手把手搭建一个完整的JavaWeb项目
本案例使用Servlet+jsp制作,用Intellij Idea IDE和Mysql数据库进行搭建,详细介绍了搭建过程及知识点。
主要功能有:
1.用户注册
2.用户登录
3.用户列表展示
4.用户信息修改
5.用户信息删除
涉及到的知识点有:
1.JDBC
2.Servlet
3.过滤器
4.EL与JSTL表达式
1.首先打开mysql数据库 新建一个数据库test,然后生成对应的表结构
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`pwd` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`sex` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`home` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`info` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('3', '123', '123', '123', '123', '123');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('4', '123123', '123123', '男', '北京', '123123');
这里使用到了navicat for mysql 这是一种mysql的图形界面化工具,后期可以非常方便的操作数据库。
2.然后打开Intellij Idea 新建一个web项目,步骤详情见(一)。
3.在webroot下的WEB-INF下的lib中导入mysql的驱动jar包。
4.建立对应的包结构
com.javaweb.demo.filter //过滤器 解决中文字符集乱码
com.javaweb.demo.util //数据库连接工具类
com.javaweb.demo.entity //实体类
com.javaweb.demo.dao //数据操作类
com.javaweb.demo.servlet //servlet类
5.在filter下新建一个EncodingFilter类用来解决中文字符集乱码,它需要实现Filter接口,并重写doFilter函数
package com.javaweb.demo.filter;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class EncodingFilter implements javax.servlet.Filter {
public EncodingFilter(){
System.out.println("过滤器构造");
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("过滤器初始化");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //将编码改为utf-8
servletResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("过滤器销毁");
}
}
6.到web.xml下进行对EncodingFilter相应的配置
EncodingFilter
com.javaweb.demo.filter.EncodingFilter
EncodingFilter
/*
login.jsp
7.在util下新建一个DBconn类用来处理对数据库的连接操作(用户名或密码按照自己的数据库更改)
package com.javaweb.demo.util;
import java.sql.*;
public class DBconn {
static String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?useunicuee=true& characterEncoding=utf8"; // 数据库连接url
static String username = "root"; // 数据库用户名
static String password = "123456"; // 用户密码
static Connection conn = null; // 初始化一个数据连接 conn
static ResultSet rs = null; // 初始化一个结果集 rs
static PreparedStatement ps =null; // 初始化一个PreparedStatement对象 ps
public static void init(){
try {
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("init [SQL驱动程序初始化失败!]");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static int addUpdDel(String sql){
int i = 0;
try {
PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
i = ps.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("sql数据库增删改异常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return i;
}
public static ResultSet selectSql(String sql){
try {
ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
rs = ps.executeQuery(sql);
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("sql数据库查询异常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return rs;
}
public static void closeConn(){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("sql数据库关闭异常");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
8.在entity下新建一个User实体类(实体即抽象出来的用户对象,对应数据库中的user表,表中每个字段在实体中为一个属性,也可以理解为一个User对象对应数据库中的user表一条记录)
package com.javaweb.demo.entity;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String pwd;
private String sex;
private String home;
private String info;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getHome() {
return home;
}
public void setHome(String home) {
this.home = home;
}
public String getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
}
9.在dao下新建一个UserDao接口 以及对应的方法实现类(使用接口类是为了规范开发)
package com.javaweb.demo.dao;
import com.javaweb.demo.entity.User;
import java.util.List;
public interface UserDao {
public boolean login(String name,String pwd);//登录
public boolean register(User user);//注册
public List getUserAll();//返回用户信息集合
public boolean delete(int id) ;//根据id删除用户
