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[转]w3c-libwww入门教程

【libwww介绍】

官方网站：http://www.w3.org/Library/
更多信息：http://www.w3.org/Library/User/
运行平台：Unix/Linux，Windows
以下资料来源：http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libwww

简介：
Libwww 是一个高度模组化用户端的网页存取API ，用C语言写成，可在 Unix 和 Windows 上运行。 It can be used for both large and small applications including: browsers/editors, robots and batch tools. There are pluggable modules provided with Libwww which include complete HTTP/1.1 with caching, pipelining, POST, Digest Authentication, deflate, etc. The purpose of libwww is to serve as a testbed for protocol experiments. 蒂姆·伯纳斯－李在 1992 年十一月创造出了 Libwww，用於展示网际网路的潜能。使用 Libwww 的应用程式，如被广泛使用的命令列文字浏览器 Lynx 及 Mosaic web browser 即是用 Libwww 所写成的。 Libwww 目前为一开放原始码程式，并於日前移至 W3C 管理。基於其为开放原始码的特性，任何人都能为 Libwww 付出一点心力，这也确保了 Libwww 能一直进步，成为更有用的软体。

以下文章来源：
http://bbs.nju.edu.cn/bbsanc?path=/groups/GROUP_3/CPlusPlus/D74D7D299/M.1090339010.A

w3c-libwww入门教程
丁建华 <jhding> 2004.7.20 如果你 google 一下 libwww, 会发现三个不同的软件包: w3c-libwww, perl-libwww, glibwww. 它们都是用来处理与 www 有关的各种协议的, 比如 http, ftp, news, gopher 等等. 其中 perl-libwww 是用于 perl 语言环境的, glibwww 是 gnome 对 w3c-libwww 的一个简单的包装. w3c-libwww 是最古老的, 而且也可以说是最权威的, (假如存在所谓的权威的话 :)) 因为 w3c-libwww 的开发目标就是为 w3.org 发布的各种协议提供一个测试平台, 以评估各种 协议的可行性, 合理性, 兼容性, 可扩充性, 效率与安全等各方面的情况的. 因此其代码绝对值得一读. 但是初学者常常觉得这个函数库太庞杂, 抓任何一点 都会带出一大片, 找不到重点, 理不清头绪. 笔者希望本文能够对他们有所帮助. =================================================================== ??? w3c-libwww 是什么? >>> Please visit <a href="http://www.w3.org/Library/" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/Library/</a> =================================================================== ??? 如何搭建一个 w3c-libwww 的调试平台? >>> 最好在 Linux 系统上, 把软件包解压, 然后 <cmd> ./configure --enable-shared=no --prefix=/home/me --with-ssl --with-zlib --with-regex </cmd> <cmd> make </cmd> <cmd> make install </cmd> 这样会建立 /home/me/bin, /home/me/lib, /home/me/include 等目录. 你需要把 /home/me/bin 加入你的搜索路径, 以便系统能够找到 libwww-config. 这个配置 程序可能需要手工修改, 好在它非常简单, 对任何想学习 w3c-libwww 的人来说, 改这个 sh 程序不成问题. =================================================================== ??? 如何编译一个程序呢? >>> 假如你的程序是 prog.c, 你可以这样编译: <cmd> gcc -g -Wall -c -o prog.o `libwww-config --cflags` prog.c </cmd> <cmd> gcc -g -o prog prog.o `libwww-config --libs` </cmd> 这样编译出来的程序是包含调试信息的 static 连接, 你可以对 w3c-libwww 的 库函数源代码进行调试. =================================================================== ??? 我能在 Win32 上建立这样的环境吗? >>> 如果你有足够的钱购买 M$ 的开发工具, 我建议你关掉电脑出去好好享受生活. 如果你只能安装免费的 Cygwin, 那么恐怕不能对 w3c-libwww 的源代码进行调试了. 不过你还是可以用 dll 来做开发: 先用与 Linux 同样的方法在 Cygwin 上装一遍, 尽管这样装出来的 static 库问题很多, 几乎无法使用, 但是我们还是得到了 必要的头文件. 然后我们到源代码的 Library/src/windows 目录下面, 用 <cmd> dlltool -D wwwapp.dll -d wwwapp.def -l libwwwapp.dll.a </cmd> 生成所有必要 dll 的 import 库, (有几个 export 符号重复, 发现后注释掉.) 复制到目标 lib 下就可以了. 当然还要修改 libwww-config, 把所有的 wwwapp 之类的名字都改成 wwwapp.dll 这样的, 也就是把 static 连接都改成 shared 连接. 就可以了. =================================================================== ??? 那些 wwwapp.dll 在哪里啊? >>> 从 <a href="http://www.w3.org/" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org</a> 下载 w3c-libwww 的 Win32 发行包并安装. 然后把 其中的 dll 复制到你的某个搜索路径下面. 我就放在 gtk/2.0/bin 下面. =================================================================== ??? gtk+ 有一个 pkg-config 可以拿来用吗? >>> 可以. 把下面这个文件放到 /lib/pkgconfig 下面就行了. <file> prefix=/usr/local exec_prefix=${prefix} libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib includedir=${prefix}/include target=win32 Name: w3c-libwww Description: w3c libwww (${target} target) Version: 5.4.0 Requires: Libs: -L${libdir} -lwwwxml.dll -lxmltok.dll -lxmlparse.dll -lwwwzip.dll -lwww init.dll -lwwwapp.dll -lwwwhtml.dll -lwwwtelnt.dll -lwwwnews.dll -lwwwhttp.dl l -lwwwmime.dll -lwwwgophe.dll -lwwwftp.dll -lwwwfile.dll -lwwwdir.dll -lwwwc ache.dll -lwwwstream.dll -lwwwmux -lwwwtrans.dll -lwwwcore.dll -lwwwutils.dll -lmd5 -L /usr/lib -lz -lssl -lcrypto Cflags: -I${includedir} -I${includedir}/w3c-libwww </file> 你可以用 <cmd> pkg-config --list-all </cmd> 试试, 看能否列出 w3c-libwww. 当然, 如果你的 prefix 不同, 你可以修改. =================================================================== ??? 为什么 gcc 顽固地提示某些符号无法解决呢? >>> 修改 libwww-config 或者 w3c-libwww.pc , 把其中的库列表用 -Wl,--start-group 和 -Wl,--end-group 括起来. =================================================================== ??? Cygwin 下的 gtk+ 开发需要使用 -mms-bitfields -mno-cygwin 选项, w3c-libwww 需要吗? >>> 为保持良好的可移植性, w3c-libwww 没有使用位域, 因此与 -mms-bitfields 选项无关, 也不强制要求使用 -mno-cygwin 选项, 但是考虑到与 gtk+ 的集成问题, 笔者推荐使用 -mno-cygwin . =================================================================== ??? Linux 下 <cmd> libwww-config --cflags </cmd> 还包含一个 -DHAVE_CONFIG_H, 这是必要的吗? 在 Cygwin 下情况如何? >>> 在 Linux 下是必要的. 在 Cygwin 下则是*不能*要的. 而且你必须从源代码的 Library/src/windows 目录下面复制一份儿 config.h 到安装目录的 include/w3c-libwww/windows 下. 可能还需要注释掉下面这个配置项目: <code> /* Define if you have the <direct.h> header file. */ /*#define HAVE_DIRECT_H 1*/ </direct.h></code> 然后, 你*必须*使用 -D_CONSOLE 或者 -D_WINDOWS 中的一个. 原因请阅读 include/w3c-libwww/wwwsys.h . 你可能还需要注释掉这个文件中这行代码: <code> /* #define MKDIR(a,b) mkdir(a) */ </code> 你可能还需要从系统 include 目录下面复制一份儿 regex.h 到你的安装 include/w3c-libwww 目录下. =================================================================== ??? 如何知道我的程序使用了正确的 dll 呢? >>> <cmd> cygcheck prog.exe </cmd> =================================================================== ??? 听说 w3c-libwww 使用 C 语言实现了许多 OO 风格的编程, 是吗? >>> <a href="http://www.w3.org/Library/User/Style/" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/Library/User/Style/</a> =================================================================== ??? w3c-libwww 的文档不提供打包下载, 我必须在线阅读吗? >>> <cmd> wget -x -r -nc -nH -p -np --cut-dirs=2 <a href="http://www.w3.org/Library/User" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/Library/User</a> /cmd> =================================================================== ??? 给个程序试一试, 看看开发调试环境是否已经配置好. >>> <file> /* On Linux: gcc -g -Wall -o libinit libinit.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs w3c-libwww` On Cygwin: gcc -c -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -D_CONSOLE -o libinit.o / `pkg-config --cflags w3c-libwww` libinit.c gcc -g -mno-cygwin -o libinit.exe libinit.o `pkg-config --libs w3c-libwww` */ #include <wwwlib.h> /* w3c-libwww 没有提供 Win32 下的缺省 Print 函数, 因此我们必须自己做 */ int printer(const char *fmt, va_list args) { return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { /* Win32 下要使用 HTPrint() 就必须自己设置 callback */ HTPrint_setCallback(printer); HTPrint("Hello w3c-libwww/n"); HTLibInit("TestApp", "0.0.1"); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwlib.h></file> 另外, Win32 下 HTTRACE() 无效. =================================================================== ??? 开发调试环境配置好了. 一个典型的 w3c-libwww 应用是个什么样子? >>> 实现某个协议, 按照这个协议发送请求, 或者响应请求. <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> int printer(const char *fmt, va_list args) { return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args); } /* 实现某个协议的客户端代码, 通常要实现一个状态机 */ int my_client(SOCKET sock, HTRequest *req) { HTNet *net = HTRequest_net(req); HTPrint("This's my_client/n"); HTNet_delete(net, HT_OK); return HT_OK; } /* 实现某个协议的服务器端代码, 通常要实现一个状态机 */ int my_server(SOCKET sock, HTRequest *req) { HTNet *net = HTRequest_net(req); HTPrint("This's my_server/n"); HTNet_delete(net, HT_OK); return HT_OK; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTRequest *req; HTLibInit("ProtTest", "0.0.1"); HTPrint_setCallback(printer); HTTransport_add("mytp", HT_TP_SINGLE, HTReader_new, HTWriter_new); /* 注册我们的协议 */ HTProtocol_add("myprot", "mytp", 2008, NO, my_client, my_server); req = HTRequest_new(); /* 发出一个按照我们协议的请求 */ HTLoadAbsolute("myprot://localhost", req); HTPrint("/n"); /* 响应一个按照我们协议的请求 */ HTServeAbsolute("myprot://localhost", req); HTRequest_delete(req); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> =================================================================== ??? 文档上说, 过滤器很重要. 过滤器是如何设置和被调用的? >>> <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> int printer(const char *fmt, va_list args) { return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args); } int my_client(SOCKET sock, HTRequest *req) { HTNet *net = HTRequest_net(req); HTPrint("This's my_client/n"); HTNet_delete(net, HT_OK); /* 造成后置过滤器被调用 */ return HT_OK; } int my_server(SOCKET sock, HTRequest *req) { HTNet *net = HTRequest_net(req); HTPrint("This's my_server/n"); HTNet_delete(net, HT_OK); /* 造成后置过滤器被调用 */ return HT_OK; } int my_before(HTRequest *req, void *param, int mode) { HTPrint("This's my_before(%s)/n", (char *)param); return HT_OK; } int my_after(HTRequest *req, HTResponse *resp, void *param, int status) { HTPrint("This's my_after(%s, %d)/n", (char *)param, status); return HT_OK; } int my_req_before(HTRequest *req, void *param, int mode) { HTPrint("This's my_req_before(%s)/n", (char *)param); return HT_OK; } int my_req_after(HTRequest *req, HTResponse *resp, void *param, int status) { HTPrint("This's my_req_after(%s, %d)/n", (char *)param, status); return HT_OK; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTRequest *req; HTLibInit("ProtTest", "0.0.1"); HTPrint_setCallback(printer); HTTransport_add("mytp", HT_TP_SINGLE, HTReader_new, HTWriter_new); HTProtocol_add("myprot", "mytp", 2008, NO, my_client, my_server); /* 注册全局前置过滤器和后置过滤器 */ HTNet_addBefore(my_before, NULL, "before-param", HT_FILTER_LAST); HTNet_addAfter(my_after, NULL, "after-param", HT_ALL, HT_FILTER_LAST); req = HTRequest_new(); /* 注册请求前置过滤器和后置过滤器 */ HTRequest_addBefore(req, my_req_before, NULL, "req_before_param", HT_FILTER_LAST, NO); HTRequest_addAfter(req, my_req_after, NULL, "req_after_param", HT_ALL, HT_FILTER_LAST, NO); HTLoadAbsolute("myprot://localhost", req); HTPrint("/n"); HTServeAbsolute("myprot://localhost", req); HTRequest_delete(req); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> =================================================================== ??? 