Java POI导出excel经典实现

Java使用poi组件导出excel报表，能导出excel报表的还可以使用jxl组件，但jxl想对于poi功能有限，jxl应该不能载excel插入浮动层图片，poi能很好的实现输出excel各种功能，介绍poi导出excel功能实现案例,算比较常用的功能实现以及导出excel需要注意的地方，采用的是poi-3.8-20120326.jar,poi-ooxml-3.8-20120326.jar,poi-scratchpad-3.8-20120326.jar

输出表格

poi输出excel最基本是输出table表格，下面是输出区域、总销售额(万元)、总利润(万元)简单的表格,
创建HSSFWorkbook 对象，用于将excel输出到输出流中

          

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HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("table");  //创建table工作薄 Object[][] datas = {{"区域", "总销售额(万元)", "总利润(万元)简单的表格"}, {"江苏省" , 9045,  2256}, {"广东省", 3000, 690}}; HSSFRow row; HSSFCell cell; for(int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {     row = sheet.createRow(i);//创建表格行     for(int j = 0; j < datas[i].length; j++) {         cell = row.createCell(j);//根据表格行创建单元格         cell.setCellValue(String.valueOf(datas[i][j]));     } } wb.write(new FileOutputStream("/Users/mike/table.xls"));

设置表格行高、列宽

有时表格文本比较多，需要设置表格的列宽度，在设置表格的行高与列宽时一定在创建全部的HSSFRow与HSSFCell之后，
即整个表格创建完成之后去设置，因为在单元格合并的时候，合并之前设置的宽度单元格会比设置的宽度更宽。 sheet.setColumnWidth 设置列宽值需要转换为excel的宽度值，使用工具类：MSExcelUtil，excel宽度并不是像素需要转换

          

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HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("table");  //创建table工作薄 Object[][] datas = {{"区域", "总销售额(万元)", "总利润(万元)简单的表格"}, {"江苏省" , 9045,  2256}, {"广东省", 3000, 690}}; HSSFRow row; HSSFCell cell; for(int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {     row = sheet.createRow(i);//创建表格行     for(int j = 0; j < datas[i].length; j++) {         cell = row.createCell(j);//根据表格行创建单元格         cell.setCellValue(String.valueOf(datas[i][j]));     } }   //创建表格之后设置行高与列宽 for(int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {     row = sheet.getRow(i);     row.setHeightInPoints(30);//设置行高 } for(int j = 0; j < datas[0].length; j++) {     sheet.setColumnWidth(j, MSExcelUtil.pixel2WidthUnits(160)); //设置列宽 } wb.write(new FileOutputStream("/Users/mike/table1.xls"));

设置excel单元格样式

单元格可以设置居左、居中、居右、上下居中、设置边框、设置边框颜色、设置单元格背景颜色等, excel设置单元格有一个HSSFCellStyle类可以设置样式，单元格颜色比较麻烦，excel颜色对应一个下标值，我们可以使用自定义颜色，但下标值从11开始，前1-10被poi已经使用，通过palette.setColorAtIndex方法将颜色与下标值对应，下面cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(bgIndex)设置背景颜色时set 下标值并不是颜色Color，一个下标值如11不能被重复设置颜色，否则excel单元格显示的都是黑色，如下 背景颜色使用下标值bgIndex=11，边框颜色使用下标值bdIndex=12

          

short colorIndex = 10; HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette();//自定义颜色 Color rgb = Color.GREEN; short bgIndex = colorIndex ++; //背景颜色下标值 palette.setColorAtIndex(bgIndex, (byte) rgb.getRed(), (byte) rgb.getGreen(), (byte) rgb.getBlue()); short bdIndex = colorIndex ++; //边框颜色下标值 rgb = Color.BLACK; palette.setColorAtIndex(bdIndex, (byte) rgb.getRed(), (byte) rgb.getGreen(), (byte) rgb.getBlue());   for(int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {     row = sheet.createRow(i);//创建表格行     for(int j = 0; j < datas[i].length; j++) {         cell = row.createCell(j);//根据表格行创建单元格         cell.setCellValue(String.valueOf(datas[i][j]));           HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();         cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(bgIndex); //bgIndex 背景颜色下标值         cellStyle.setFillPattern(CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);           cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);         cellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);         cellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);         cellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);         //bdIndex 边框颜色下标值         cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(bdIndex);         cellStyle.setLeftBorderColor(bdIndex);         cellStyle.setRightBorderColor(bdIndex);         cellStyle.setTopBorderColor(bdIndex);           cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);         cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);           cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);     } }

单元格文本设置字体样式

单元格文本可设置字体大小、颜色、斜体、粗体、下划线等。

          

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HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();   HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setItalic(true); font.setUnderline(HSSFFont.U_SINGLE); font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)14); cellStyle.setFont(font);

合并单元格

sheet中可以类似html合并单元格,指定开始行(从0开始计算)、合并单元格最后行、开始列(从0开始)、 合并单元格最后列四个参数值

          

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CellRangeAddress region = new CellRangeAddress(0, // first row         0, // last row         0, // first column         2 // last column ); sheet.addMergedRegion(region);

单元格中加入图片

单元格中不仅是文本、数值、也可以加入图片，需要指定图片占用单元格开始行数、开始列数、末尾行数、末尾列数。 
支持png、jpeg、emf等

          

