Mysql：SQL语句：DML语句
执行存储过程
CALL sp_name([parameter[,...]])
CALL sp_name[()]
删除
DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]
FROM tbl_name
[WHERE where_condition]
[ORDER BY ...]
[LIMIT row_count]
执行表达式计算
DO expr [, expr] ... 和SELECT expr [, expr] ...类似，但不返回select的结果，因此进行表达式的技术时，性能较高
插入数据
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
{VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr [, col_name=expr] ... ]
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name
SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr [, col_name=expr] ... ]
INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
SELECT ...
[ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr [, col_name=expr] ... ]
插入数据-mysql的扩展，和insert类似，除了：如果表中有何新插入冲突的数据，会先删除旧数据，而后再插入新数据
REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
{VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [INTO] tbl_name
SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)]
SELECT ...
选择语句select
SELECT
[ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]
[HIGH_PRIORITY] [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT][SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
select_expr [, select_expr ...]
[
FROM table_references
[WHERE where_condition]
[GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]
[HAVING where_condition]
[ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ...]
[LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
[INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' [CHARACTER SET charset_name] export_options | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name' | INTO var_name [, var_name]]
[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]
]
联合查询结果
SELECT ...
UNION [ALL | DISTINCT]
SELECT ...
[UNION [ALL | DISTINCT] SELECT ...]
更新表
UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_reference
SET col_name1={expr1|DEFAULT} [, col_name2={expr2|DEFAULT}] ...
[WHERE where_condition]
[ORDER BY ...]
[LIMIT row_count]
截断表
TRUNCATE [TABLE] tbl_name
子查询：使用子查询总是有诸多的限制的，而且往往是可以更好的进行优化的。
在条件中的子查询
| 子查询的结果集特征 |
一列 |
多列 |
| 一行 |
单个标量： {= | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | <=>} subquery {exists | not exists} subquery |
单个矢量： 矢量形式 {= | > | < | >= | <= |<> | != | <=>} subquery {exists | not exists} subquery |
| 多行 |
范围标量： in subquery {= | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | <=>} {all | any | some } subquery {exists | not exists} subquery |
范围矢量： 矢量形式 {= | > | < | >= | <= |<> | != | <=>} subquery {exists | not exists} subquery |
相关子查询 ：（内层）子查询中用到 外层查询中的表值
例如：SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = ANY (SELECT column1 FROM t2 WHERE t2.column2 = t1.column2);
作为FROM 表 来源的子查询：
SELECT ... FROM (subquery) [AS] name ...
装载数据文件中的数据
LOAD DATA
[LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL]
INFILE 'file_name'
[REPLACE | IGNORE]
INTO TABLE tbl_name
[CHARACTER SET charset_name]
[{FIELDS | COLUMNS} [TERMINATED BY 'string'] [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'char'] [ESCAPED BY 'char'] ]
[LINES [STARTING BY 'string'] [TERMINATED BY 'string'] ]
[IGNORE number LINES]
[(col_name_or_user_var,...)]
[SET col_name = expr,...]