struts2源码初读(二)预处理

下面开始浏览struts2请求处理部分源码，最核心的方法doFilter

/**
 *	Dispatcher
 */
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    	/**
    	 * 实例化HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse
    	 */
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;

        try {
        	/**
        	 * 处理编码与本地化
        	 */
            prepare.setEncodingAndLocale(request, response);
            /**
             * 创建action上下文
             */
            prepare.createActionContext(request, response);
            /**
             * 关联当前的dispatcher与当前线程
			 * 
             */
            prepare.assignDispatcherToThread();
            /**
             * 判断请求的URL模式是不是规定的模式
             */
			if ( excludedPatterns != null && prepare.isUrlExcluded(request, excludedPatterns)) {
				chain.doFilter(request, response);
			} else {
				/**
				 * 封装request对象
				 */
				request = prepare.wrapRequest(request);
				/**
				 * xwork的ConfigurationManager读取struts.xml
				 * 返回值来自Dispatcher的Container
				 */
				ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);
				/**
				 * 根据请求的URL,如果ActionMapping找不到,执行静态资源请求
				 * 如果找到就转发给action处理
				 */
				if (mapping == null) {
					boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);
					if (!handled) {
						chain.doFilter(request, response);
					}
				} else {
					/**
					 * 在执行这个方法之前对http请求做预处理，为业务处理准备数据和运行环境
					 * 执行这个方法后把控制权交给xwork
					 * struts核心设计就是解耦合，消除核心程序对外部运行环境的依赖
					 * Web容器和MVC分离
					 */
					execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);
				}
			}
        } finally {
        	/**
        	 * 清理本次请求相关内容
        	 */
            prepare.cleanupRequest(request);
        }
    }

每一个请求过来就会调用一次doFilter方法，下面来看一下doFilter方法中都做了哪些操作。在实例化HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse后，设置请求的编码和国际化

/**
	 * PrepareOperations
	 */
	public void setEncodingAndLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        dispatcher.prepare(request, response);
    }
	
	/**
	 * Dispacher
	 */
	public void prepare(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        String encoding = null;
        if (defaultEncoding != null) {
            encoding = defaultEncoding;
        }

        Locale locale = null;
        if (defaultLocale != null) {
            locale = LocalizedTextUtil.localeFromString(defaultLocale, request.getLocale());
        }

        if (encoding != null) {
            try {
                request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                LOG.error("Error setting character encoding to '" + encoding + "' - ignoring.", e);
            }
        }

        if (locale != null) {
            response.setLocale(locale);
        }

        if (paramsWorkaroundEnabled) {
            request.getParameter("foo"); // simply read any parameter (existing or not) to "prime" the request
        }
    }

struts2用注解的方式在初始化的时候对属性赋值，类似与spring的依赖注入

在StrutsConstants中

public static final String STRUTS_LOCALE = "struts.locale";
public static final String STRUTS_I18N_ENCODING = "struts.i18n.encoding";

在default.properties中

# struts.locale=en_US
struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8

@Inject(StrutsConstants.STRUTS_I18N_ENCODING)
    public void setDefaultEncoding(String val) {
        defaultEncoding = val;
    }
	
@Inject(value=StrutsConstants.STRUTS_LOCALE, required=false)
    public void setDefaultLocale(String val) {
        defaultLocale = val;
    }

所以在初始化的时候defaultEncoding赋值为UTF-8，stauts.locale被注掉了，同时注解设置了required=false，对不存在的属性，初始化注入的时候被忽略了，故defaultLocale为null

下面来看一下是如何创建action上下文，又做了哪些操作。我们知道每一个请求都会创建一个action上下文，不同的action不会共享action上下文，这是通过本地线程变量实现的。

public static ActionContext getContext() {
        return (ActionContext) actionContext.get();
    }
static ThreadLocal actionContext = new ThreadLocal();

下面来看看ActionContext中有哪些属性，除了一些静态常量外就只有Map<String, Object> context一个属性。

/**
	 * PrepareOperations
	 */
	public ActionContext createActionContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        ActionContext ctx;
        Integer counter = 1;
        Integer oldCounter = (Integer) request.getAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER);
        if (oldCounter != null) {
            counter = oldCounter + 1;
        }
        /**
		 *  从ThreadLocal中获取ActionContext
		 */
        ActionContext oldContext = ActionContext.getContext();
        if (oldContext != null) {
            // detected existing context, so we are probably in a forward
            ctx = new ActionContext(new HashMap<String, Object>(oldContext.getContextMap()));
        } else {
            ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
            stack.getContext().putAll(dispatcher.createContextMap(request, response, null, servletContext));
            ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());
        }
        request.setAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER, counter);
        ActionContext.setContext(ctx);
        return ctx;
    }

createActionContext中最重要的是dispatcher.createContextMap(request, response, null, servletContext)，该方法就是将容器对象封装成普通java对象.
这个方法是struts2核心设计，前面说过struts的核心设计就是解耦合，消除核心程序对外部运行环境的依赖，即Web容器和MVC分离，
在创建action上下文的时候把web容器相关的数据Request,Session,Applicatioin...封装成普通的java对象Map使得xwork不依赖与web容器，从而解耦和。