public boolean update(int id,String name, String pwd,String sex, String home,String info) ;//更新用户信息
}
新建UserDaoImpl.java 实现UserDao接口,及未实现的方法 (SQL语句建议在mysql中测试以下,没有问题然后在拿到实现类中使用,可以避免无必要的麻烦)
本例子SQL使用字符串拼接的方式,其实还有一种预加载的方式。
package com.javaweb.demo.dao.impl;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.javaweb.demo.entity.User;
import com.javaweb.demo.util.DBconn;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public boolean login(String name, String pwd) {
boolean flag = false;
try {
DBconn.init();
ResultSet rs = DBconn.selectSql("select * from user where name='"+name+"' and pwd='"+pwd+"'");
while(rs.next()){
if(rs.getString("name").equals(name) && rs.getString("pwd").equals(pwd)){
flag = true;
}
}
DBconn.closeConn();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return flag;
}
@Override
public boolean register(User user) {
boolean flag = false;
DBconn.init();
int i =DBconn.addUpdDel("insert into user(name,pwd,sex,home,info) " +
"values('"+user.getName()+"','"+user.getPwd()+"','"+user.getSex()+"','"+user.getHome()+"','"+user.getInfo()+"')");
if(i>0){
flag = true;
}
DBconn.closeConn();
return flag;
}
@Override
public List getUserAll() {
List list = new ArrayList();
try {
DBconn.init();
ResultSet rs = DBconn.selectSql("select * from user");
while(rs.next()){
User user = new User();
user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
user.setName(rs.getString("name"));
user.setPwd(rs.getString("pwd"));
user.setSex(rs.getString("sex"));
user.setHome(rs.getString("home"));
user.setInfo(rs.getString("info"));
list.add(user);
}
DBconn.closeConn();
return list;
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
public boolean delete(int id) {
boolean flag = false;
DBconn.init();
String sql = "delete from user where id="+id;
int i =DBconn.addUpdDel(sql);
if(i>0){
flag = true;
}
DBconn.closeConn();
return flag;
}
@Override
public boolean update(int id, String name, String pwd, String sex, String home, String info) {
boolean flag = false;
DBconn.init();
String sql ="update user set name ='"+name
+"' , pwd ='"+pwd
+"' , sex ='"+sex
+"' , home ='"+home
+"' , info ='"+info+"' where id = "+id;
int i =DBconn.addUpdDel(sql);
if(i>0){
flag = true;
}
DBconn.closeConn();
return flag;
}
}
10.在servlet下创建DengluServlet用来实现对用户登录的操作(Servlet有两种方式创建,一种手工创建。另一种程序自动生成。前者自己创建java类,实现Servlet具体内容,然后需要去WEB_INF下的web.xml去配置servlet . 而后者则直接由程序替我们配置好了Servlet)本例子使用第二种方式生成Servlet。
package com.javaweb.demo.servlet;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { //需要继承HttpServlet 并重写doGet doPost方法
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response); //将信息使用doPost方法执行 对应jsp页面中的form表单中的method
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name"); //得到jsp页面传过来的参数
String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImpl();
if(ud.login(name, pwd)){
request.setAttribute("xiaoxi", "欢迎用户"+name); //向request域中放置信息
request.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(request, response);//转发到成功页面
}else{
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp"); //重定向到首页
}
}
}
有两点要注意的地方:
一:getParameter与getAttribute两者的区别
request.setAttribute("xiaoxi", "欢迎用户"+name);//向request域中放置信息 ( 键值对的形式) 名字为xiaoxi 内容为"欢迎用户"+name
request.getAttribute("xiaoxi");//得到request域中放置名字为xiaoxi的信息
request.getParameter("name");//得到request域的参数信息(得到jsp页面传过来的参数)
getAttribute表示从request范围取得设置的属性,必须要先setAttribute设置属性,才能通过getAttribute来取得,设置与取得的为Object对象类型 。
getParameter表示接收参数,参数为页面提交的参数,包括:表单提交的参数、URL重写(就是xxx?id=1中的id)传的参数等,因此这个并没有设置参数的方法(没有setParameter),而且接收参数返回的不是Object,而是String类型
二:转发与重定向的区别
(1).重定向的执行过程:Web服务器向浏览器发送一个http响应--》浏览器接受此响应后再发送一个新的http请求到服务器--》服务器根据此请求寻找资源并发送给浏览器。它可以重定向到任意URL,不能共享request范围内的数据。
(2).重定向是在客户端发挥作用,通过新的地址实现页面转向。
(3).重定向是通过浏览器重新请求地址,在地址栏中可以显示转向后的地址。