任何具有 OO 风格的, 都必须处理事件. 请给个事件的例子好吗? >>> <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> int printer(const char *fmt, va_list args) { return vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args); } int my_timer(HTTimer *tmr, void *param, HTEventType type) { static int count = 0; HTPrint("I'm my_timer(%s) %d/n", (char *)param, count++); if (count >= 3) HTEventList_stopLoop(); return HT_OK; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTTimer *timer; HTPrint_setCallback(printer); HTLibInit("TestApp", "0.0.1"); HTEventInit(); timer = HTTimer_new(NULL, my_timer, "my-timer", 2000, YES, YES); HTEventList_newLoop(); HTPrint("app stopped/n"); HTEventTerminate(); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> =================================================================== ??? 输入输出无疑是非常重要的. 请给个输出流的例子好吗? >>> <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> #include <wwwstream.h> struct _HTStream { HTStreamClass *isa; }; static int printer(const char *fmt, va_list pArgs) { return vfprintf(stderr, fmt, pArgs); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTStream *out; HTPrint_setCallback(printer); HTLibInit("Test", "0.0.1"); out = HTFWriter_new(NULL, stdout, YES); HTPrint("I'm %s/n", out->isa->name); (out->isa->put_string)(out, "Hello, stream/n"); (out->isa->flush)(out); (out->isa->_free)(out); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwstream.h></wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> =================================================================== ??? 请给个输入流的例子. >>> <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> #include <wwwstream.h> struct _HTInputStream { HTInputStreamClass *isa; }; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTStream *out; HTInputStream *in; HTChannel *chnl; HTNet *innet; HTHost *host; FILE *fp; if (NULL == (fp = fopen(__FILE__, "rb"))) return (fprintf(stderr, "Can't open source file/n"), 1); HTLibInit("Test", "0.0.1"); host = HTHost_new("localhost", 0); innet = HTNet_new(host); out = HTFWriter_new(NULL, stdout, YES); HTNet_setReadStream(innet, out); HTHost_addNet(host, innet); chnl = HTChannel_new(INVSOC, fp, YES); in = HTANSIReader_new(host, chnl, NULL, 0); (in->isa->read)(in); (in->isa->close)(in); HTChannel_delete(chnl, HT_OK); HTLibTerminate(); fclose(fp); return 0; } </wwwstream.h></wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> =================================================================== ??? 我怎么没看到 write 啊? 读入的东西是怎么跑到输出上去的呢? >>> w3c-libwww 认为, 没有无缘无故的读, 也没有无缘无故的写. 因此你必须 在读之前设置好输出, 然后在 (in->isa->read)(in) 的时候, 会找到你所设置 的输出, 并写到这个输出里面. 调用方只管事前设置就行了, 无需事中干预. 参见 Library/src/HTANSI.c!HTANSIReader_read . =================================================================== ??? 这些事前设置好像很乱啊. >>> 那是为了循序渐进, 每次引入几个概念以便读者逐步认识. 如果不是自己 开发新协议, 而只是应用 w3c-ilbwww 的话, 可以简单一些. <file> /* CAUTION: For Cygwin Win32 ONLY !!! */ #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> int terminate_handler(HTRequest * request, HTResponse * response, void * param, int status) { return (HTEventList_stopLoop(), HT_OK); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char * url = NULL; HTRequest * request = HTRequest_new(); HTLibInit("Simple load file", "0.0.1"); HTTransport_add("local", HT_TP_SINGLE, HTANSIReader_new, HTANSIWriter_new); HTProtocol_add("file", "local", 0, YES, HTLoadFile, NULL); HTEventInit(); HTNet_addAfter(terminate_handler, NULL, NULL, HT_ALL, HT_FILTER_LAST); url = HTGetCurrentDirectoryURL(); HTSACat(&url, __FILE__); if (HTLoadToFile/*!HTLoadFile*/(url, request, "CON") == YES) HTEventList_loop(request); HT_FREE(url); HTRequest_delete(request); HTEventTerminate(); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> =================================================================== ??? 这回连 read 也看不到了. >>> 参见 Library/src/HTFile.c!HTLoadFile 和 HTHost.c!HTHost_read . =================================================================== ??? 从 HTLoadToFile 到 HTLoadFile 又发生了什么呢? >>> 按照下列顺序去读 Library/src 下的源代码: HTAccess.c!HTLoadToFile(url, request, filename) HTAccess.c!HTLoadAbsolute(url, request) HTReqMan.c!HTLoad(request, recursive) HTNet.c!HTNet_newClient(request) HTProt.c!HTProtocol_find(request, access) HTProt.c!HTProtocol_client(protocol) 就是 HTLoadFile 了. 最后的调用语句是这样的: (*(cbf))(INVSOC, request) . =================================================================== ??? HTNet_newServer(request) 和 HTNet_newClient(request) 主要干什么? >>> 首先 HTNet_executeBeforeAll(request), 然后 create_object() 创建一个 空的 HTNet, 设置好 preemptive, protocol, transport, request, 同时也 HTRequest_setNet(request, me), 建立 request 和 net 的双向互指关系. 然后就 (*(cbf))(INVSOC, request), 调用服务(或客户)回调函数. =================================================================== ??? 为什么要做的这么麻烦啊? >>> 比如小学生做应用题, 通常会列出一排算式, 都是具体数字, 每一步得一个 结果, 实实在在. 但这只是算术, 很初级的东西. 最明显的局限是"可移植性" 和"可重用性"太低. 高级一点的就是代数. 用常数和未知数取代具体数字, 在不知道其具体内容的情况下进行运算. 写程序也是这样. 初学者总是习惯于调用 具体的函数, 比如为 file:// 写一个 HTNet_newFileClient, 为 http:// 写一个 HTNet_newHttpClient, 或者把协议类型作为参数传进来, 然后用 switch 分别 调用 HTLoadFile, HTLoadHttp. 如果有一天要增加一个 newprot:// , 那么这些 代码就都要作相应改动. 这就相当于"算术"的水平. 高级一点的就使用函数指针. 不管这个函数的具体内容, HTNet_newClient 只管在适当的环境下以适当的方式 进行调用就行了. 就像对未知数进行"代数"运算一样. 这样的程序抽象层次更高, 适用性更广. 增改协议的时候, 不需要改动 HTNet_newClient. 类似的技术今天 已经应用得相当普遍. 比如 C++ 的抽象类, Java 和 Gtk+ 的 Interface 等等. =================================================================== ??? 我如何建立一个服务呢? >>> 有一个 Library/Examples/listen.c 改写如下: <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> int global_after(HTRequest *req, HTResponse *resp, void *param, int status) { return (HTEventList_stopLoop(), HT_OK); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTRequest *req = HTRequest_new(); HTStream *out; HTLibInit("Simple Listener", "0.0.1"); HTEventInit(); HTNet_addAfter(global_after, NULL, NULL, HT_ALL, HT_FILTER_LAST); HTTransport_add("tcp", HT_TP_SINGLE, HTReader_new, HTWriter_new); /* 注意端口号是 2004 (任意), 服务回调函数是 HTLoadSocket */ HTProtocol_add("noop", "tcp", 2004, NO, NULL, HTLoadSocket); HTRequest_setOutputFormat(req, WWW_RAW); out = HTFWriter_new(req, stdout, YES); HTRequest_setOutputStream(req, out); HTServeAbsolute("noop://localhost", req); HTEventList_newLoop(); HTRequest_delete(req); HTEventTerminate(); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> 执行 listen.exe , 然后从浏览器上访问 <a href="http://localhost:2004/" target="_blank">http://localhost:2004</a> , 就可以从 控制台看到浏览器发给服务器的请求的全部内容. 用 telnet://localhost:2004 连接, 则可以看到从 telnet 终端输入的内容都显示在控制台上. =================================================================== ??? 看起来关键是服务回调函数 HTLoadSocket , 它是干什么的? >>> 参见 Library/src/HTSocket.c . 先做一个 HTHost_listen, 然后进入 SocketEvent, 若是 RAW_BEGIN, 则 HTHost_accept, 进入 RAW_NEED_STREAM. 如是 RAW_NEED_STREAM, 则把 request 的 outputStream 设置为 net 的 readStream , 并设置已连接, 进入 RAW_READ. 若是 RAW_READ, 则进行 HTHost_read. =================================================================== ??? 我能做一个 echo 吗? >>> <file> #include <wwwlib.h> #include <wwwinit.h> int global_after(HTRequest *req, HTResponse *resp, void *param, int status) { HTEventList_stopLoop(); return HT_OK; } typedef enum _EchoState { ECHO_ERROR = -2, ECHO_OK = -1, ECHO_BEGIN = 0, ECHO_NEED_STREAM, ECHO_READ } EchoState; typedef struct _echo_info { EchoState state; HTNet *net; HTRequest *request; } echo_info; static int EchoCleanup(HTRequest *request, int status) { HTNet *net = HTRequest_net(request); echo_info *echo = (echo_info *)HTNet_context(net); if (status == HT_INTERRUPTED) { (void)0; } else if (status == HT_TIMEOUT) { (void)0; } HTNet_delete(net, HT_ERROR); HT_FREE(echo); return YES; } static int EchoEvent(SOCKET soc, void *pVoid, HTEventType type); int HTServEcho(SOCKET soc, HTRequest *request) { echo_info *echo; HTNet *net = HTRequest_net(request); char *url; if (NULL == (echo = (echo_info *)HT_CALLOC(1, sizeof(echo_info)))) HT_OUTOFMEM("HTServEcho"); echo->state = ECHO_BEGIN; echo->net = net; echo->request = request; HTNet_setContext(net, echo); HTNet_setEventCallback(net, EchoEvent); HTNet_setEventParam(net, echo); url = HTAnchor_physical(HTRequest_anchor(request)); if (HTHost_listen(NULL, net, url) == HT_ERROR) /* HTNet_execute(net, HTEvent_CLOSE) */ return EchoEvent(soc, echo, HTEvent_CLOSE); /* HTNet_start(net) */ return EchoEvent(soc, echo, HTEvent_BEGIN); } static int EchoEvent(SOCKET soc, void *pVoid, HTEventType type) { echo_info *echo = (echo_info *)pVoid; int status = HT_ERROR; HTNet *net = echo->net; HTRequest *request = echo->request; HTHost *host = HTNet_host(net); if (type == HTEvent_BEGIN) { echo->state = ECHO_BEGIN; } else if (type == HTEvent_CLOSE) { EchoCleanup(request, HT_INTERRUPTED); return HT_OK; } else if (type == HTEvent_TIMEOUT) { HTRequest_addError(request, ERR_FATAL, NO, HTERR_TIME_OUT, NULL, 0, "HTServEcho"); EchoCleanup(request, HT_TIMEOUT); return HT_OK; } else if (type == HTEvent_END) { EchoCleanup(request, HT_OK); return HT_OK; } while (1) { switch (echo->state) { case ECHO_BEGIN: status = HTHost_accept(host, net, NULL); host = HTNet_host(net); if (status == HT_OK) { echo->state = ECHO_NEED_STREAM; } else if (status == HT_WOULD_BLOCK || status == HT_PENDING) { return HT_OK; } else { echo->state = ECHO_ERROR; } break; case ECHO_NEED_STREAM: HTNet_setReadStream(net, (HTStream *)HTNet_getOutput(net, NULL, 0)); HTRequest_setOutputConnected(request, YES); echo->state = ECHO_READ; break; case ECHO_READ: status = HTHost_read(host, net); if (status == HT_WOULD_BLOCK) return HT_OK; else if (status == HT_CLOSED) echo->state = ECHO_OK; else echo->state = ECHO_ERROR; break; case ECHO_OK: EchoCleanup(request, HT_OK); return HT_OK; break; case ECHO_ERROR: EchoCleanup(request, HT_ERROR); return HT_OK; break; default: HTDEBUGBREAK("Bad echo state %d/n" _ echo->state); } } return HT_OK; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { HTRequest *req; HTLibInit("Simply Echo", "0.0.1"); HTEventInit(); HTNet_addAfter(global_after, NULL, NULL, HT_ALL, HT_FILTER_LAST); HTTransport_add("tcp", HT_TP_SINGLE, HTReader_new, HTWriter_new); HTProtocol_add("noop", "tcp", 2004, NO, NULL, HTServEcho); req = HTRequest_new(); HTRequest_setOutputFormat(req, WWW_RAW); HTServeAbsolute("noop://localhost", req); HTEventList_newLoop(); HTRequest_delete(req); HTEventTerminate(); HTLibTerminate(); return 0; } </wwwinit.h></wwwlib.h></file> 这个程序在 Win32/Cygwin 上编译后, 运行. 