY department_id, job_id ;



				SELECT   department_id, job_id, SUM(salary)
				FROM     employees  
				WHERE    department_id < 60
				GROUP BY ROLLUP(department_id, job_id);


				SELECT   department_id, job_id, SUM(salary)
				FROM     employees  
				WHERE    department_id < 60
				GROUP BY CUBE (department_id, job_id) ;


				SELECT   department_id DEPTID, job_id JOB, 
					 SUM(salary),
					 GROUPING(department_id) GRP_DEPT,
					 GROUPING(job_id) GRP_JOB
					FROM     employees
					WHERE    department_id < 50
					GROUP BY ROLLUP(department_id, job_id);
					
					
					SELECT   department_id, job_id, 
					 manager_id,avg(salary)
					FROM     employees
					GROUP BY GROUPING SETS((department_id,job_id), (job_id,manager_id));



				SELECT   department_id, job_id, manager_id, 
						 SUM(salary)
				FROM     employees 
				GROUP BY ROLLUP( department_id,(job_id, manager_id));



				SELECT   department_id, job_id, manager_id, 
						 SUM(salary)
				FROM     employees  
				GROUP BY department_id,
						 ROLLUP(job_id),
						 CUBE(manager_id);