/**
	 * Dispatcher
	 */
	public Map<String,Object> createContextMap(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            ActionMapping mapping, ServletContext context) {

        // request map wrapping the http request objects
        Map requestMap = new RequestMap(request);

        // parameters map wrapping the http parameters.  ActionMapping parameters are now handled and applied separately
        Map params = new HashMap(request.getParameterMap());

        // session map wrapping the http session
        Map session = new SessionMap(request);

        // application map wrapping the ServletContext
        Map application = new ApplicationMap(context);

        Map<String,Object> extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, params, session, application, request, response, context);

        if (mapping != null) {
            extraContext.put(ServletActionContext.ACTION_MAPPING, mapping);
        }
        return extraContext;
    }

createContextMap代码很清晰，先把容器对象封装成Map，在把这些Map作为value添加到contextMap中，创建之后再通过ActionContext.setContext(ctx)把context加到ThreadLocal中。

包装request的方法wrapRequest，在wrapRequest方法中又调用

request = dispatcher.wrapRequest(request, servletContext);
	
	/**
	 * Dispatcher
	 */
	public HttpServletRequest wrapRequest(HttpServletRequest request, ServletContext servletContext) throws IOException {
        /**
		 *  判断有没有做过封装，确保只做一次封装
		 */
        if (request instanceof StrutsRequestWrapper) {
            return request;
        }

        String content_type = request.getContentType();
		/**
		 *  封装Request对象，判断content_type是不是multipart/form-data
		 *  如果是返回MultiPartRequestWrapper对象处理文件上传
		 *  如果不是返回StrutsRequestWrapper对象处理普通请求
		 */
        if (content_type != null && content_type.indexOf("multipart/form-data") != -1) {
            MultiPartRequest mpr = null;
            //check for alternate implementations of MultiPartRequest
            Set<String> multiNames = getContainer().getInstanceNames(MultiPartRequest.class);
            if (multiNames != null) {
                for (String multiName : multiNames) {
                    if (multiName.equals(multipartHandlerName)) {
                        mpr = getContainer().getInstance(MultiPartRequest.class, multiName);
                    }
                }
            }
            if (mpr == null ) {
                mpr = getContainer().getInstance(MultiPartRequest.class);
            }
            request = new MultiPartRequestWrapper(mpr, request, getSaveDir(servletContext));
        } else {
            request = new StrutsRequestWrapper(request);
        }

        return request;
    }

接下来看一看prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true)方法，在PrepareOperations的findActionMapping方法中又调用了
dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ActionMapper.class).getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager())
这里是调用ActionMapper的实现类DefaultActionMapper的getMapping方法，分析getMapping之前先看一下ActionMapping类的属性

/**
	 *  action名
	 */
	private String name;
	/**
	 * action的命名空间
	 */
    private String namespace;
	/**
	 * action的执行方法
	 */
    private String method;
	/**
	 * url后缀名
	 */
    private String extension;
	/**
	 * 参数
	 */
    private Map<String, Object> params;
	/**
	 * 返回的结果
	 */
    private Result result;

/**
	 * DefaultActionMapper
	 */
	public ActionMapping getMapping(HttpServletRequest request,
            ConfigurationManager configManager) {
        ActionMapping mapping = new ActionMapping();
		/**
		 * 获取请求中的url
		 */
        String uri = getUri(request);
		/**
		 * 去掉url中的参数
		 * eg：test/test.cation;id=1-->test/test.cation
		 */
        int indexOfSemicolon = uri.indexOf(";");
        uri = (indexOfSemicolon > -1) ? uri.substring(0, indexOfSemicolon) : uri;
		/**
		 * 去掉url中的后缀名test/test.cation-->test/test
		 */
        uri = dropExtension(uri, mapping);
        if (uri == null) {
            return null;
        }
		/**
		 * 解析Action的名称和命名空间
		 */
        parseNameAndNamespace(uri, mapping, configManager);
		/**
		 * 去掉请求中的重复项
		 */
        handleSpecialParameters(request, mapping);