用 telnet 连接本机端口 2004, 就可以看到 echo 的效果了. 但是在 linux 上编译后, 只能 echo 一下, 包括其本身的源码 Library/Example/listen.c 也是这样. 原因不详. =================================================================== ??? 事件究竟是在什么地方被执行的? >>> <code wmsg wparam lparam> if (uMsg == WM_TIMER) { HTTimer_dispatch((HTTimer *)wParam); return (0); } /* dispatch() means (*event->cbf)(s, event->param, type); */ if (HTEventList_dispatch((int)sock, type, now) != HT_OK) HTEndLoop = -1; </code> 另一方面: <code> /* Don't leave this loop until we leave the application */ while (!HTEndLoop) { if (active_sockets == 0) continue; /* There were active sockets. Determine which fd sets they were in */ for (s = 0 ; s if (FD_ISSET(s, &texceptset)) if ((status = EventOrder_add(s, HTEvent_OOB, now)) != HT_OK) goto stop_loop; if (FD_ISSET(s, &twriteset)) if ((status = EventOrder_add(s, HTEvent_WRITE, now)) != HT_OK) goto stop_loop; if (FD_ISSET(s, &treadset)) if ((status = EventOrder_add(s, HTEvent_READ, now)) != HT_OK) goto stop_loop; } /* execute() means (*event->cbf)(s, event->param, type); */ if ((status = EventOrder_executeAndDelete()) != HT_OK) break; }; </code> =================================================================== ??? secho 只能接受一个连接, 我如何做一个真正的服务器呢? >>> 从 4.0 版到 5.0 版, w3c-libwww 曾经有个短命的 MiniServer 子项目. 到 5.1 版就被放弃了. 由于现在的 5.4 版与 5.0 版在 API 上已经发生了巨大的 变化, 因此这个 MiniServer 的源代码已经没有什么参考价值了. w3c-libwww 可能是出于 "只做一件事情, 力图做到最好" 的考虑, 放弃了对服务器框架的支持. =================================================================== ??? 用 w3c-libwww 来开发客户端, 有哪些典型的应用呢? >>> 你自己去看文档吧, 有很多好的例子. 我能说的就到此为止了. 本文附录有一些随手摘录的笔记, 既不正式, 也不完全, 聊作参考吧. =================================================================== 附: 本文档例子程序在 Win32/Cygwin 平台上的 Makefile, <file> all: libinit.exe req.exe filter.exe timer.exe out_strm.exe in_strm.exe / sload.exe listen.exe secho.exe .SUFFIXES: .SUFFIXES: .exe .o .c .o.exe: gcc -g -mno-cygwin -o $@ $ .c.o: gcc -c -g -Wall -mno-cygwin -D_CONSOLE -o $@ / `pkg-config --cflags w3c-libwww` $ clean: @rm -f *.exe *.o .PHONY: all </file> =================================================================== ??? WWWLib.h 包括哪些内容？ >>> <code> #include "wwwsys.h" #include "WWWUtil.h" #include "WWWCore.h" </code> =================================================================== ??? WWWUtil.h 包括哪些内容？ >>> <code> #include "wwwsys.h" #include "HTUtils.h" #include "HTArray.h" #include "HTAssoc.h" #include "HTAtom.h" #include "HTChunk.h" #include "HTList.h" #include "HTMemory.h" #include "HTString.h" #include "HTUU.h" </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 是如何处理 HTPrint 的？ >>> 用户可以设置自己的方式。对 Win32 平台，则是“必须”设置自己的方式。 <code> typedef int HTPrintCallback(const char * fmt, va_list pArgs); extern void HTPrint_setCallback(HTPrintCallback * pCall); extern HTPrintCallback * HTPrint_getCallback(void); extern int HTPrint(const char * fmt, ...); </code> <code> PRIVATE HTPrintCallback * PHTPrintCallback = NULL; PUBLIC void HTPrint_setCallback (HTPrintCallback * pCall) { PHTPrintCallback = pCall; } PUBLIC HTPrintCallback * HTPrint_getCallback (void) { return PHTPrintCallback; } PUBLIC int HTPrint (const char * fmt, ...) { va_list pArgs; va_start(pArgs, fmt); if (PHTPrintCallback) return (*PHTPrintCallback)(fmt, pArgs); #ifdef WWW_WIN_WINDOW return (0); /* 对于 Win32 平台，必须由用户设置回调函数。*/ #else return (vfprintf(stdout, fmt, pArgs)); #endif } </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 是如何处理 HTTRACE 的？ >>> 注意 HTTRACE 与 HTPrint 有本质的不同。HTTRACE 是一个宏，可以被定义为 像 HTPrint 一样的函数 HTTrace，也可以被定义为根本什么也没有。而且 HTTRACE 在 Win32 平台上实际没有实现，虽然理论上并没有障碍。 在其他平台上，函数 HTTrace 的实现与 HTPrint 类似，只是增加了一个 WWW_TraceFlag。以选择不同的 trace 范畴。 <code> #ifdef HTDEBUG #ifdef WWW_WIN_DLL extern int * WWW_TraceFlag; /* In DLLs, we need the indirection*/ #define WWWTRACE (*WWW_TraceFlag) /* 但实际上，这个变量既没有被实例化*/ /* 也没有被 export，因此根本没用。*/ #else extern unsigned int WWW_TraceFlag; /* Global flag for all W3 trace*/ #define WWWTRACE (WWW_TraceFlag) /* 在 HTTrace.c 中被实例化。*/ #endif /* WWW_WIN_DLL */ #else #define WWWTRACE 0 /* 非调试版屏蔽一切 trace。*/ #endif /* HTDEBUG */ typedef enum _HTTraceFlags { SHOW_UTIL_TRACE = 0x1, SHOW_APP_TRACE = 0x2, .... SHOW_ALL_TRACE = (int) 0xFFFFFFFF } HTTraceFlags; #define UTIL_TRACE (WWWTRACE & SHOW_UTIL_TRACE) #define APP_TRACE (WWWTRACE & SHOW_APP_TRACE) .... #define ALL_TRACE (WWWTRACE & SHOW_ALL_TRACE) typedef int HTTraceCallback(const char * fmt, va_list pArgs); extern void HTTrace_setCallback(HTTraceCallback * pCall); extern HTTraceCallback * HTTrace_getCallback(void); #ifdef HTDEBUG #undef _ #define _ , /* 这里的 TYPE 就是 APP_TRACE 之类，即 (WWWTRACE & SHOW_APP_TRACE) 之类。*/ #define HTTRACE(TYPE, FMT) / do { if (TYPE) HTTrace(FMT); } while (0); extern int HTTrace(const char * fmt, ...); #else #define HTTRACE(TYPE, FMT) /* empty */ #endif /* HTDEBUG */ typedef int HTTraceDataCallback(char * data, size_t len, char * fmt, va_list pArgs); extern void HTTraceData_setCallback(HTTraceDataCallback * pCall); extern HTTraceDataCallback * HTTraceData_getCallback(void); #ifdef HTDEBUG #define HTTRACEDATA(DATA, LEN, FMT) HTTraceData((DATA), (LEN), FMT) extern int HTTraceData(char * data, size_t len, char * fmt, ...); #else #define HTTRACEDATA(DATA, LEN, FMT) /* empty */ #endif /* HTDEBUG */ </code> <code> #if WWWTRACE_MODE == WWWTRACE_FILE PUBLIC FILE *WWWTrace = NULL; #endif #ifndef WWW_WIN_DLL PUBLIC unsigned int WWW_TraceFlag = 0; /* Global trace flag for ALL W3 code */ #endif PRIVATE HTTraceCallback * PHTTraceCallback = NULL; PRIVATE HTTraceDataCallback * PHTTraceDataCallback = NULL; /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ PUBLIC void HTTrace_setCallback (HTTraceCallback * pCall) { PHTTraceCallback = pCall; } PUBLIC HTTraceCallback * HTTrace_getCallback (void) { return PHTTraceCallback; } PUBLIC int HTTrace (const char * fmt, ...) { va_list pArgs; va_start(pArgs, fmt); if (PHTTraceCallback) return (*PHTTraceCallback)(fmt, pArgs); #ifdef WWW_WIN_WINDOW return (0); #else return (vfprintf(stderr, fmt, pArgs)); #endif } PUBLIC void HTTraceData_setCallback (HTTraceDataCallback * pCall) { PHTTraceDataCallback = pCall; } PUBLIC HTTraceDataCallback * HTTraceData_getCallback (void) { return PHTTraceDataCallback; } PUBLIC int HTTraceData (char * data, size_t len, char * fmt, ...) { va_list pArgs; va_start(pArgs, fmt); if (PHTTraceDataCallback) return (*PHTTraceDataCallback)(data, len, fmt, pArgs); return (0); /* 必须由用户定义回调函数 */ } </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 是如何处理 HTArray 的？ >>> HTArray 是个存储 (void *) 的数组，可以自动扩展。 <code impl="HTArray.c"> /* 这个结构也可以放在 HTArray.c 当中，做成 private。 相应的几个宏改成函数。参见 HTChunk。 */ typedef struct { int size; /* In numbers of elements */ int growby; /* Allocation unit in elements */ int allocated; /* Current size of *data */ void ** data; /* Pointer to malloced area or 0 */ } HTArray; extern HTArray * HTArray_new (int grow); extern BOOL HTArray_delete (HTArray * array); extern BOOL HTArray_clear (HTArray * array); extern BOOL HTArray_addObject (HTArray * array, void * object); /* 如果有数据，则返回该数据，并准备访问下一个数据 */ #define HTArray_firstObject(me, dp) / ((me) && ((dp)=(me)->data) ? *(dp)++ : NULL) #define HTArray_nextObject(me, dp) / ((me) && (dp) ? *(dp)++ : NULL) typedef int HTComparer (const void * a, const void * b); extern BOOL HTArray_sort (HTArray * array, HTComparer * comp); #define HTArray_data(me) ((me) ? (me)->data : NULL) #define HTArray_size(me) ((me) ? (me)->size : -1) </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTList？ >>> HTList 是个单向链表，其数据域为 void * object。 <code impl="HTList.c"> typedef struct _HTList HTList; struct _HTList { void * object; HTList * next; }; extern HTList * HTList_new (void); extern BOOL HTList_delete (HTList *me); extern BOOL HTList_addObject (HTList *me, void *newObject); extern BOOL HTList_appendObject (HTList * me, void * newObject); extern HTList * HTList_addList (HTList * me, void * newObject); extern HTList * HTList_appendList (HTList * me, void * newObject); extern BOOL HTList_removeObject (HTList * me, void * oldObject); extern BOOL HTList_quickRemoveElement (HTList * me, HTList * last); extern BOOL HTList_removeObjectAll (HTList * me, void * oldObject); extern void * HTList_removeLastObject (HTList * me); extern void * HTList_removeFirstObject (HTList * me); /* NULL 和 me->next==NULL 都被视为空链表 */ #define HTList_isEmpty(me) (me ? me->next == NULL : YES) extern int HTList_count (HTList *me); extern int HTList_indexOf (HTList * me, void * object); extern int HTList_indexOfElement (HTList * me, HTList * element); extern void * HTList_objectAt (HTList * me, int position); extern HTList * HTList_elementOf (HTList * me, void * object, HTList ** pLast); #define HTList_objectOf(me) (me ? me->object: NULL) #define HTList_lastObject(me) / ((me) && (me)->next ? (me)->next->object : NULL) extern void * HTList_firstObject (HTList * me); #define HTList_nextObject(me) / ((me) && ((me) = (me)->next) ? (me)->object : NULL) extern BOOL HTList_insertionSort(HTList * list, HTComparer * comp); #define HTList_free(x) HT_FREE(x) </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTAssocList ？ >>> HTAssocList 就是 HTList，只是其数据域为 HTAssoc。 <code impl="HTAssoc.c"> typedef HTList HTAssocList; typedef struct { char * name; char * value; } HTAssoc; extern HTAssocList * HTAssocList_new (void); extern BOOL HTAssocList_delete (HTAssocList * alist); extern BOOL HTAssocList_addObject ( HTAssocList * alist, const char * name, const char * value); extern BOOL HTAssocList_replaceObject ( HTAssocList * list, const char * name, const char * value); extern BOOL HTAssocList_removeObject ( HTAssocList * list, const char * name); extern char * HTAssocList_findObject ( HTAssocList * alist, const char * name); extern char * HTAssocList_findObjectExact ( HTAssocList * alist, const char * name); extern char * HTAssocList_findObjectCaseSensitive ( HTAssocList * list, const char * name); extern char * HTAssocList_findObjectCaseSensitiveExact ( HTAssocList * list, const char * name); #define HTAssoc_name(me) ((me) ? (me)->name : NULL) #define HTAssoc_value(me) ((me) ? (me)->value : NULL) #define HTAssocList_nextObject(me) / ((me) && ((me) = (me)->next) ? (me)->object : NULL) </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTString？ >>> <code impl="HTString.c"> #define StrAllocCopy(dest, src) HTSACopy (&(dest), src) #define StrAllocCat(dest, src) HTSACat (&(dest), src) extern char * HTSACopy (char **dest, const char *src); extern char * HTSACat (char **dest, const char *src); extern char * StrAllocMCopy (char ** dest, ...); extern char * StrAllocMCat (char ** dest, ...); extern int strcasecomp (const char *a, const char *b); extern int strncasecomp (const char *a, const char *b, int n); extern int tailcomp(const char * s1, const char * s2); extern int tailcasecomp(const char * s1, const char * s2); extern char * HTStrMatch (const char * tmpl, const char * name); extern char * HTStrCaseMatch (const char * tmpl, const char * name); extern char * HTStrCaseStr (char * s1, char * s2); extern char * HTStrip (char * s); </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTAtom？ >>> HTAtom 是个散列表，所谓的 atom 在这里就是单元的内存地址。 <code impl="HTAtom.c"> typedef struct _HTAtom HTAtom; struct _HTAtom { HTAtom * next; char * name; }; /* struct _HTAtom */ extern HTAtom * HTAtom_for (const char * string); extern HTAtom * HTAtom_caseFor (const char * string); #define HTAtom_name(a) ((a) ? (a)->name : NULL) extern HTList * HTAtom_templateMatches (const char * templ); extern void HTAtom_deleteAll (void); </code> <code> PRIVATE HTAtom * hash_table[HT_XL_HASH_SIZE]; PRIVATE BOOL initialised = NO; /* 在 HTAtom_for 和 HTAtom_casefor 中, 先计算 hash，然后在 hash_table 中 strcmp，strcasecomp，若有就返回该单元的内存地址， 若没有就加入一个新单元，并返回其地址。 */ </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTChunk？ >>> <code impl="HTChunk.c"> typedef struct _HTChunk HTChunk; extern HTChunk * HTChunk_new (int growby); extern void HTChunk_delete (HTChunk * ch); extern void HTChunk_clear (HTChunk * ch); extern void HTChunk_ensure (HTChunk * ch, int extra_size); extern void HTChunk_putc (HTChunk * ch, char c); extern void HTChunk_puts (HTChunk * ch, const char *str); extern void HTChunk_putb (HTChunk * ch, const char *block, int len); extern char * HTChunk_data (HTChunk * ch); extern int HTChunk_size (HTChunk * ch); extern BOOL HTChunk_truncate (HTChunk * ch, int size); extern BOOL HTChunk_setSize (HTChunk * ch, int size); extern void HTChunk_terminate (HTChunk * ch); extern HTChunk * HTChunk_fromCString (char * str, int grow); extern char * HTChunk_toCString (HTChunk * ch); extern HTChunk * HTChunk_fromBuffer (char * buf, int buflen, int size, int gr ow); </code> <code> struct _HTChunk { int size; /* In bytes */ int growby; /* Allocation unit in bytes */ int allocated; /* Current size of *data */ char * data; /* Pointer to malloced area or 0 */ }; /* Free a chunk but keep the data */ PUBLIC char * HTChunk_toCString (HTChunk * ch) { char * ret = 0; if (ch) { ret = ch->data; HT_FREE(ch); } return ret; } </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTMemory？ >>> <code impl="HTMemory.c"> extern void* HTMemory_malloc(size_t size); extern void* HTMemory_calloc(size_t count, size_t size); extern void* HTMemory_realloc(void * ptr, size_t size); extern void HTMemory_free(void* ptr); #define HT_MALLOC(size) HTMemory_malloc((size)) #define HT_CALLOC(count, size) HTMemory_calloc((count), (size)) #define HT_REALLOC(ptr, size) HTMemory_realloc((ptr), (size)) #define HT_FREE(pointer) {HTMemory_free((pointer));((pointer))=NULL;} /* 可以注册多个内存清理函数，出现短缺就进行清理 */ typedef void HTMemoryCallback(size_t size); extern BOOL HTMemoryCall_add (HTMemoryCallback * cbf); extern BOOL HTMemoryCall_delete (HTMemoryCallback * cbf); extern BOOL HTMemoryCall_deleteAll (void); /* 可以设置一个内存不足无法继续时的必要清理函数，清理之后就 abort() */ typedef void HTMemory_exitCallback(char *name, char *file, unsigned long line); extern void HTMemory_setExit(HTMemory_exitCallback * pExit); extern HTMemory_exitCallback * HTMemory_exit(void); #define outofmem(file, name) HT_OUTOFMEM(name) #define HT_OUTOFMEM(name) HTMemory_outofmem((name), __FILE__, __LINE__) extern void HTMemory_outofmem(char * name, char * file, unsigned long line); </code> <code> PRIVATE HTList * HTMemCall = NULL; /* List of memory freers */ PRIVATE HTMemory_exitCallback * PExit = NULL; /* panic and exit function */ PRIVATE size_t LastAllocSize = 0; /* size of last allocation */ PUBLIC void * HTMemory_malloc (size_t size) { void * ptr; ptr = malloc(LastAllocSize = size); if (ptr != NULL) return ptr; /* 出现短缺 */ if (HTMemCall) { HTMemoryCallback * pres; while ((pres = (HTMemoryCallback *) HTList_nextObject(HTMemCall))) { HTTRACE(MEM_TRACE, "Mem Calling. %p (size %d)/n" _ (void*)pres _ size); (*pres)(size); /* 清理 */ if ((ptr = malloc(size)) != NULL) return ptr; /* 重试 */ } } HTTRACE(MEM_TRACE, "Memory.... Couldn't allocate %d bytes/n" _ size); return NULL; } PUBLIC void HTMemory_outofmem (char * name, char * file, unsigned long line) { if (PExit) /* 如果注册了必要清理函数，就进行必要清理 */ (*PExit)(name, file, line); HTTRACE(ALL_TRACE, "%s:%ld failed allocation for /"%s/" (%ld bytes)./nPro gram aborted./n" _ file _ line _ name _ LastAllocSize); abort(); } </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTUU？ >>> <code impl="HTUU.c"> extern int HTUU_encode (unsigned char * bufin, unsigned int nbytes, char * bufcoded); extern int HTUU_decode (char * bufcoded, unsigned char * bufplain, int outbufsize); </code> =================================================================== ??? WWWCore.h 包括哪些内容？ >>> <code> #include "wwwsys.h" #include "HTLib.h" #include "HTReq.h" #include "HTMethod.h" #include "HTAnchor.h" #include "HTLink.h" #include "HTParse.h" #include "HTEscape.h" #include "HTUTree.h" #include "HTWWWStr.h" #include "HTUser.h" #include "HTEvent.h" #include "HTMemLog.h" #include "HTError.h" #include "HTAlert.h" #include "HTFormat.h" #include "HTStream.h" #include "HTStruct.h" #include "HTNoFree.h" #include "HTIOStream.h" #include "HTDNS.h" #include "HTHost.h" #include "HTNet.h" #include "HTInet.h" #include "HTTrans.h" #include "HTProt.h" </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTInet？ >>> 获取网络配置的一些函数，在 HTUserProfile 中有运用。 <code impl="HTInet.c"> extern char * HTErrnoString (int errnum); extern int HTInetStatus (int errnum, char * where); extern unsigned int HTCardinal (int * pstatus, char ** pp, unsigned int max_value); extern const char * HTInetString (struct sockaddr_in * sin); extern int HTParseInet (HTHost * host, char * hostname, HTRequest * request); extern time_t HTGetTimeZoneOffset (void); extern ms_t HTGetTimeInMillis (void); extern char * HTGetHostName (void); extern char * HTGetMailAddress (void); extern char * HTGetNewsServer (void); extern char * HTGetTmpFileName (const char * dir); #ifdef WWWLIB_SIG extern void HTSetSignal (void); #endif </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTUserProfile？ >>> <code impl="HTUser.c"> typedef struct _HTUserProfile HTUserProfile; extern HTUserProfile * HTUserProfile_new (const char * name, void * context); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_localize (HTUserProfile * up); /* 填缺省值 */ extern BOOL HTUserProfile_delete (HTUserProfile * up); </code> <code> struct _HTUserProfile { char * user; /* name, set in HTUserProfile_new(name, context) */ /* 但是这个字段实际上没有任何用处! */ char * fqdn; /* Fully qualified domain name */ extern char * HTUserProfile_fqdn (HTUserProfile * up); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_setFqdn (HTUserProfile * up, const char * fqdn); char * email; /* Email address of current user */ extern char * HTUserProfile_email (HTUserProfile * up); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_setEmail (HTUserProfile * up, const char * email); char * news; /* The news server to use */ extern char * HTUserProfile_news (HTUserProfile * host); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_setNews (HTUserProfile * host, const char * news); char * tmp; /* Location for temporary files */ extern char * HTUserProfile_tmp (HTUserProfile * host); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_setTmp (HTUserProfile * host, const char * tmp); time_t timezone; /* Time zone in seconds */ extern time_t HTUserProfile_timezone (HTUserProfile * up); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_setTimezone (HTUserProfile * up, time_t timezone); void * context; /* Application specific */ extern void * HTUserProfile_context (HTUserProfile * up); extern BOOL HTUserProfile_setContext (HTUserProfile * up, void * context); }; </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTLib？ >>> 注意，实际上 HTLibInit 干的事儿很少，HTLibTerminate 倒是干的很多。 <code impl="HTLib.c"> extern BOOL HTLibInit (const char * AppName, const char * AppVersion); extern BOOL HTLibTerminate (void); </code> <code> PRIVATE char * HTAppName = NULL; /* Application name: please supply */ extern const char * HTLib_appName (void); extern BOOL HTLib_setAppName (const char * name); PRIVATE char * HTAppVersion = NULL; /* Application version: please supply */ extern const char * HTLib_appVersion (void); extern BOOL HTLib_setAppVersion (const char * version); PRIVATE char * HTLibName = "libwww"; extern const char * HTLib_name (void); PRIVATE char * HTLibVersion = W3C_VERSION; extern const char * HTLib_version (void); PRIVATE BOOL HTSecure = NO; /* Can we access local file system? */ extern BOOL HTLib_secure (void); extern void HTLib_setSecure (BOOL mode); PRIVATE BOOL initialized = NO; extern BOOL HTLib_isInitialized (void); PRIVATE HTUserProfile * UserProfile = NULL; /* Default user profile */ extern HTUserProfile * HTLib_userProfile (void); extern BOOL HTLib_setUserProfile (HTUserProfile * up); PUBLIC BOOL HTLibInit (const char * AppName, const char * AppVersion) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "WWWLibInit.. INITIALIZING LIBRARY OF COMMON CODE/n"); /* Set the application name and version */ HTLib_setAppName(AppName); HTLib_setAppVersion(AppVersion); /* Initialize the timezone */ #ifdef HAVE_TZSET tzset(); #endif /* Create a default user profile and initialize it */ UserProfile = HTUserProfile_new(HT_DEFAULT_USER, NULL); HTUserProfile_localize(UserProfile); #ifdef WWWLIB_SIG /* On Solaris (and others?) we get a BROKEN PIPE signal when connecting ** to a port where we should get `connection refused'. We ignore this ** using the following function call */ HTSetSignal(); /* Set signals in library */ #endif initialized = YES; return YES; } PUBLIC BOOL HTLibTerminate (void) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "WWWLibTerm.. Cleaning up LIBRARY OF COMMON CODE/n"); /* 这八个单元是有全局结构的，应该对它们的初始化予以关注 */ HTNet_killAll(); HTHost_deleteAll(); /* Delete remaining hosts */ HTChannel_deleteAll(); /* Delete remaining channels */ HTAtom_deleteAll(); /* Remove the atoms */ HTDNS_deleteAll(); /* Remove the DNS host cache */ HTAnchor_deleteAll(NULL); /* Delete anchors and drop hyperdocs */ HTProtocol_deleteAll(); /* Remove bindings between access and protocols */ HTUTree_deleteAll(); /* Delete all URL Trees */ HT_FREE(HTAppName); /* Freed thanks to Wade Ogden <wade> */ HT_FREE(HTAppVersion); HTUserProfile_delete(UserProfile); /* Free our default User profile */ initialized = NO; return YES; } </wade></code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTRequest？ >>> HTRequest 涉及三个文件，HTReq.h HTReqMan.h HTReqMan.c。 <code impl="HTReqMan.c"> struct _HTRequest { BOOL internal; /* Does the app knows about this one? */ extern BOOL HTRequest_setInternal (HTRequest * request, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTRequest_internal (HTRequest * request); time_t date; /* Time stamp when the request was issued */ extern time_t HTRequest_date (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_setDate (HTRequest * request, time_t date); HTMethod method; extern void HTRequest_setMethod (HTRequest *request, HTMethod method); extern HTMethod HTRequest_method (HTRequest *request); BOOL flush; /* Should we flush immediately */ extern BOOL HTRequest_setFlush (HTRequest * me, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTRequest_flush (HTRequest * me); HTPriority priority; /* Priority for this request */ extern HTPriority HTRequest_priority (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_setPriority (HTRequest * request, HTPriority priority); #ifdef HT_EXT char * messageBody; extern BOOL HTRequest_setMessageBody (HTRequest * request, const char * body); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteMessageBody (HTRequest * request); extern char * HTRequest_messageBody (HTRequest * request); long int messageBodyLength; extern BOOL HTRequest_setMessageBodyLength (HTRequest * request, long int len gth); extern long int HTRequest_messageBodyLength (HTRequest * request); HTFormat messageBodyFormat; extern BOOL HTRequest_setMessageBodyFormat (HTRequest * request, HTFormat for mat); extern HTFormat HTRequest_messageBodyFormat (HTRequest * request); #endif HTUserProfile * userprofile; extern BOOL HTRequest_setUserProfile (HTRequest * request, HTUserProfile * up); extern HTUserProfile * HTRequest_userProfile (HTRequest * request); HTNet * net; /* Information about socket etc. */ extern HTNet * HTRequest_net (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_setNet (HTRequest * request, HTNet * net); HTResponse * response; extern HTResponse * HTRequest_response (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_setResponse (HTRequest * request, HTResponse * response); HTList * error_stack; /* List of errors */ extern HTList * HTRequest_error (HTRequest * request); extern void HTRequest_setError (HTRequest * request, HTList * list); extern void HTRequest_deleteAllErrors (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_addError (HTRequest * request, HTSeverity severity, BOOL ignore, int element, void * par, unsigned int length, char * where); extern BOOL HTRequest_addSystemError (HTRequest * request, HTSeverity severity, int errornumber, BOOL ignore, char * syscall); int retrys; /* Number of automatic reloads */ extern int HTRequest_retrys (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_addRetry (HTRequest * request); /* increase by 1 */ extern BOOL HTRequest_doRetry (HTRequest *request); /* if needed */ int max_forwards; extern BOOL HTRequest_setMaxForwards (HTRequest * request, int maxforwards); extern int HTRequest_maxForwards (HTRequest * request); int AAretrys; /* Number of authentication retries */ extern int HTRequest_AAretrys (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_addAARetry (HTRequest * request); BOOL preemptive; extern void HTRequest_setPreemptive (HTRequest *request, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTRequest_preemptive (HTRequest *request); BOOL ContentNegotiation; extern void HTRequest_setNegotiation (HTRequest *request, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTRequest_negotiation (HTRequest *request); HTPreconditions preconditions; extern void HTRequest_setPreconditions (HTRequest * me, HTPreconditions mode); extern HTPreconditions HTRequest_preconditions (HTRequest * me); HTGnHd GenMask; extern void HTRequest_setGnHd (HTRequest *request, HTGnHd gnhd); extern void HTRequest_addGnHd (HTRequest *request, HTGnHd gnhd); extern HTGnHd HTRequest_gnHd (HTRequest *request); HTRsHd ResponseMask; extern void HTRequest_setRsHd (HTRequest * request, HTRsHd rshd); extern void HTRequest_addRsHd (HTRequest * request, HTRsHd rshd); extern HTRsHd HTRequest_rsHd (HTRequest * request); HTRqHd RequestMask; extern void HTRequest_setRqHd (HTRequest *request, HTRqHd rqhd); extern void HTRequest_addRqHd (HTRequest *request, HTRqHd rqhd); extern HTRqHd HTRequest_rqHd (HTRequest *request); HTEnHd EntityMask; extern void HTRequest_setEnHd (HTRequest *request, HTEnHd enhd); extern void HTRequest_addEnHd (HTRequest *request, HTEnHd enhd); extern HTEnHd HTRequest_enHd (HTRequest *request); HTMIMEParseSet * parseSet; BOOL pars_local; extern void HTRequest_setMIMEParseSet (HTRequest *request, HTMIMEParseSet * parseSet, BOOL local); extern HTMIMEParseSet * HTRequest_MIMEParseSet (HTRequest *request, BOOL * pLocal); HTList * conversions; BOOL conv_local; extern void HTRequest_setConversion (HTRequest *request, HTList *type, BOOL o verride); extern HTList * HTRequest_conversion (HTRequest *request); HTList * encodings; BOOL enc_local; extern void HTRequest_setEncoding (HTRequest *request, HTList *enc, BOOL over ride); extern HTList * HTRequest_encoding (HTRequest *request); HTList * tes; BOOL te_local; extern void HTRequest_setTransfer (HTRequest *request, HTList *te, BOOL overr ide); extern HTList * HTRequest_transfer (HTRequest *request); HTList * languages; BOOL lang_local; extern void HTRequest_setLanguage (HTRequest *request, HTList *lang, BOOL ove rride); extern HTList * HTRequest_language (HTRequest *request); HTList * charsets; BOOL char_local; extern void HTRequest_setCharset (HTRequest *request, HTList *charset, BOOL o verride); extern HTList * HTRequest_charset (HTRequest *request); HTList * befores; BOOL befores_local; extern BOOL HTRequest_addBefore (HTRequest * request, HTNetBefore * filter, const char * tmplate, void * param, HTFilterOrder order, BOOL override); extern HTList * HTRequest_before (HTRequest * request, BOOL * override); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteBefore (HTRequest * request, HTNetBefore * filter); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteBeforeAll (HTRequest * request); HTList * afters; BOOL afters_local; extern BOOL HTRequest_addAfter (HTRequest * request, HTNetAfter * filter, const char * tmplate, void * param, int status, HTFilterOrder order, BOOL override); extern HTList * HTRequest_after (HTRequest * request, BOOL * override); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteAfter (HTRequest * request, HTNetAfter * filter); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteAfterStatus (HTRequest * request, int status); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteAfterAll (HTRequest * request); char * proxy; extern BOOL HTRequest_setProxy (HTRequest * request, const char * proxy); extern char * HTRequest_proxy (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteProxy (HTRequest * request); /* free(me->proxy) */ BOOL full_uri; extern void HTRequest_setFullURI (HTRequest *request, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTRequest_fullURI (HTRequest *request); HTReload reload; extern void HTRequest_setReloadMode (HTRequest *request, HTReload mode); extern HTReload HTRequest_reloadMode (HTRequest *request); HTAssocList * cache_control; extern BOOL HTRequest_addCacheControl (HTRequest * request, char * token, char *value); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteCacheControlAll (HTRequest * request); extern HTAssocList * HTRequest_cacheControl (HTRequest * request); char * default_put_name; extern char * HTRequest_defaultPutName (HTRequest * me); extern BOOL HTRequest_setDefaultPutName (HTRequest * me, char * name); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteDefaultPutName (HTRequest * me); HTAssocList * byte_ranges; extern BOOL HTRequest_addRange (HTRequest * request, char * unit, char * range); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteRangeAll (HTRequest * request); extern HTAssocList * HTRequest_range (HTRequest * request); HTAssocList * connection; extern BOOL HTRequest_addConnection (HTRequest * request, char * token, char * value); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteConnection (HTRequest * request); extern HTAssocList * HTRequest_connection (HTRequest * request); HTAssocList * expect; extern BOOL HTRequest_addExpect (HTRequest * me, char * token, char * value); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteExpect (HTRequest * me); extern HTAssocList * HTRequest_expect (HTRequest * me); char * realm; /* Current realm */ extern BOOL HTRequest_setRealm (HTRequest * request, char * realm); extern const char * HTRequest_realm (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteRealm (HTRequest * me); HTAssocList * credentials; /* Credentials received by server */ extern BOOL HTRequest_addCredentials (HTRequest * request, char * token, char * value); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteCredentialsAll (HTRequest * request); extern HTAssocList * HTRequest_credentials (HTRequest * request); HTAssocList * extra_headers; extern BOOL HTRequest_addExtraHeader (HTRequest * request, char * token, char * value); extern HTAssocList * HTRequest_extraHeader (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_deleteExtraHeaderAll (HTRequest * request); HTList * generators; BOOL gens_local; extern void HTRequest_setGenerator (HTRequest *request, HTList *gens, BOOL override); extern HTList * HTRequest_generator (HTRequest *request, BOOL *override); HTAssocList * mandatory; /* 有实现而无声明 */ PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_addMandatory (HTRequest * me, char * token, char * value) PUBLIC HTAssocList * HTRequest_mandatory (HTRequest * me) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_deleteMandatoryAll (HTRequest * me) HTAssocList * optional; /* 有实现而无声明 */ PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_addOptional (HTRequest * me, char * token, char * value) PUBLIC HTAssocList * HTRequest_optional (HTRequest * me) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_deleteOptionalAll (HTRequest * me) HTParentAnchor * anchor; /* The Client anchor for this request */ HTChildAnchor * childAnchor; /* For element within the object */ extern void HTRequest_setAnchor (HTRequest *request, HTAnchor *anchor); extern HTParentAnchor * HTRequest_anchor (HTRequest *request); extern HTChildAnchor * HTRequest_childAnchor (HTRequest * request); HTParentAnchor * parentAnchor; /* For referer field */ extern void HTRequest_setParent (HTRequest *request, HTParentAnchor *parent); extern HTParentAnchor * HTRequest_parent (HTRequest *request); HTStream * output_stream; HTStream * orig_output_stream; extern void HTRequest_setOutputStream (HTRequest *request, HTStream *output); extern HTStream *HTRequest_outputStream (HTRequest *request); HTFormat output_format; extern void HTRequest_setOutputFormat (HTRequest *request, HTFormat format); extern HTFormat HTRequest_outputFormat (HTRequest *request); BOOL connected; extern void HTRequest_setOutputConnected (HTRequest * request, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTRequest_outputConnected (HTRequest * request); HTStream * debug_stream; HTStream * orig_debug_stream; extern void HTRequest_setDebugStream (HTRequest *request, HTStream *debug); extern HTStream *HTRequest_debugStream (HTRequest *request); HTFormat debug_format; extern void HTRequest_setDebugFormat (HTRequest *request, HTFormat format); extern HTFormat HTRequest_debugFormat (HTRequest *request); HTStream * input_stream; extern void HTRequest_setInputStream (HTRequest * request, HTStream * input); extern HTStream *HTRequest_inputStream (HTRequest * request); HTFormat input_format; HTPostCallback * PostCallback; typedef int HTPostCallback (HTRequest * request, HTStream * target); extern void HTRequest_setPostCallback (HTRequest * request, HTPostCallback * cbf); extern HTPostCallback * HTRequest_postCallback (HTRequest * request); HTRequestCallback * callback; typedef int HTRequestCallback (HTRequest * request, void *param); extern void HTRequest_setCallback (HTRequest *request, HTRequestCallback *cb); extern HTRequestCallback *HTRequest_callback (HTRequest *request); void * context; extern void HTRequest_setContext (HTRequest *request, void *context); extern void *HTRequest_context (HTRequest *request); HTRequest * source; /* Source for request or itself */ extern BOOL HTRequest_isPostWeb (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTRequest_setSource (HTRequest * request, HTRequest * source); extern HTRequest * HTRequest_source (HTRequest * request); HTParentAnchor * source_anchor; /* Source anchor or itself */ extern BOOL HTRequest_setEntityAnchor (HTRequest * request, HTParentAnchor * anchor); extern HTParentAnchor * HTRequest_entityAnchor (HTRequest * request); HTRequest * mainDestination; /* For the typical case */ HTList * destinations; /* List of related requests */ int destRequests; /* Number of destination requests */ int destStreams; /* Number of destination streams */ PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_addDestination (HTRequest * src, HTRequest * dest) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_removeDestination (HTRequest * dest) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_destinationsReady (HTRequest * me) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_linkDestination (HTRequest *dest) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_unlinkDestination (HTRequest *dest) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_removePostWeb (HTRequest *me) PUBLIC BOOL HTRequest_killPostWeb (HTRequest *me) }; extern BOOL HTRequest_addDestination (HTRequest * src, HTRequest * dest); extern BOOL HTRequest_removeDestination (HTRequest * dest); extern BOOL HTRequest_destinationsReady (HTRequest * me); extern BOOL HTRequest_linkDestination (HTRequest * dest); extern BOOL HTRequest_unlinkDestination (HTRequest * dest); extern BOOL HTRequest_removePostWeb (HTRequest * me); extern BOOL HTRequest_killPostWeb (HTRequest * me); #define HTRequest_mainDestination(me) / ((me) && (me)->source ? (me)->source->mainDestination : NULL) #define HTRequest_isDestination(me) / ((me) && (me)->source && (me) != (me)->source) #define HTRequest_isMainDestination(me) / ((me) && (me)->source && / (me) == (me)->source->mainDestination) #define HTRequest_isSource(me) / ((me) && (me)->source && (me) == (me)->source) </code> <code impl="HTReqMan.c"> typedef long HTRequestID; typedef struct _HTRequest HTRequest; extern HTRequest * HTRequest_new (void); extern BOOL HTRequest_clear (HTRequest * me); extern HTRequest * HTRequest_dup (HTRequest * src); extern HTRequest * HTRequest_dupInternal (HTRequest * src); extern void HTRequest_delete (HTRequest * request); /* 调用 HTNet_newClient(req) / HTNet_newServer(req) */ extern BOOL HTLoad (HTRequest * request, BOOL recursive); extern BOOL HTServe(HTRequest * request, BOOL recursive); /* 调用 HTHost_forceFlush(host) */ extern int HTRequest_forceFlush (HTRequest * request); /* 调用相应的 HTNet_* 函数 */ extern BOOL HTRequest_kill(HTRequest * request); extern long