Spring MVC 单元测试

作为WEB开发人员在开发过程中总是需要测试各种请求 

常规的方法则是启动WEB服务器 测试 出错 停掉WEB 改代码 重启WEB 测试 

大量的时间都浪费在WEB服务器的启动上

今天给大家介绍一种不用启动WEB 直接采用单元测试的方法来测试请求是否准确 

该方法基于SpringMVC 与 Spring Test 框架

如果大家对SpringMVC的基本知识不了解,请先百度一下.

首先是控制器代码

package com.spring;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/spring")
public class Action {

	@Autowired
	Teacher teacher;
	// spring 支持restful的格式
	
	@ResponseBody
	@RequestMapping(value = "/rest/{ownerId}.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model,
			HttpServletResponse rep) throws IOException {
		return ownerId;
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/test.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String testa(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep)
			throws IOException {
		model.addAttribute("abc", "efd");
		model.addAttribute(teacher);
		return "a";
	}

	@ResponseBody
	// 理论上可以@ResponseBody 支持直接返回teacher对象 但是3.2里有问题 我们还是老实返回字符串吧
	@RequestMapping(value = "/testb.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String testb(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
			HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
		// WEB中获得SPRING容器
		WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils
				.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(req.getServletContext());
		return new JSONObject(wac.getBean(Teacher.class)).toString();
	}

	@ResponseBody
	@RequestMapping(value = "/post.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public String post(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
			HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
		return new JSONObject(req.getParameterMap()).toString();
	}

}

再上单元测试代码

import java.awt.print.Printable;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultHandler;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
//当然 你可以声明一个事务管理 每个单元测试都进行事务回滚 无论成功与否
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
//记得要在XML文件中声明事务哦~~~我是采用注解的方式
@Transactional
public class ExampleTests {

	@Autowired
	private WebApplicationContext wac;

	private MockMvc mockMvc;

	@Before
	public void setup() {
		// webAppContextSetup 注意上面的static import
		// webAppContextSetup 构造的WEB容器可以添加fileter 但是不能添加listenCLASS
		// WebApplicationContext context =
		// ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
		// 如果控制器包含如上方法 则会报空指针
		this.mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
	}

	@Test
        //有些单元测试你不希望回滚
        @Rollback(false)
	public void ownerId() throws Exception {
		mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/rest/4.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
				.andDo(print());
	}

	@Test
	public void test() throws Exception {
		mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/test.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
				.andDo(print())
				.andExpect(model().attributeHasNoErrors("teacher"));
	}

	@Test
	public void testb() throws Exception {
		mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/testb.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
				.andDo(print());
	}

	@Test
	public void getAccount() throws Exception {
		mockMvc.perform((post("/spring/post.do").param("abc", "def")))
				.andExpect(status().isOk()).andDo(print());
	}

}