        if (mapping.getName() == null) {
            return null;
        }
		/**
		 * 处理test!mehtod格式的请求
		 */
        parseActionName(mapping);

        return mapping;
    }

/**
	 * DefaultActionMapper
	 */
	protected String getUri(HttpServletRequest request) {
        /**
		 *  判断请求是否来自于一个jsp的include
		 *  如果通过属性"javax.servlet.include.servlet_path"取得url
		 */
        String uri = (String) request
                .getAttribute("javax.servlet.include.servlet_path");
        if (uri != null) {
            return uri;
        }

        uri = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);
        if (uri != null && !"".equals(uri)) {
            return uri;
        }

        uri = request.getRequestURI();
		/**
		 *	去掉contextPath的路径
		 */
        return uri.substring(request.getContextPath().length());
    }

下面看一下去除url后缀名的方法，先说一下extensions的赋值
在StrutsConstants中

String STRUTS_ACTION_EXTENSION = "struts.action.extension";

在default.properties中

struts.action.extension=action,,

@Inject(StrutsConstants.STRUTS_ACTION_EXTENSION)
    public void setExtensions(String extensions) {
        if (extensions != null && !"".equals(extensions)) {
            List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
            String[] tokens = extensions.split(",");
            for (String token : tokens) {
                list.add(token);
            }
            if (extensions.endsWith(",")) {
                list.add("");
            }
            this.extensions = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
        } else {
            this.extensions = null;
        }
    }

通过注解在初始化的时候赋值，所以extensions值为[action, ]

/**
	 * DefaultActionMapper
	 */
	protected String dropExtension(String name, ActionMapping mapping) {
        if (extensions == null) {
            return name;
        }
        for (String ext : extensions) {
            if ("".equals(ext)) {
                /**
				 *  如果name中不包含.
				 *  或name中最后一个点后还有/直接返回name
				 */
                int index = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                if (index == -1 || name.indexOf('/', index) >= 0) {
                    return name;
                }
            } else {
                String extension = "." + ext;
				/**
				 *  如果name结尾匹配定义后缀，则去掉name的匹配部分
				 */
                if (name.endsWith(extension)) {
                    name = name.substring(0, name.length() - extension.length());
                    mapping.setExtension(ext);
                    return name;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

parseNameAndNamespace解析action的名称和命名空间

/**
	 * DefaultActionMapper
	 */
	protected void parseNameAndNamespace(String uri, ActionMapping mapping,
            ConfigurationManager configManager) {
        String namespace, name;
        int lastSlash = uri.lastIndexOf("/");
		/**
		 *  如果处理过的url中不包含/或/在url的开头，那么namespace为""
		 */
        if (lastSlash == -1) {
            namespace = "";
            name = uri;
        } else if (lastSlash == 0) {
            namespace = "/";
            name = uri.substring(lastSlash + 1);
        } else if (alwaysSelectFullNamespace) {
            /**
			 *  alwaysSelectFullNamespace默认是false
			 *  判断是否把最后一个/前的字符全作为命名空间
			 */
            namespace = uri.substring(0, lastSlash);
            name = uri.substring(lastSlash + 1);
        } else {
            // Try to find the namespace in those defined, defaulting to ""
            Configuration config = configManager.getConfiguration();
            String prefix = uri.substring(0, lastSlash);
            namespace = "";
            boolean rootAvailable = false;
            /**
			 * 匹配最长的命名空间
			 * eg:url test1/test2/test
			 * 如果配置文件有两个namespace test1/test2和test1
			 * 会匹配最长的那个test1/test2即贪婪匹配
			 */
            for (Object cfg : config.getPackageConfigs().values()) {
                String ns = ((PackageConfig) cfg).getNamespace();
                if (ns != null && prefix.startsWith(ns) && (prefix.length() == ns.length() || prefix.charAt(ns.length()) == '/')) {
                    if (ns.length() > namespace.length()) {
                        namespace = ns;
                    }
                }
                if ("/".equals(ns)) {
                    rootAvailable = true;
                }
            }

            name = uri.substring(namespace.length() + 1);

            // Still none found, use root namespace if found
            if (rootAvailable && "".equals(namespace)) {
                namespace = "/";
            }
        }

        if (!allowSlashesInActionNames && name != null) {
            int pos = name.lastIndexOf('/');
            if (pos > -1 && pos < name.length() - 1) {
                name = name.substring(pos + 1);
            }
        }

        mapping.setNamespace(namespace);
        mapping.setName(name);
    }

根据请求的URL,如果ActionMapping找不到,执行静态资源请求，如果找到就转发给action处理，struts的预处理到此就结束了。