snmp安装配置及snmpwalk使用

相关snmp,oid,mib的介绍如下：
http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=NbKuswetz4S_C6x8aZKr7txnhLHiMK-P938XvmQtC_ic91rOT3Yxg9evb_DJ4qEBksr4tsDoSo23lfEBJhC42Q4Ufvay_JKrISgD0fykobG

sudo apt-get install snmpd
sudo apt-get install snmp
如果在用客户端获取信息是，使用的是mib名称，而不是oid，还需要安装snmp-mibs-downloader
service snmpd start
为了获取所有的数据，修/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf,添加最后一行
view systemonly included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1
view systemonly included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1
view systemonly included .1
service snmpd restart
使用下面命令测试
snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost

snmpwalk
No hostname specified.
USAGE: snmpwalk [OPTIONS] AGENT [OID]

Version: 5.7.3
Web: http://www.net-snmp.org/
Email: [email protected]

OPTIONS:
-h, –help display this help message
-H display configuration file directives understood
-v 1|2c|3 specifies SNMP version to use
-V, –version display package version number
SNMP Version 1 or 2c specific
-c COMMUNITY set the community string
SNMP Version 3 specific
-a PROTOCOL set authentication protocol (MD5|SHA)
-A PASSPHRASE set authentication protocol pass phrase
-e ENGINE-ID set security engine ID (e.g. 800000020109840301)
-E ENGINE-ID set context engine ID (e.g. 800000020109840301)
-l LEVEL set security level (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv)
-n CONTEXT set context name (e.g. bridge1)
-u USER-NAME set security name (e.g. bert)
-x PROTOCOL set privacy protocol (DES|AES)
-X PASSPHRASE set privacy protocol pass phrase
-Z BOOTS,TIME set destination engine boots/time
General communication options
-r RETRIES set the number of retries
-t TIMEOUT set the request timeout (in seconds)
Debugging
-d dump input/output packets in hexadecimal
-D[TOKEN[,…]] turn on debugging output for the specified TOKENs
(ALL gives extremely verbose debugging output)
General options
-m MIB[:…] load given list of MIBs (ALL loads everything)
-M DIR[:…] look in given list of directories for MIBs
(default: /home/baixyu/.snmp/mibs:/usr/share/snmp/mibs:/usr/share/snmp/mibs/iana:/usr/share/snmp/mibs/ietf:/usr/share/mibs/site:/usr/share/snmp/mibs:/usr/share/mibs/iana:/usr/share/mibs/ietf:/usr/share/mibs/netsnmp)
-P MIBOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling MIB parsing:
u: allow the use of underlines in MIB symbols
c: disallow the use of “–” to terminate comments
d: save the DESCRIPTIONs of the MIB objects
e: disable errors when MIB symbols conflict
w: enable warnings when MIB symbols conflict
W: enable detailed warnings when MIB symbols conflict
R: replace MIB symbols from latest module
-O OUTOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling output display:
0: print leading 0 for single-digit hex characters
a: print all strings in ascii format
b: do not break OID indexes down
e: print enums numerically
E: escape quotes in string indices
f: print full OIDs on output
n: print OIDs numerically
q: quick print for easier parsing
Q: quick print with equal-signs
s: print only last symbolic element of OID
S: print MIB module-id plus last element
t: print timeticks unparsed as numeric integers
T: print human-readable text along with hex strings
u: print OIDs using UCD-style prefix suppression
U: don’t print units
v: print values only (not OID = value)
x: print all strings in hex format
X: extended index format
-I INOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling input parsing:
b: do best/regex matching to find a MIB node
h: don’t apply DISPLAY-HINTs
r: do not check values for range/type legality
R: do random access to OID labels
u: top-level OIDs must have ‘.’ prefix (UCD-style)
s SUFFIX: Append all textual OIDs with SUFFIX before parsing
S PREFIX: Prepend all textual OIDs with PREFIX before parsing
-L LOGOPTS Toggle various defaults controlling logging:
e: log to standard error
o: log to standard output
n: don’t log at all
f file: log to the specified file
s facility: log to syslog (via the specified facility)

          (variants)
          [EON] pri:   log to standard error, output or /dev/null for level 'pri' and above
          [EON] p1-p2: log to standard error, output or /dev/null for levels 'p1' to 'p2'
          [FS] pri token:    log to file/syslog for level 'pri' and above
          [FS] p1-p2 token:  log to file/syslog for levels 'p1' to 'p2'

-C APPOPTS Set various application specific behaviours:
p: print the number of variables found
i: include given OID in the search range
I: don’t include the given OID, even if no results are returned
c: do not check returned OIDs are increasing
t: Display wall-clock time to complete the walk
T: Display wall-clock time to complete each request
E {OID}: End the walk at the specified OID

实例：
获取系统基本信息
baixyu@ubuntu:~/eclipse_jsnmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0  
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0 = STRING: “Linux ubuntu 4.4.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 13 00:07:12 UTC 2016 x86_64”  
获取系统提供服务  
baixyu@ubuntu:~/eclipse_j snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.7.0
iso.3.6.1.2.1.1.7.0 = INTEGER: 72
获取系统当前运行进程
baixyu@ubuntu:~/eclipse_j$ snmpwalk -v 2c -c public localhost .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.1 = STRING: “systemd”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.2 = STRING: “kthreadd”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.3 = STRING: “ksoftirqd/0”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.5 = STRING: “kworker/0:0H”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.7 = STRING: “rcu_sched”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.8 = STRING: “rcu_bh”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.9 = STRING: “migration/0”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.10 = STRING: “watchdog/0”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.11 = STRING: “watchdog/1”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.12 = STRING: “migration/1”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.13 = STRING: “ksoftirqd/1”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.15 = STRING: “kworker/1:0H”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.16 = STRING: “watchdog/2”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.17 = STRING: “migration/2”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.18 = STRING: “ksoftirqd/2”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.20 = STRING: “kworker/2:0H”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.21 = STRING: “watchdog/3”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.22 = STRING: “migration/3”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.23 = STRING: “ksoftirqd/3”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.25 = STRING: “kworker/3:0H”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.26 = STRING: “kdevtmpfs”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.27 = STRING: “netns”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.28 = STRING: “perf”
iso.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2.29 = STRING: “khungtas

下面是使用mib来获取信息的方式
baixyu@ubuntu:~/eclipse_j snmpwalk−v1−cpubliclocalhostUCD−SNMP−MIB::memBuffer.0UCD−SNMP−MIB::memBuffer.0=INTEGER:102636kBbaixyu@ubuntu: /eclipsej snmpwalk -v1 -c public localhost UCD-SNMP-MIB::memTotalFree.0
UCD-SNMP-MIB::memTotalFree.0 = INTEGER: 3293580 kB

常用oid参见
http://www.ttlsa.com/monitor/snmp-oid/