基于PyQt Canvas Matplotlib图形绘制

关键技术：变量传递, Pyqt Canvas, 信号槽

定义三种不同的绘图样式：第一个是静态图，第二个是动态图，最后一个是变量可控视图。

		sc = MyStaticMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
		dc = MyDynamicMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
		cc = MyControlMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
		self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(sc)
		self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(dc)
		self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(cc)

 变量传递，通过lambda函数实现。

self.horizontalSlide.valueChanged['int'].connect(lambda: cc.update_figure(self.horizontalSlide.value()))

 

完整程序： 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file '.\mainwindow.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.6
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
import sys
import random

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMenu, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QMessageBox, QWidget

from numpy import arange, sin, pi
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure


class MyMplCanvas(FigureCanvas):#画布基类
	"""这是一个窗口部件，即QWidget（当然也是FigureCanvasAgg）"""
	def __init__(self, parent=None, width=50, height=50, dpi=100):
		fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
		self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)
		# 每次plot()调用的时候，我们希望原来的坐标轴被清除(所以False)
		self.axes.hold(False)
		self.compute_initial_figure()

		#
		FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
		self.setParent(parent)

		FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self,
									QSizePolicy.Expanding,
									QSizePolicy.Expanding)
		self.axes.set_xlabel('x')
		self.axes.set_ylabel('y')
		FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)

	def compute_initial_figure(self):
		pass

class MyStaticMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):#单个画布
	"""静态画布：一条正弦线"""
	def compute_initial_figure(self):
		t = arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
		s = sin(4*pi*t)
		self.axes.plot(t, s)

class MyControlMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):#单个画布
	"""动态画布：每秒自动更新，更换一条折线。"""
	def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
		MyMplCanvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
		timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
		timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
		timer.start(1000)

	def compute_initial_figure(self):
		self.axes.plot([0, 0, 0, 0], [1, 2, 3, 4], 'r')

	def update_figure(self,x=1):
		# 构建4个随机整数，位于闭区间[0, 10]
		t = arange(0.0, 3.0, 0.01)
		print x
		s = sin(2*pi*t+x/100.*2*pi)
		self.axes.plot(t, s ,'r')
		self.axes.set_xlabel('x')
		self.axes.set_ylabel('y')
		self.draw()

class MyDynamicMplCanvas(MyMplCanvas):#单个画布
	"""动态画布：每秒自动更新，更换一条折线。"""
	def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
		MyMplCanvas.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
		timer = QtCore.QTimer(self)
		timer.timeout.connect(self.update_figure)
		timer.start(1000)

	def compute_initial_figure(self):
		self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 0, 4], 'r')

	def update_figure(self):
		# 构建4个随机整数，位于闭区间[0, 10]
		l = [random.randint(0, 10) for i in range(4)]
		self.axes.plot([0, 1, 2, 3], l, 'r')
		self.axes.set_xlabel('x')
		self.axes.set_ylabel('y')
		self.draw()

