iOS学习笔记(八)——iOS网络通信http之NSURLConnection
移动互联网时代，网络通信已是手机终端必不可少的功能。我们的应用中也必不可少的使用了网络通信，增强客户端与服务器交互。这一篇提供了使用NSURLConnection实现http通信的方式。
NSURLConnection提供了异步请求、同步请求两种通信方式。
1、异步请求
iOS5.0 SDK NSURLConnection类新增的sendAsynchronousRequest:queue:completionHandler:方法，从而使iOS5支持两种异步请求方式。我们先从新增类开始。
1）sendAsynchronousRequest
iOS5.0开始支持sendAsynchronousReques方法，方法使用如下：
- (void)httpAsynchronousRequest{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://url"];
NSString *post=@"postData";
NSData *postData = [post dataUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding allowLossyConversion:YES];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
[request setHTTPBody:postData];
[request setTimeoutInterval:10.0];
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request
queue:queue
completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *error){
if (error) {
NSLog(@"Httperror:%@%d", error.localizedDescription,error.code);
}else{
NSInteger responseCode = [(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response statusCode];
NSString *responseString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"HttpResponseCode:%d", responseCode);
NSLog(@"HttpResponseBody %@",responseString);
}
}];
}
sendAsynchronousReques可以很容易地使用NSURLRequest接收回调，完成http通信。
2）connectionWithRequest
iOS2.0就开始支持connectionWithRequest方法，使用如下：
- (void)httpConnectionWithRequest{
NSString *URLPath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://url"];
NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:URLPath];
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:URL];
[NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)theConnection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
{
NSInteger responseCode = [(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response statusCode];
NSLog(@"response length=%lld statecode%d", [response expectedContentLength],responseCode);
}
// A delegate method called by the NSURLConnection as data arrives. The
// response data for a POST is only for useful for debugging purposes,
// so we just drop it on the floor.
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)theConnection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
{
if (mData == nil) {
mData = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithData:data];
} else {
[mData appendData:data];
}
NSLog(@"response connection");
}
// A delegate method called by the NSURLConnection if the connection fails.
// We shut down the connection and display the failure. Production quality code
// would either display or log the actual error.
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)theConnection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"response error%@", [error localizedFailureReason]);
}
// A delegate method called by the NSURLConnection when the connection has been
// done successfully. We shut down the connection with a nil status, which
// causes the image to be displayed.
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)theConnection
{
NSString *responseString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:mData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"response body%@", responseString);
}
connectionWithRequest需要delegate参数，通过一个delegate来做数据的下载以及Request的接受以及连接状态，此处delegate:self，所以需要本类实现一些方法，并且定义mData做数据的接受。
需要实现的方法：
1、获取返回状态、包头信息。
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response;
2、连接失败，包含失败。
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;
3、接收数据
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data;
4、数据接收完毕
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection;
connectionWithRequest使用起来比较繁琐，而iOS5.0之前用不支持sendAsynchronousRequest。有网友提出了AEURLConnection解决方案。
AEURLConnection is a simple reimplementation of the API for use on iOS 4. Used properly, it is also guaranteed to be safe against The Deallocation Problem, a thorny threading issue that affects most other networking libraries.
2、同步请求
同步请求数据方法如下：
- (void)httpSynchronousRequest{
NSURLRequest * urlRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://google.com"]];
NSURLResponse * response = nil;
NSError * error = nil;
NSData * data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:urlRequest
returningResponse:&response
error:&error];
if (error == nil)
{
// 处理数据
}
}
同步请求数据会造成主线程阻塞，通常在请求大数据或网络不畅时不建议使用。
从上面的代码可以看出，不管同步请求还是异步请求，建立通信的步骤基本是一样的：
1、创建NSURL
2、创建Request对象
3、创建NSURLConnection连接。
NSURLConnection创建成功后，就创建了一个http连接。异步请求和同步请求的区别是：创建了异步请求，用户可以做其他的操作，请求会在另一个线程执行，通信结果及过程会在回调函数中执行。同步请求则不同，需要请求结束用户才能做其他的操作。