方法一:在初始化时保存ApplicationContext对象
代码:
ApplicationContext ac = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
ac.getBean("beanId");
说明:这种方式适用于采用Spring框架的独立应用程序,需要程序通过配置文件手工初始化Spring的情况。
方法二:通过Spring提供的工具类获取ApplicationContext对象
代码:
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
ApplicationContext ac1 = WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc);
ApplicationContext ac2 = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc);
ac1.getBean("beanId");
ac2.getBean("beanId");
说明:
这种方式适合于采用Spring框架的B/S系统,通过ServletContext对象获取ApplicationContext对象,然后在通过它获取需要的类实例。
上面两个工具方式的区别是,前者在获取失败时抛出异常,后者返回null。
其中 servletContext sc 可以具体 换成 servlet.getServletContext()或者 this.getServletContext() 或者 request.getSession().getServletContext(); 另外,由于spring是注入的对象放在ServletContext中的,所以可以直接在ServletContext取出 WebApplicationContext 对象: WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = (WebApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
方法三:继承自抽象类ApplicationObjectSupport
说明:抽象类ApplicationObjectSupport提供getApplicationContext()方法,可以方便的获取到ApplicationContext。
Spring初始化时,会通过该抽象类的setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context)方法将ApplicationContext 对象注入。
方法四:继承自抽象类WebApplicationObjectSupport
说明:类似上面方法,调用getWebApplicationContext()获取WebApplicationContext
方法五:实现接口ApplicationContextAware
说明:实现该接口的setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context)方法,并保存ApplicationContext 对象。
Spring初始化时,会通过该方法将ApplicationContext对象注入。
在applicationContext.xml加载该bean类:
<bean id="SpringContextTools" class="com.momo.platform.util.SpringContextUtils" />
package com.momo.platform.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.ResourceEntityResolver;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
public class SpringContextUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {
public static final String BEAN_ID = "Platform_SpringContext";
private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
/**
* ApplicationContextAware接口的context注入函数.
*/
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) throws BeansException {
// System.out.println("==========================applicationContext注入==================================");
applicationContext = context;
}
public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
if (applicationContext == null){
throw new IllegalStateException("applicaitonContext未注入,请在applicationContext.xml中定义SpringContextUtil");
}
return applicationContext;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
if(applicationContext == null){
System.out.println("==========================================ApplicationContext没有注入成功!==================================");
}
return (T) applicationContext.getBean(name);
}
/**
* 向spring的beanFactory动态地装载bean
*
* @param configLocationString 要装载的bean所在的xml配置文件位置。
* spring配置中的contextConfigLocation,同样支持诸如"/WEB-INF/ApplicationContext-*.xml"的写法。
*/
public static void loadBean(String configLocationString) {
XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(
(BeanDefinitionRegistry) ((ConfigurableApplicationContext) getApplicationContext()).getBeanFactory());
beanDefinitionReader.setResourceLoader(getApplicationContext());
beanDefinitionReader.setEntityResolver(new ResourceEntityResolver(getApplicationContext()));
try {
String[] configLocations = new String[] { configLocationString };
for (int i = 0; i < configLocations.length; i++) {
beanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(getApplicationContext().getResources(configLocations[i]));
}
} catch (BeansException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e2) {
e2.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
在web应用中一般用ContextLoaderListener加载webapplication,如果需要在action之外或者control类之外获取webapplication思路之一是,单独写个类放在static变量中,
类似于:
public class AppContext {
private static AppContext instance;
private AbstractApplicationContext appContext;
public synchronized static AppContext getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new AppContext();
}
return instance;
}
private AppContext() {
this.appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"/applicationContext.xml");
}
public AbstractApplicationContext getAppContext() {
return appContext;
}
}
不过这样,还是加载了2次applicationcontext,servlet一次,路径加载一次;觉得不如直接用路径加载,舍掉servlet加载
在网上也找了些其他说法:实现ApplicationContextAware,,, 接口,或者servletcontextAware接口,还要写配置文件。有的竟然要把配置文件里的listener,换成自己的类,这样纯粹多此一举。不过有的应用不是替换,是在补一个listener,
我在一版的jpetstore(具体那一版不知道)里发现了这个:
[web.xml]里
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.ibatis.jpetstore.util.SpringInit</listener-class>
</listener>
其中SpringInit实现接口ServletContextListener :
package com.ibatis.jpetstore.util;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
public class SpringInit implements ServletContextListener {
private static WebApplicationContext springContext;
public SpringInit() {
super();
}
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
springContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) {
}
public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext() {
return springContext;
}
}
在其中的一个bean的构造里SpringInit获取applicationcontext,代码:
public OrderBean() {
this(
(AccountService) SpringInit.getApplicationContext().getBean("accountService"),
(OrderService) SpringInit.getApplicationContext().getBean("orderService") );
}