Ribbon、Feign、Zuul的Fallback回退机制比较

文章目录

  • 概览
  • Ribbon的Fallback机制
  • Feign的Fallback机制
  • Zuul的Fallback机制

概览

Ribbon Feign Zuul
使用的是@HystrixCommand注解,其实就是一个api 针对一个类,使用的是fallback属性 针对一个或多个微服务

Ribbon的Fallback机制

使用的是@HystrixCommand注解,其实就是一个api ;

如下:

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "defaultStores")
这个注解是通用的,不一定是Ribbon才用;

如何使用:

@Component
public class StoreIntegration {

    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "defaultStores")
    public Object getStores(Map parameters) {
        //do stuff that might fail
    }

    public Object defaultStores(Map parameters) {
        return /* something useful */;
    }
}

如果要让某些线程本地上下文传播到@HystrixCommand,则默认声明不起作用,因为它在线程池中执行该命令(可能造成超时)。 通过配置或直接在注释中切换Hystrix以使用与调用者相同的线程,方法是要求它使用不同的“隔离策略”。

以下示例演示如何在注释中设置线程:

@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "stubMyService",
    commandProperties = {
      @HystrixProperty(name="execution.isolation.strategy", value="SEMAPHORE")
    }
)
...

@HystrixCommand由名为“javanica”的Netflix contrib库提供。 Spring Cloud在连接到Hystrix断路器的代理中自动包装带有该注释的Spring bean。 断路器计算何时打开和关闭电路以及在发生故障时应采取的措施。

See here for more details. See the Hystrix wiki for details on the properties available.

Feign的Fallback机制

针对一个类,使用的是fallback属性

如下:

  • 第一种fallback形式:@FeignClient(name = "hello", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class)

    • 代码示例:
    @FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class)
    public interface UserFeignClient {
    	@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/user/{id}", consumes = "application/json")
        public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    }
    	
    
    static class HystrixClientFallback implements UserFeignClient {
    	@Override
    	public User findById(Long id) {
    		User user = new User();
    		user.setId(1L);
    		return user;
        }
    }
    
  • 第二种:fallbackFactory形式@FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", /*fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class, */ fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class)

    • 代码示例:
    @FeignClient(name = "microservice-provider-user", /*fallback = HystrixClientFallback.class, */ fallbackFactory = HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class)
    public interface UserFeignClient {
    	@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, value = "/user/{id}", consumes = "application/json")
        public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    }    
        
    
    @Component
    static class HystrixClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<UserFeignClient> {
    	
    	private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HystrixClientFallbackFactory.class);
    	
    	@Override
    	public UserFeignClient create(Throwable cause) {
    		//打印日志
    		HystrixClientFallbackFactory.LOGGER.info("fallback; reason was: " + cause.getMessage());
    		
    		return new UserFeignClient() {
    			@Override
    			public User findById(Long id) {
    				User user = new User();
    				user.setId(-1L);
    				user.setUsername("我是HystrixClientFallbackFactory");
    				
    				return user;
    			}
    		};
    	}
    	
    }
    
    

Zuul的Fallback机制

针对一个微服务

如下:

Zuul的Fallback回退机制

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