Ubuntu下安装Naginx, PHP5(及PHP-FPM),MySQL

环境:ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS 
nginx(发音"engine x”)是一个自由,开放源码,高性能的HTTP server。Nginx以稳定性,丰富的功能集,简单的配置,和低资源消耗而出名。本文将向你展示怎么在ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS 上安装Nginx,php5(及php-fpm),mysql。

一:安装前做个简单的说明

我使用的域名为example.com,ip地址是218.198.177.252。你可以视具体情况更改这些设置。在下文中我将使用root权限安装所需软件,所以请先切换到root用户:sudo su

二:安装MySQL

apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

安装过程会提示你为MySQL root 用户提供一个密码—-这个密码对 root@localhost可用,同时对[email protected]也可用,因此你需要手动为MySQL root用户指定一个密码: 
New password for the MySQL “root” user: <-- yourrootsqlpassword 
Repeat password for the MySQL “root” user: <– yourrootsqlpassword

三:安装Nginx

apt-get install nginx

1,启动nginx 
/etc/init.d/nginx start

2,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1,如果看到Welcome to nginx!,则说明安装成功,ubuntu 12.0.4 LTS上nginx默认的网站根目录在 /usr/share/nginx/www。

四:安装PHP5

PHP5可以在nginx上通过PHP-FPM(PHP—FPM(FastCGI Process Manager) 是一个可选的 FastCGI,添加了一些了一些很有用的特性,特别是对于繁忙的站点)工作。 
说明:Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或解析,所有的外部程序(包括PHP)必须通过FastCGI接口调用。

apt-get install php5-fpm

PHP-FPM是一个守护进程(init脚本文件在/etc/init.d/php5-fpm),它运行了一个FastCGI server,端口是 9000。

五:配置 nginx,以下是我本机的配置文件。

1,nginx的配置文件在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf, vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 如下:


user www-data;        //指定Nginx Worker 进程运行用户及用户组
<!-- lang: php --> worker_processes 4; / /指定Nginx开启的进程数,每个Nginx进程平均耗费10M-20M内存。 <!-- lang: php --> pid /var/run/nginx.pid; //用来指定进程id的存储文件的位置 <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> events { //用来指定Nginx的工作模式,及连接上限数 <!-- lang: php --> use epoll; <!-- lang: php --> worker_connections 768; <!-- lang: php --> # multi_accept on; <!-- lang: php --> } <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> http { <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # Basic Settings //基本的设置 <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> sendfile on; <!-- lang: php --> tcp_nopush on; <!-- lang: php --> tcp_nodelay on; <!-- lang: php --> keepalive_timeout 65; <!-- lang: php --> types_hash_max_size 2048; <!-- lang: php --> # server_tokens off; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64; <!-- lang: php --> # server_name_in_redirect off; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> include /etc/nginx/mime.types; <!-- lang: php --> default_type application/octet-stream; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # Logging Settings //指定日志的存放路径 <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; <!-- lang: php --> error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # Gzip Settings //开启Gzip 压缩 <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> gzip on; <!-- lang: php --> gzip_disable "msie6"; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> gzip_vary on; <!-- lang: php --> gzip_proxied any; <!-- lang: php --> gzip_comp_level 6; <!-- lang: php --> gzip_buffers 16 8k; <!-- lang: php --> gzip_http_version 1.1; <!-- lang: php --> gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # nginx-naxsi config <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> #include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # nginx-passenger config <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> #passenger_root /usr; <!-- lang: php --> #passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> # Virtual Host Configs //虚拟主机的配置 <!-- lang: php --> ## <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; <!-- lang: php --> include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> <!-- lang: php --> } <!-- lang: php --> #mail { <!-- lang: php --> # # See sample authentication script at: <!-- lang: php --> # # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript <!-- lang: php --> # <!-- lang: php --> # # auth_http localhost/auth.php; <!-- lang: php --> # # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER"; <!-- lang: php --> # # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS"; <!-- lang: php --> # <!-- lang: php --> # server { <!-- lang: php --> # listen localhost:110; <!-- lang: php --> # protocol pop3; <!-- lang: php --> # proxy on; <!-- lang: php --> # } <!-- lang: php --> # <!-- lang: php --> # server { <!-- lang: php --> # listen localhost:143; <!-- lang: php --> # protocol imap; <!-- lang: php --> # proxy on; <!-- lang: php --> # } <!-- lang: php --> #} <!-- lang: php --> 

2,虚拟主机被定义在server{}中,默认文件在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default,vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/default。

server {

    listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6 root /usr/share/nginx/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name _; location / { # First attempt to serve request as file, then # as directory, then fall back to index.html try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; } location /doc { root /usr/share; autoindex on; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /images { root /usr/share; autoindex off; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/www; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } 

}

3,保存文件,使配置生效 /etc/init.d/nginx reload

4,在Nginx的默认网站根目录创建一个PHP的测试文件 vim /usr/share/nginx/www/info.php

phpinfo(); 
?>

5,打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php

你可以看见PHP5已经通过FPM/FastCGI工作了,具体可看Server API那行。向下滚动可以看见所有的模块在PHP5中都是可用的,MySQL还没有被列出来,意味着MySQL还没支持PHP5。

六:让MySQL支持PHP5

1,让MySQL支持PHP5,我们可以安装php5-mysql包。其余的包,我们可以按需安装所需要的包,用apt-cache search php5列出PHP的包,看下那个是你所需要的。

2,选择一些你所需要的包,象这样安装: 
apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl

3,重启PHP-FPM 
/etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart

4,打开浏览器,输入http://127.0.0.1/info.php,看下你安装的包是不是已经被支持了。

七:配置PHP-FPM

vim /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf 或在 vim /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d/下做更详细的配置,不懂真人的默认就行了 ,也不优化了。

八:在/etc/nginx/sites-available/default中新增一个虚拟主机。

我的配置文件:

server {

    listen   80 ; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied 

listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6

    root /web/example;
    index index.php index.html index.htm; # Make site accessible from http://localhost/ server_name 218.198.177.252 example.com ; //这个和apache一样的啦,写域名就行了 location / { # First attempt to serve request as file, then # as directory, then fall back to index.html try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; # Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location # include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules } location /doc/ { alias /usr/share/doc/; autoindex on; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } # Only for nginx-naxsi : process denied requests #location /RequestDenied { # For example, return an error code #return 418; #} #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /web/example; } 

location ~ .php$ { //nginx处理静态的页面,动态的转给FastCGI处理

    # fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; # # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini # # # With php5-cgi alone: fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # # With php5-fpm: # fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } 

}

看下效果了,如过你的不成功,自己检查下….

参考资料: 
1,http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10 
2,http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-nginx-with-php5-and-php-fpm-and-mysql-support-on-ubuntu-11.10-p2 
3,张宴的《实战Nginx:取代Apache的高性能Web服务器》

http://my.oschina.net/syc2013/blog/283151

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