(4).转发过程:Web服务器调用内部方法在容器内部完成请求和转发动作--》将目标资源发送给浏览器,它只能在同一个Web应用中使用,可以共享request范围内的数据。
(5).转发是在服务器端发挥作用,通过forward()方法将提交信息在多个页面间进行传递。
(6).转发是在服务器内部控制权的转移,客户端浏览器的地址栏不会显示出转向后的地址。
11.在servlet下创建一个RegisterServlet用来实现用户注册的操作
package com.javaweb.demo.servlet;
import com.javaweb.demo.entity.User;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String name = request.getParameter("name"); //获取jsp页面传过来的参数
String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
String sex = request.getParameter("sex");
String home = request.getParameter("home");
String info = request.getParameter("info");
User user = new User(); //实例化一个对象,组装属性
user.setName(name);
user.setPwd(pwd);
user.setSex(sex);
user.setHome(home);
user.setInfo(info);
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImpl();
if(ud.register(user)){
request.setAttribute("username", name); //向request域中放置参数
//request.setAttribute("xiaoxi", "注册成功");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response); //转发到登录页面
}else{
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");//重定向到首页
}
}
}
12.在servlet下创建FindUserListServlet用来返回数据库中所有用户信息
package com.javaweb.demo.servlet;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import com.javaweb.demo.entity.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
public class FindUserListServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImpl();
List userAll = ud.getUserAll();
request.setAttribute("userAll", userAll);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/userlist.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
13.在servlet下创建DeleteServlet用来删除用户操作
package com.javaweb.demo.servlet;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class DeleteUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String id = request.getParameter("id");
int userId = Integer.parseInt(id);
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImpl();
if(ud.delete(userId)){
request.setAttribute("xiaoxi", "删除成功");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/FindUserList").forward(request, response);
}else{
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
}
}
}
14.在servlet下创建UpdateServlet操作用来更新用户信息
package com.javaweb.demo.servlet;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.UserDao;
import com.javaweb.demo.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class UpdateUserServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request, response);
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String id = request.getParameter("id");
int userId = Integer.parseInt(id);
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
String sex = request.getParameter("sex");
String home = request.getParameter("home");
String info = request.getParameter("info");
System.out.println("------------------------------------"+userId);
UserDao ud = new UserDaoImpl();
if(ud.update(userId, name, pwd, sex, home, info)){
request.setAttribute("xiaoxi", "更新成功");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/FindUserList").forward(request, response);
}else{
response.sendRedirect("index.jsp");
}
}
}
15.配置servlet 如果非手打而用MyEclipse生成则不用配置 附完整web.xml
EncodingFilter
com.javaweb.demo.filter.EncodingFilter
EncodingFilter
/*
LoginServlet
com.javaweb.demo.servlet.LoginServlet
RegisterServlet
com.javaweb.demo.servlet.RegisterServlet
FindUserListServlet
com.javaweb.demo.servlet.FindUserListServlet
DeleteUserServlet
com.javaweb.demo.servlet.DeleteUserServlet
UpdateUserServlet
com.javaweb.demo.servlet.UpdateUserServlet
LoginServlet
/Login
RegisterServlet
/Register
FindUserListServlet
/FindUserList
DeleteUserServlet
/DeleteUser
UpdateUserServlet
/UpdateUser
login.jsp
16.新建jsp页面
login.jsp 用户登录页面 默认页面进入项目后 先进入该页面(web.xml中配置)
form表单中需要注意的是