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
	
	def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
		MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
		MainWindow.resize(519, 387)
		self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
		self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")
		self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralWidget)
		self.gridLayout.setContentsMargins(11, 11, 11, 11)
		self.gridLayout.setSpacing(6)
		self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
		#
		self.verticallayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
		self.verticallayout.setContentsMargins(11, 11, 11, 11)
		self.verticallayout.setSpacing(6)
		self.verticallayout.setObjectName("verticallayout")
		#
		self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
		self.horizontalLayout.setContentsMargins(11, 11, 11, 11)
		self.horizontalLayout.setSpacing(6)
		self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
		#
		self.lcd = QtWidgets.QLCDNumber(self.centralWidget)
		self.lcd.setObjectName("lcd1")
		self.verticallayout.addWidget(self.lcd)
		self.horizontalSlide = QtWidgets.QSlider(self.centralWidget)
		self.horizontalSlide.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
		self.horizontalSlide.setObjectName("horizontalSlide")
		self.verticallayout.addWidget(self.horizontalSlide)
		#
		self.main_widget = QWidget()
		sc = MyStaticMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
		dc = MyDynamicMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
		cc = MyControlMplCanvas(self.main_widget, width=5, height=4, dpi=100)
		self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(sc)
		self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(dc)
		self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(cc)
		#
		self.verticallayout.addLayout(self.horizontalLayout)
		#
		self.gridLayout.addLayout(self.verticallayout, 0, 0, 1, 1)
		MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)
		self.menuBar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
		self.menuBar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 519, 23))
		self.menuBar.setObjectName("menuBar")
		self.menuF = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menuBar)
		self.menuF.setObjectName("menuF")
		self.menuE = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menuBar)
		self.menuE.setObjectName("menuE")
		self.menuW = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menuBar)
		self.menuW.setObjectName("menuW")
		self.menuH = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menuBar)
		self.menuH.setObjectName("menuH")
		MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menuBar)
		self.mainToolBar = QtWidgets.QToolBar(MainWindow)
		self.mainToolBar.setObjectName("mainToolBar")
		MainWindow.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.TopToolBarArea, self.mainToolBar)
		MainWindow.insertToolBarBreak(self.mainToolBar)
		self.statusBar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
		self.statusBar.setObjectName("statusBar")
		MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusBar)
		self.actionNew = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/new.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionNew.setIcon(icon)
		self.actionNew.setObjectName("actionNew")
		self.actionOpen = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon1 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon1.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/open.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionOpen.setIcon(icon1)
		self.actionOpen.setObjectName("actionOpen")
		self.actionSave = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon2 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon2.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/save.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionSave.setIcon(icon2)
		self.actionSave.setObjectName("actionSave")
		self.actionSaveAs = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon3 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon3.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/saveAs.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionSaveAs.setIcon(icon3)
		self.actionSaveAs.setObjectName("actionSaveAs")
		self.actionExit = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon4 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon4.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/exit.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionExit.setIcon(icon4)
		self.actionExit.setObjectName("actionExit")
		self.actionUndo = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon5 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon5.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/undo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionUndo.setIcon(icon5)
		self.actionUndo.setObjectName("actionUndo")
		self.actionRedo = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon6 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon6.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/redo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionRedo.setIcon(icon6)
		self.actionRedo.setObjectName("actionRedo")
		self.actionCut = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon7 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon7.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/cut.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionCut.setIcon(icon7)
		self.actionCut.setObjectName("actionCut")
		self.actionCopy = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon8 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon8.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/copy.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionCopy.setIcon(icon8)
		self.actionCopy.setObjectName("actionCopy")
		self.actionPaste = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon9 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon9.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/paste.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionPaste.setIcon(icon9)
		self.actionPaste.setObjectName("actionPaste")
		self.actionClose = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		self.actionClose.setObjectName("actionClose")
		self.actionCloseAll = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		self.actionCloseAll.setObjectName("actionCloseAll")
		self.actionTile = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		self.actionTile.setObjectName("actionTile")
		self.actionCascade = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		self.actionCascade.setObjectName("actionCascade")
		self.actionNext = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon10 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon10.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/next.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionNext.setIcon(icon10)
		self.actionNext.setObjectName("actionNext")
		self.actionPrevious = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon11 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon11.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/previous.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionPrevious.setIcon(icon11)
		self.actionPrevious.setObjectName("actionPrevious")
		self.actionAbout = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		icon12 = QtGui.QIcon()
		icon12.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("images/about.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
		self.actionAbout.setIcon(icon12)
		self.actionAbout.setObjectName("actionAbout")
		self.actionAboutQt = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
		self.actionAboutQt.setObjectName("actionAboutQt")
		self.menuF.addAction(self.actionNew)
		self.menuF.addAction(self.actionOpen)
		self.menuF.addSeparator()
		self.menuF.addAction(self.actionSave)
		self.menuF.addAction(self.actionSaveAs)
		self.menuF.addSeparator()
		self.menuF.addAction(self.actionExit)
		self.menuE.addAction(self.actionUndo)
		self.menuE.addAction(self.actionRedo)
		self.menuE.addSeparator()
		self.menuE.addAction(self.actionCut)
		self.menuE.addAction(self.actionCopy)
		self.menuE.addAction(self.actionPaste)
		self.menuW.addAction(self.actionClose)
		self.menuW.addAction(self.actionCloseAll)
		self.menuW.addSeparator()
		self.menuW.addAction(self.actionTile)
		self.menuW.addAction(self.actionCascade)
		self.menuW.addSeparator()
		self.menuW.addAction(self.actionNext)
		self.menuW.addAction(self.actionPrevious)
		self.menuH.addAction(self.actionAbout)
		self.menuH.addAction(self.actionAboutQt)
		self.menuBar.addAction(self.menuF.menuAction())
		self.menuBar.addAction(self.menuE.menuAction())
		self.menuBar.addAction(self.menuW.menuAction())
		self.menuBar.addAction(self.menuH.menuAction())
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionNew)
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionOpen)
		self.mainToolBar.addSeparator()
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionSave)
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionSaveAs)
		self.mainToolBar.addSeparator()
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionCut)
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionCopy)
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionPaste)
		self.mainToolBar.addSeparator()
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionUndo)
		self.mainToolBar.addAction(self.actionRedo)