HTRequest_bodyRead (HTRequest * request); extern long HTRequest_bodyWritten (HTRequest * request); extern long HTRequest_bytesRead (HTRequest * request); extern long HTRequest_bytesWritten (HTRequest * request); </code> <code> PRIVATE int HTMaxRetry = HT_MAX_RELOADS; extern BOOL HTRequest_setMaxRetry (int newmax); extern int HTRequest_maxRetry (void); struct _HTStream { HTStreamClass * isa; /* ... */ }; PUBLIC BOOL HTLoad (HTRequest * me, BOOL recursive) { if (!me || !me->anchor) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Load Start.. Bad argument/n"); return NO; } /* Make sure that we don't carry over any old physical address */ if (!recursive) HTAnchor_clearPhysical(me->anchor); /* Set the default method if not already done */ if (me->method == METHOD_INVALID) me->method = METHOD_GET; /* Should we keep the error stack or not? */ if (!recursive && me->error_stack) { HTError_deleteAll(me->error_stack); me->error_stack = NULL; } /* Delete any old Response Object */ if (me->response) { HTResponse_delete(me->response); me->response = NULL; } /* ** We set the start point of handling a request to here. ** This time will be used by the cache */ HTRequest_setDate(me, time(NULL)); /* Now start the Net Manager */ return HTNet_newClient(me); } PUBLIC BOOL HTServe (HTRequest * me, BOOL recursive) { if (!me || !me->anchor) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Serve Start. Bad argument/n"); return NO; } /* Make sure that we don't carry over any old physical address */ if (!recursive) HTAnchor_clearPhysical(me->anchor); /* Should we keep the error stack or not? */ if (!recursive && me->error_stack) { HTError_deleteAll(me->error_stack); me->error_stack = NULL; } /* Delete any old Response Object */ if (me->response) { HTResponse_delete(me->response); me->response = NULL; } /* Now start the Net Manager */ return HTNet_newServer(me); } </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTNet？ >>> 有三个文件：HTNetMan.h HTNet.h HTNet.c <code> struct _HTNet { int hash; /* Hash value */ /* Link to other objects */ HTRequest * request; /* Link to request object */ extern BOOL HTNet_setRequest (HTNet * net, HTRequest * request); extern HTRequest * HTNet_request (HTNet * net); HTHost * host; /* What we know about the remote host */ extern BOOL HTNet_setHost (HTNet * net, HTHost * host); extern HTHost * HTNet_host (HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setSocket (HTNet * net, SOCKET sockfd); extern SOCKET HTNet_socket (HTNet * net); /* net->host->channel's socket */ extern BOOL HTNet_persistent (HTNet * net); /* host's isPersistent */ extern BOOL HTNet_setPersistent (HTNet * net, BOOL persistent, HTTransportMode mode); extern BOOL HTNet_setChannel (HTNet * net, HTChannel * channel); extern HTChannel * HTNet_channel (HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setDns (HTNet * net, HTdns * dns); /* host->dns */ extern HTdns * HTNet_dns (HTNet * net); HTProtocol * protocol; /* Protocol to this request */ extern BOOL HTNet_setProtocol (HTNet * net, HTProtocol * protocol); extern HTProtocol * HTNet_protocol (HTNet * net); HTTransport * transport; /* Transport for this request */ extern BOOL HTNet_setTransport (HTNet * net, HTTransport * tp); extern HTTransport * HTNet_transport (HTNet * net); int session; /* For progress notifications */ BOOL countRawBytes; /* If we should count raw bytes */ extern BOOL HTNet_setRawBytesCount (HTNet * net, BOOL mode); extern BOOL HTNet_rawBytesCount (HTNet * net); long bytesRead; /* Bytes in body */ long headerBytesRead; /* Bytes read in header */ long bytesWritten; /* Bytes written to network */ long headerBytesWritten; /* Bytes written in header */ time_t connecttime; /* Used on multihomed hosts */ BOOL preemptive; /* Eff result from Request and Protocol */ extern BOOL HTNet_preemptive (HTNet * net); HTEvent event; /* NOTE: This is *NOT* a pointer */ extern HTEvent * HTNet_event (HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setEventParam (HTNet * net, void * eventParam); extern void * HTNet_eventParam (HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setEventCallback(HTNet * net, HTEventCallback * cbf); extern HTEventCallback * HTNet_eventCallback(HTNet * net); extern HTPriority HTNet_priority (HTNet * net); /* event.priority */ extern BOOL HTNet_setPriority (HTNet * net, HTPriority priority); extern BOOL HTNet_execute (HTNet * net, HTEventType type); /* (*(net->event.cbf))(HTNet_socket(net), net->event.param, type); */ extern BOOL HTNet_start (HTNet * net); /* (*(me->event.cbf))(HTNet_socket(me), me->event.param, HTEvent_BEGIN); */ HTStream * readStream; /* host's input stream puts data here */ extern HTStream * HTNet_readStream(HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setReadStream (HTNet * net, HTStream * stream); /* User specific stuff */ void * context; /* Protocol Specific context */ extern BOOL HTNet_setContext (HTNet * net, void * context); extern void * HTNet_context (HTNet * net); /* Eric's sleezoid cheat - should go to extra pipeline object */ HTEventType registeredFor; }; extern SOCKET HTNet_socket(HTNet * me); #define HTNet_setBytesRead(me,l) ((me) ? (me->bytesRead=(l)) : -1) #define HTNet_bytesRead(me) ((me) ? (me)->bytesRead : -1) #define HTNet_addBytesRead(me,l) ((me) ? (me->bytesRead+=(l)) : -1) #define HTNet_setHeaderBytesRead(me,l) ((me) ? (me->headerBytesRead=(l)) :-1) #define HTNet_headerBytesRead(me) ((me) ? (me)->headerBytesRead : -1) #define HTNet_addHeaderBytesRead(me,l) ((me) ? (me->headerBytesRead+=(l)) : -1) #define HTNet_setBytesWritten(me,l) ((me) ? (me->bytesWritten=(l)) :-1) #define HTNet_bytesWritten(me) ((me) ? (me)->bytesWritten : -1) #define HTNet_addBytesWritten(me,l) ((me) ? (me->bytesWritten+=(l)) : -1) #define HTNet_setHeaderBytesWritten(me,l) ((me) ? (me->headerBytesWritten=(l) ) :-1) #define HTNet_headerBytesWritten(me) ((me) ? / ((me)->headerBytesWritten==0 ? / HTNet_bytesWritten(me) : / (me)->headerBytesWritten) : -1) #define HTNet_addHeaderBytesWritten(me,l) ((me) ? (me->headerBytesWritten+=(l )) : -1) extern BOOL HTNet_setEventParam(HTNet * net, void * eventParam); extern void* HTNet_eventParam(HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setEventCallback(HTNet * net, HTEventCallback * cbf); extern HTEventCallback * HTNet_eventCallback(HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_setEventPriority(HTNet * net, HTPriority priority); extern HTPriority HTNet_eventPriority(HTNet * net); </code> <code impl="HTNet.c"> typedef struct _HTNet HTNet; typedef int HTNetBefore (HTRequest * request, void * param, int mode); extern BOOL HTNetCall_addBefore (HTList * list, HTNetBefore * before, const char * tmplate, void * param, HTFilterOrder order); extern BOOL HTNetCall_deleteBefore (HTList * list, HTNetBefore * before); extern BOOL HTNetCall_deleteBeforeAll (HTList * list); extern int HTNetCall_executeBefore (HTList * list, HTRequest * request); typedef int HTNetAfter (HTRequest * request, HTResponse * response, void * param, int status); extern BOOL HTNetCall_addAfter (HTList * list, HTNetAfter * after, const char * tmplate, void * param, int status, HTFilterOrder order); extern BOOL HTNetCall_deleteAfter (HTList * list, HTNetAfter * after); extern BOOL HTNetCall_deleteAfterStatus (HTList * list, int status); extern BOOL HTNetCall_deleteAfterAll (HTList * list); extern int HTNetCall_executeAfter (HTList * list, HTRequest * request, int status); extern HTList *HTNet_activeQueue (void); extern BOOL HTNet_idle (void); extern BOOL HTNet_idle (void); extern HTList *HTNet_pendingQueue (void); extern BOOL HTNet_newClient (HTRequest * request); extern BOOL HTNet_newServer (HTRequest * request); extern HTNet * HTNet_new (HTHost * host); extern HTNet * HTNet_dup (HTNet * src); extern BOOL HTNet_deleteDup (HTNet * dup); extern BOOL HTNet_delete (HTNet * me, int status); extern BOOL HTNet_wait (HTNet *net); extern BOOL HTNet_killPipe (HTNet * net); extern BOOL HTNet_kill (HTNet * me); extern BOOL HTNet_killAll (void); extern HTOutputStream * HTNet_getOutput (HTNet * me, void * param, int mode); </code> <code> typedef struct _BeforeFilter { HTNetBefore * before; /* Filter function */ char * tmplate; /* URL template for when to call filter */ int order; /* Relative execution order */ void * param; /* Local context */ } BeforeFilter; typedef struct _AfterFilter { HTNetAfter * after; /* Filter function */ char * tmplate; /* URL template for when to call filter */ int order; /* Relative execution order */ void * param; /* Local context */ int status; /* Status of load for when to call filter */ } AfterFilter; struct _HTStream { const HTStreamClass * isa; /* ... */ }; struct _HTInputStream { const HTInputStreamClass * isa; /* ... */ }; typedef struct _HTFilterEvent { HTRequest * request; int status; HTTimer * timer; } HTFilterEvent; PRIVATE HTList * HTBefore = NULL; /* List of global BEFORE filters */ extern BOOL HTNet_setBefore (HTList * list); extern HTList * HTNet_before (void); extern BOOL HTNet_addBefore (HTNetBefore * before, const char * tmplate, void * param, HTFilterOrder order); extern BOOL HTNet_deleteBefore (HTNetBefore * before); extern int HTNet_executeBeforeAll (HTRequest * request); PRIVATE HTList * HTAfter = NULL; /* List of global AFTER filters */ extern BOOL HTNet_setAfter (HTList * list); extern HTList * HTNet_after (void); extern BOOL HTNet_addAfter (HTNetAfter * after, const char * tmplate, void * param, int status, HTFilterOrder order); extern BOOL HTNet_deleteAfter (HTNetAfter * after); extern BOOL HTNet_deleteAfterStatus (int status); extern int HTNet_executeAfterAll (HTRequest * request, int status); PRIVATE int MaxActive = HT_MAX_SOCKETS; /* Max active requests */ extern BOOL HTNet_setMaxSocket (int newmax); extern int HTNet_maxSocket (void); PRIVATE int Active = 0; /* Counts open sockets */ extern void HTNet_increaseSocket (void); extern void HTNet_decreaseSocket (void); extern int HTNet_availableSockets (void); PRIVATE int Persistent = 0; /* Counts persistent sockets */ extern void HTNet_increasePersistentSocket (void); extern void HTNet_decreasePersistentSocket (void); extern int HTNet_availablePersistentSockets (void); PRIVATE HTList ** NetTable = NULL; /* List of net objects */ extern BOOL HTNet_deleteAll (void); PRIVATE int HTNetCount = 0; /* Counting elements in table */ extern BOOL HTNet_isIdle (void); /* HTNetCount > 0 */ extern BOOL HTNet_isEmpty (void); /* HTNetCount extern int HTNet_count (void); /* get and call Protocol_server(INVSOC, request) */ PUBLIC BOOL HTNet_newServer (HTRequest * request) { HTParentAnchor * anchor = HTRequest_anchor(request); HTNet * me = NULL; HTProtocol * protocol; HTTransport * tp = NULL; /* added JTD:5/28/96 */ char * physical = NULL; int status; HTProtCallback * cbf; if (!request) return NO; /* ** First we do all the "BEFORE" callbacks in order to see if we are to ** continue with this request or not. If we receive a callback status ** that is NOT HT_OK then jump directly to the after callbacks and return */ if ((status = HTNet_executeBeforeAll(request)) != HT_OK) { /* ** If in non-blocking mode then return here and call AFTER ** filters from a timer event handler. As Olga Antropova ** points out, otherwise, the stack can grow if new requests ** are started directly from the after filters */ if (HTEvent_isCallbacksRegistered() && !HTRequest_preemptive(request)) createAfterFilterEvent(request, status); else HTNet_executeAfterAll(request, status); return YES; } /* ** If no translation was provided by the filters then use the anchor ** address directly */ if (!(physical = HTAnchor_physical(anchor))) { char * addr = HTAnchor_address((HTAnchor *) anchor); HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. Using default address/n"); HTAnchor_setPhysical(anchor, addr); physical = HTAnchor_physical(anchor); HT_FREE(addr); } /* Find a protocol object for this access scheme */ { char * access = HTParse(physical, "", PARSE_ACCESS); if ((protocol = HTProtocol_find(request, access)) == NULL) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. NO PROTOCOL Object found for UR I scheme `%s/'/n" _ access); HT_FREE(access); return NO; } if (!(cbf = HTProtocol_server(protocol))) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. NO SERVER HANDLER for URI schem e `%s/'/n" _ access); HT_FREE(access); HT_FREE(me); return NO; } HT_FREE(access); } /* Find a transport object for this protocol */ if ((tp = HTTransport_find(request, HTProtocol_transport(protocol))) == N ULL) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. NO TRANSPORT found for protocol `%s /'/n" _ HTProtocol_name(protocol)); return NO; } /* Create new net object and bind to request object */ if ((me = create_object()) == NULL) return NO; me->preemptive = (HTProtocol_preemptive(protocol) || HTRequest_preemptive (request)); HTNet_setEventPriority(me, HTRequest_priority(request)); me->protocol = protocol; me->transport = tp; /* added - JTD:5/28/96 */ me->request = request; HTRequest_setNet(request, me); /* Start the server request */ HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. starting SERVER request %p and net obje ct %p/n" _ request _ me); (*(cbf))(INVSOC, request); return YES; } /* HTNet_newClient ** --------------- ** Create a new HTNet object as a new request to be handled. If we have ** more than MaxActive connections already then put this into the ** pending queue, else start the request by calling the call back ** function registered with this access method. ** Returns YES if OK, else NO */ /* get and call Protocol_client(INVSOC, request) */ PUBLIC BOOL HTNet_newClient (HTRequest * request) { HTParentAnchor * anchor = HTRequest_anchor(request); HTNet * me = NULL; HTProtocol * protocol = NULL; HTTransport * tp = NULL; char * physical = NULL; int status; HTProtCallback * cbf; if (!request) return NO; /* ** First we do all the "BEFORE" callbacks in order to see if we are to ** continue with this request or not. If we receive a callback status ** that is NOT HT_OK then jump directly to the after callbacks and return */ if ((status = HTNet_executeBeforeAll(request)) != HT_OK) { /* ** If in non-blocking mode then return here and call AFTER ** filters from a timer event handler. As Olga Antropova ** points out, otherwise, the stack can grow if new requests ** are started directly from the after filters */ if (HTEvent_isCallbacksRegistered() && !HTRequest_preemptive(request)) createAfterFilterEvent(request, status); else HTNet_executeAfterAll(request, status); return YES; } /* ** If no translation was provided by the filters then use the anchor ** address directly */ if (!(physical = HTAnchor_physical(anchor))) { char * addr = HTAnchor_address((HTAnchor *) anchor); HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. Using default address/n"); HTAnchor_setPhysical(anchor, addr); physical = HTAnchor_physical(anchor); HT_FREE(addr); } /* Find a protocol object for this access scheme */ { char * proxy = HTRequest_proxy(request); char * access = HTParse(proxy ? proxy : physical, "", PARSE_ACCESS); if ((protocol = HTProtocol_find(request, access)) == NULL) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. NO PROTOCOL Object found for UR I scheme `%s/'/n" _ access); HT_FREE(access); return NO; } if (!(cbf = HTProtocol_client(protocol))) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. NO CLIENT HANDLER for URI schem e `%s/'/n" _ access); HT_FREE(access); HT_FREE(me); return NO; } HT_FREE(access); } /* Find a transport object for this protocol */ tp = HTTransport_find(request, HTProtocol_transport(protocol)); if (tp == NULL) { HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. NO TRANSPORT found for protocol `%s /'/n" _ HTProtocol_name(protocol)); return NO; } /* Create new net object and bind it to the request object */ if ((me = create_object()) == NULL) return NO; me->preemptive = (HTProtocol_preemptive(protocol) || HTRequest_preemptive (request)); #if 0 me->priority = HTRequest_priority(request); #endif HTNet_setEventPriority(me, HTRequest_priority(request)); me->protocol = protocol; me->transport = tp; me->request = request; HTRequest_setNet(request, me); /* Increase the number of retrys for this download */ HTRequest_addRetry(request); /* ** Check if we can start the request, else put it into pending queue ** If so then call the call back function associated with the anchor. ** We use the INVSOC as we don't have a valid socket yet! */ HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Net Object.. starting request %p (retry=%d) with net object %p/n" _ request _ HTRequest_retrys(request) _ me); (*(cbf))(INVSOC, request); return YES; } PUBLIC BOOL HTNet_clear (HTNet * net) { if (net) { net->host->channel = NULL; net->readStream = NULL; net->bytesRead = 0; net->headerBytesRead = 0; net->bytesWritten = 0; net->headerBytesWritten = 0; return YES; } return NO; } /* Set (*Transport->output_new)(...) to Host's Channel and return it */ PUBLIC HTOutputStream * HTNet_getOutput (HTNet * me, void * param, int mode) { if (me && me->host && me->host->channel && me->transport) { HTTransport * tp = me->transport; HTChannel * ch = me->host->channel; HTOutputStream * output = (*tp->output_new)(me->host, ch, param, mode); HTChannel_setOutput(ch, output); return output; } HTTRACE(CORE_TRACE, "Host Object.. Can't create output stream/n"); return NULL; } </code> =================================================================== ??? libwww 如何处理 HTProtocol？ >>> <code impl="HTProt.c"> typedef struct _HTProtocol HTProtocol; typedef u_short HTProtocolId; typedef int HTProtCallback (SOCKET, HTRequest *); extern BOOL HTProtocol_add (const char * name, const char * transport, HTProtocolId port, BOOL preemptive, HTProtCallback * client, HTProtCallback * server); extern BOOL HTProtocol_delete (const char * name); extern BOOL HTProtocol_deleteAll (void); extern HTProtocol * HTProtocol_find (HTRequest * request, const char * access); </code> <code> struct _HTProtocol { char * name; /* Name of this protocol access scheme */ extern const char * HTProtocol_name (HTProtocol * protocol); char * transport; /* Name of the transport */ extern BOOL HTProtocol_setTransport (HTProtocol * protoccol, const char * transport); extern const char * HTProtocol_transport (HTProtocol * protocol); HTProtocolId id; /* Default port for this protocol */ extern HTProtocolId HTProtocol_id (HTProtocol * protocol); BOOL preemptive; extern BOOL HTProtocol_preemptive (HTProtocol * protocol); HTProtCallback * client; extern HTProtCallback * HTProtocol_client (HTProtocol * protocol); HTProtCallback * server; extern HTProtCallback * HTProtocol_server (HTProtocol * protocol); }; PRIVATE HTList * protocols = NULL; /* List of registered protocols */ </code> <the-end></the-end> </cmd></jhding>

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