solaris essential

1: default shell:  Korn Shell
2: ONC+ : Open Network Computing
3: NIS : Network Information Service     provides network information name services to clients
4: change from command-line login to X ,type "exit"   then then press Return
5: ls -F  check the file or directory type.
6: cp -i   prevent overwritting existing files.
7: vi -R   open file in read-only mode.   vi -r to recover file..
    view = vi -R   view filename    view file in read-only mode .
8: useradd -u 512 -g 1 -c 'SA-Xu, Collin' -d /export/home/xcollin -m -s /usr/bin/bash xcollin
9: In solaris system,  change the ip address:  edit below three files   /etc/inet/hosts /etc/inet/networks /etc/inet/netmasks
10: vi usage,   
 delete the specified line   :5,18d     delete 5 to 18 lines.
 U  undo all the changes at the current lin.
 u  undo the previous change.
 :2,5 co 8   copy  line 2 - 5  and put them after line 8.
 :3,7 m 10  move line 3 - 7  and put them after line 10
 :set ic search ignoring  case
 :set noic search to be case sensitive.
 :set all displays all the set argument.
to create an automatic customization  for all of your vi sessions, complete the flowing commands. (also applying for linux.)
    1) create a file in your home directory called .exrc
    2) enter the set variable  without preceding colon.
11: ls [a-d]*   list all files started with a - d.
      ls [bp]*    list all files started with b or p
      ls -n  lists detail information  like ls -l.  but show the uid and gid instead of owner's name.
      -rw-r--r-- 1 512 1 270 Nov 8 11:13 dat
       
12: umask   file default value 666   directory default value 777
       if the umask is 022  then the new file default value is 644  new directory value is 755
        you can't create a default file value 777.  the most privilege you create a file is 666.
13: grep
    grep -i  search for both uppercase and lowercase characters
    grep -n display the line number  in the file.
    grep -c count the lines that match the pattern
    grep -v display the lines that do not match the pattern
    grep -w search for the expression as a complete word. ignoring  substrings  meet the expression.
    grep -l  to search the names of the files that contain the pattern
 
    grep '^no'  /etc/passwd     to find all the lines that begin with  the letter 'no' in /etc/passwd file
    grep 'A...n' /etc/passwd     grep the line that start with 'A' then follows 3 charactor, then end with 'n'
    grep 'adm$'  /etc/group       grep lines that  the end of lines is  'adm'  
                                                   
    egrep : extended grep 
    egrep '[a-z]+body'  /etc/passwd   To search for all lines that have words followed by 'body'
    egrep '(Network|uucp) Admin' /etc/passwd   To search lines that contain 'Network Admin'or'uucp Admin'
    
14: find
find -atime +5     files that have not been accessed for more than 5 days.  
find -atime -5      files that have been accessed in 5 days. 
find -mtime +5    files that have not been modified for more than 5 days
find -mtime -5     files that have been modified in 5 days
15: parent process and child process
when one process creates another,the first process is considered to be parent process,the new process is called the child process.
while the child process runs, the parent process waits.when the child process finishes its task, it informs the parent process,the parent process then terminates the child process.
16: ps -ef
UID    PID    PPID    C    STIME    TTY    TIME    CMD
root    291    1        0    OCT 23    ?        0:18    /usr/lib/saf -t 300
  
UID: user name of the owner process
PID: the process id
PPID: the parent process id
C:cpu utilization for scheduling.(Not used now)
STIME:the time the process started
TTY:the controlling terminal for the process. '?' indicates that the process started without use of a terminal
TIME:the cumulative execution time for the process
CMD: the command name
 
17: pgrep 
pgrep -l ssh                        pgrep -lf ssh
948    sshd                          948    /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
2967   sshd                         2967  /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
2966    sshd                        2966  /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
 
pgrep -lt pts/2     display the terminal pts/2's process  (must be 'lt' not 'tl')
pgrep -lU root       displays the root's process (U=user) (must be 'lU' not 'Ul')
 
18:job
a job is a process that the shell can manage.Because jobs are processes,so each job has an associated PID. The shell also assigns each job  a sequential job ID number.
jobs   list the current jobs
fg %n  bring a background job to run in the foreground      n is the job ID     not the pid
bg %n  bring a foreground job to run in the background    First you need to press ctrl+z to stop the foreground process,then you use bg %1 to let the command run in b
 
ctrl+z  stops a foreground job.
kill %1 terminate job 1
 
19:function
typeset -f    list all  functions
use one command to execute a series of command. you can use the following three methods.
1): alias     alias info='uname -a; id; date'       info
2): function    function infor { uname -a; id; date; }     infor        (before date, there's a semicolon)
3): shell script  
 
20:set
set -o  show current option settings.
set -o noclobber   set noclobber option on
set +o noclobber   set noclobber option off
 
21: jar   
 the usage equals to tar, jar package file and compress it.  
jar  cvf  file.jar   file  
jar  xvf  file.jar
----------------------------------------------------------------
compress -v  filename     file.Z                compress file            -v option shows the percentage compressed
zcat file.tar.Z|tar xvf -                             view file.tar.Z without uncompressing it.   
uncompress   file.tar.Z                             restore file
------------------------------------------------------------------
another command to compress files : gzip  
gzip   file.tar    ----> file.tar.gz
gunzip file.tar.gz  ---------> file.tar
gzcat  file.gz      view the file.gz
gzact file.tar.gz | tar xvf -     view file.tar.gz
-------------------------------------------------------------------
zip: compress and archive files
zip  file.zip  file1  file2  file3...      zip file 1 ,2 ,3 to file.zip
unzip file.zip                               unzip file
unzip -l file.zip                             view file.zip
 
 
 
22: rlogin
rlogin vszcdevload05  
rlogin -l nagios vszcdevload07   use another user to login to host.
 
23:profile
add the environmental variable
1:edit /etc/profile
2: add this two line 
PATH=$PATH:/usr/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:.
export PATH
3:check PATH
echo $PATH
 
edit specified user's profile,for example edit oracle's profile
1:ls -a
2:vi .profile <!--WizHtmlContentEnd-->
 
24: time zone configuration  command (both for linux and solaris)
tzselect    
 

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