		self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
		self.horizontalSlide.valueChanged['int'].connect(self.lcd.display)
		self.horizontalSlide.valueChanged['int'].connect(lambda: cc.update_figure(self.horizontalSlide.value()))
		# x = self.horizontalSlide.value()
		# dc.update_figure()
		QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

	def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
		_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
		MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
		self.menuF.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "文件(&F)"))
		self.menuE.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "编辑(&E)"))
		self.menuW.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "窗口(&W)"))
		self.menuH.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "帮助(&H)"))
		self.actionNew.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "新建文件(&N)"))
		self.actionNew.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "新建文件"))
		self.actionNew.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+N"))
		self.actionOpen.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件(&O)..."))
		self.actionOpen.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "打开文件"))
		self.actionOpen.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+O"))
		self.actionSave.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "保存(&S)"))
		self.actionSave.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "保存"))
		self.actionSave.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+S"))
		self.actionSaveAs.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "另存为(&A)..."))
		self.actionSaveAs.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "另存为"))
		self.actionExit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "退出(&X)"))
		self.actionExit.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "退出"))
		self.actionUndo.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "撤销(&U)"))
		self.actionUndo.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "撤销"))
		self.actionUndo.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+Z"))
		self.actionRedo.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "恢复(&R)"))
		self.actionRedo.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "恢复"))
		self.actionRedo.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+Y"))
		self.actionCut.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "剪切(&T)"))
		self.actionCut.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "剪切"))
		self.actionCut.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+X"))
		self.actionCopy.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "复制(&C)"))
		self.actionCopy.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "复制"))
		self.actionCopy.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+C"))
		self.actionPaste.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "粘贴(&P)"))
		self.actionPaste.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "粘贴"))
		self.actionPaste.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+V"))
		self.actionClose.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭(&O)"))
		self.actionClose.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭"))
		self.actionCloseAll.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭所有窗口(&A)"))
		self.actionCloseAll.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "关闭所有窗口"))
		self.actionTile.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "平铺(&T)"))
		self.actionTile.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "平铺"))
		self.actionCascade.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "层叠(&C)"))
		self.actionCascade.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "层叠"))
		self.actionNext.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "下一个(&X)"))
		self.actionNext.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "下一个"))
		self.actionNext.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+Tab"))
		self.actionPrevious.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "前一个(&V)"))
		self.actionPrevious.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "前一个"))
		self.actionPrevious.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+Shift+Backtab"))
		self.actionAbout.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关于(&A)"))
		self.actionAbout.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "关于"))
		self.actionAboutQt.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "关于Qt(&Q)"))
		self.actionAboutQt.setToolTip(_translate("MainWindow", "关于Qt"))
if __name__ == "__main__":
	app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
	ex = Ui_MainWindow()
	w = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
	ex.setupUi(w)
	w.show()
	sys.exit(app.exec_())

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/fengyu09/article/details/39498777