Mysql备份与还原实例

一、备份数据库

----清空一下日志
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
----查看一下echo表的存储引擎
mysql> show table status like 'echo' \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: echo
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Compact
           Rows: 3
 Avg_row_length: 5461
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 94371840
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2013-09-23 16:45:31
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: utf8_general_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified
----开始备份
[root@rhel5 dump]# mysqldump -u root -p --skip-opt --quick --extended-insert=false --single-transaction --master-data=2 --databases jack > /mysql/mysql5.5/dump/echo.sql

Enter password: 
[root@rhel5 dump]# ll
总计 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1558 09-23 21:47 echo.sql 
---查看备份出来的sql
[root@rhel5 dump]# more echo.sql 
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.22, for Linux (i686)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: jack
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version    5.5.22-log
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--

-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;

--
-- Current Database: `jack`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `jack` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;

USE `jack`;

--
-- Table structure for table `echo`
--

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `echo` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `msg` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
);
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `echo`
--

INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'aaa');
INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'bbb');
INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'人');
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2013-09-23 21:47:55

二、对表进行修改，然后删除

----插入一下内容
mysql> insert into echo values(4,'ccc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> insert into echo values(5,'ddd');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from echo;
+------+------+
| id   | msg  |
+------+------+
|    1 | aaa  |
|    1 | bbb  |
|    1 | 人   |
|    4 | ccc  |
|    5 | ddd  |
+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table echo;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from echo;
ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'jack.echo' doesn't exist

三、查看表删除的位置

mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       593 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show binlog events;
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                                    |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |   4 | Format_desc |         1 |         107 | Server ver: 5.5.22-log, Binlog ver: 4                   |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 107 | Query       |         1 |         175 | BEGIN                                                   |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 175 | Query       |         1 |         270 | use `jack`; insert into echo values(4,'ccc')            |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 270 | Xid         |         1 |         297 | COMMIT /* xid=176 */                                    |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 297 | Query       |         1 |         365 | BEGIN                                                   |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 365 | Query       |         1 |         460 | use `jack`; insert into echo values(5,'ddd')            |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 460 | Xid         |         1 |         487 | COMMIT /* xid=177 */                                    |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 487 | Query       |         1 |         593 | use `jack`; DROP TABLE `echo` /* generated by server */ |
| mysql-bin.000001 | 593 | Rotate      |         1 |         636 | mysql-bin.000002;pos=4                                  |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
----从上面可以看出drop table 是在487----
mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       636 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |       107 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001' \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 4
 Event_type: Format_desc
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 107
       Info: Server ver: 5.5.22-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 107
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 175
       Info: BEGIN
*************************** 3. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 175
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 270
       Info: use `jack`; insert into echo values(4,'ccc')
*************************** 4. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 270
 Event_type: Xid
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 297
       Info: COMMIT /* xid=176 */
*************************** 5. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 297
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 365
       Info: BEGIN
*************************** 6. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 365
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 460
       Info: use `jack`; insert into echo values(5,'ddd')
*************************** 7. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 460
 Event_type: Xid
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 487
       Info: COMMIT /* xid=177 */
*************************** 8. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 487
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 593
       Info: use `jack`; DROP TABLE `echo` /* generated by server */
*************************** 9. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql-bin.000001
        Pos: 593
 Event_type: Rotate
  Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 636
       Info: mysql-bin.000002;pos=4
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

四、查看备份的位置

[root@rhel5 dump]# more echo.sql 
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.5.22, for Linux (i686)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: jack
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version    5.5.22-log
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--

-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;

--
-- Current Database: `jack`
--

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `jack` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;

USE `jack`;

--
-- Table structure for table `echo`
--

/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `echo` (
  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `msg` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
);
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `echo`
--

INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'aaa');
INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'bbb');
INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'人');
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2013-09-23 21:47:55

[root@rhel5 dump]# grep "CHANGE MASTER" ./echo.sql 
-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;

五、还原数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| jack               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
----因为没有测试库，所以只能把jack数据库给删除掉
mysql> drop database jack;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
----还原数据库
[root@rhel5 dump]# mysql -u root -p < ./echo.sql
Enter password: 

mysql> use jack
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_jack |
+----------------+
| echo           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
---已经还原到表被修改之前
mysql> select * from echo;
+------+------+
| id   | msg  |
+------+------+
|    1 | aaa  |
|    1 | bbb  |
|    1 | 人   |
+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show binary logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name         | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |       636 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |      1065 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002';
+------------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos  | Event_type  | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                                                                               |
+------------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |    4 | Format_desc |         1 |         107 | Server ver: 5.5.22-log, Binlog ver: 4                                                              |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  107 | Query       |         1 |         188 | drop database jack                                                                                 |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  188 | Query       |         1 |         337 | CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `jack` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */             |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  337 | Query       |         1 |         486 | use `jack`; CREATE TABLE `echo` (

  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `msg` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL
) |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  486 | Query       |         1 |         554 | BEGIN                                                                                              |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  554 | Query       |         1 |         652 | use `jack`; INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'aaa')                                                    |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  652 | Xid         |         1 |         679 | COMMIT /* xid=206 */                                                                               |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  679 | Query       |         1 |         747 | BEGIN                                                                                              |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  747 | Query       |         1 |         845 | use `jack`; INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'bbb')                                                    |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  845 | Xid         |         1 |         872 | COMMIT /* xid=207 */                                                                               |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  872 | Query       |         1 |         940 | BEGIN                                                                                              |
| mysql-bin.000002 |  940 | Query       |         1 |        1038 | use `jack`; INSERT INTO `echo` VALUES (1,'人')                                                     |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 1038 | Xid         |         1 |        1065 | COMMIT /* xid=208 */                                                                               |
+------------------+------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

六、恢复数据库

[root@rhel5 data]# mysqlbinlog -u root -p --start-position=107 --stop-position=487 -vv ./mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -u root -p
Enter password: Enter password: 
123456

mysql> select * from echo;
+------+------+
| id   | msg  |
+------+------+
|    1 | aaa  |
|    1 | bbb  |
|    1 | 人   |
|    4 | ccc  |
|    5 | ddd  |
+------+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)