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//加入图片 byte[] bt = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(new File("/Users/mike/pie.png")); int pictureIdx = wb.addPicture(bt, Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG); CreationHelper helper = wb.getCreationHelper(); Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); ClientAnchor anchor = helper.createClientAnchor(); anchor.setCol1(0); //图片开始列数 anchor.setRow1(4); //图片开始行数 anchor.setCol2(3); //图片结束列数 anchor.setRow2(25);//图片结束行数 drawing.createPicture(anchor, pictureIdx);

excel中插入浮动层图片类似html中div

excel中插入图片, poi导出excel似乎没有按绝对位置X、Y这样插入图片，可以行高和列宽计算X、Y值的大概的位置在哪个单元格中,
然后类似（6）中插入图片，只指定图片开始行数、开始列数，picture.resize()会使图片依据图片实际大小进行扩展。

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//加入图片 int pictureIdx = wb.addPicture(bt, Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG); CreationHelper helper = wb.getCreationHelper(); Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); ClientAnchor anchor = helper.createClientAnchor(); anchor.setCol1(0); //图片开始列数 anchor.setRow1(4); //图片开始行数 Picture picture = drawing.createPicture(anchor, pictureIdx); picture.resize();

单元格中画斜线

excel单元格中画斜线另一篇有详细介绍：poi excel斜线表头

长度转换MSExcelUtil

excel中单元格宽度和高度并不是像素值、ppt值，所以需要转换，MSExcelUtil是一个转换工具类

public class MSExcelUtil {       public static final short EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR = 256;     public static final int UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH = 7;     public static final int[] UNIT_OFFSET_MAP = new int[] { 0, 36, 73, 109, 146, 182, 219 };       /**      * pixel units to excel width units(units of 1/256th of a character width)      *      * @param pxs      * @return      */     public static short pixel2WidthUnits(int pxs) {         short widthUnits = (short) (EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR * (pxs / UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH));         widthUnits += UNIT_OFFSET_MAP[(pxs % UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH)];         return widthUnits;     }       /**      * excel width units(units of 1/256th of a character width) to pixel units      *      * @param widthUnits      * @return      */     public static int widthUnits2Pixel(int widthUnits) {         int pixels = (widthUnits / EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR) * UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH;         int offsetWidthUnits = widthUnits % EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR;         pixels += Math.round(offsetWidthUnits                 / ((float) EXCEL_COLUMN_WIDTH_FACTOR / UNIT_OFFSET_LENGTH));           return pixels;     } }

完整例子

poi导出excel源码

import java.awt.Color; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream;   import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPalette; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ClientAnchor; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CreationHelper; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Drawing; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook; import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;   public final class TestExportExcel {       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception  {           HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();         HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("table");  //创建table工作薄         Object[][] datas = {{"区域产品销售额","",""},{"区域", "总销售额(万元)", "总利润(万元)简单的表格"}, {"江苏省" , 9045,  2256}, {"广东省", 3000, 690}};         HSSFRow row;         HSSFCell cell;                   short colorIndex = 10;         HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette();         Color rgb = Color.GREEN;         short bgIndex = colorIndex ++;         palette.setColorAtIndex(bgIndex, (byte) rgb.getRed(), (byte) rgb.getGreen(), (byte) rgb.getBlue());         short bdIndex = colorIndex ++;         rgb = Color.BLACK;         palette.setColorAtIndex(bdIndex, (byte) rgb.getRed(), (byte) rgb.getGreen(), (byte) rgb.getBlue());                   for(int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {             row = sheet.createRow(i);//创建表格行             for(int j = 0; j < datas[i].length; j++) {                 cell = row.createCell(j);//根据表格行创建单元格                 cell.setCellValue(String.valueOf(datas[i][j]));                                   HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();                 if(i == 0 || i == 1) {                       cellStyle.setFillForegroundColor(bgIndex); //bgIndex 背景颜色下标值                       cellStyle.setFillPattern(CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);                 }                                 cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);                 cellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);                 cellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);                 cellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);                 //bdIndex 边框颜色下标值                 cellStyle.setBottomBorderColor(bdIndex);                 cellStyle.setLeftBorderColor(bdIndex);                 cellStyle.setRightBorderColor(bdIndex);                 cellStyle.setTopBorderColor(bdIndex);                                   cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);                 cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);                                   if(i == datas.length - 1 && j == datas[0].length - 1) {                     HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();                     font.setItalic(true);                     font.setUnderline(HSSFFont.U_SINGLE);                     font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);                     font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)14);                     cellStyle.setFont(font);                 }                 cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);             }         }                   //加入图片         byte[] bt = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(new File("/Users/mike/pie.png"));         int pictureIdx = wb.addPicture(bt, Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG);         CreationHelper helper = wb.getCreationHelper();         Drawing drawing = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();         ClientAnchor anchor = helper.createClientAnchor();         anchor.setDx1(MSExcelUtil.pixel2WidthUnits(60));         anchor.setDy1(MSExcelUtil.pixel2WidthUnits(60));         anchor.setCol1(0);         anchor.setRow1(4);         anchor.setCol2(3);         anchor.setRow2(25);         drawing.createPicture(anchor, pictureIdx);                   //合并单元格         CellRangeAddress region = new CellRangeAddress(0, // first row                 0, // last row                 0, // first column                 2 // last column         );         sheet.addMergedRegion(region);                   //创建表格之后设置行高与列宽         for(int i = 0; i < datas.length; i++) {             row = sheet.getRow(i);             row.setHeightInPoints(30);         }         for(int j = 0; j < datas[0].length; j++) {             sheet.setColumnWidth(j, MSExcelUtil.pixel2WidthUnits(160));         }         wb.write(new FileOutputStream("/Users/mike/table6.xls"));     }    }

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