hibernate id 联合主键生成策略

如果数据库中用多个字段而不仅仅是一个字段作为主键,也就是联合主键,这个时候就可以使用hibernate提供的联合主键生成策略。

具体如下:

可以使用一个组件作为一个实体类的标识符。你的组件类必须满足以下要求:

它必须实现 java.io.Serializable 接口

它必须重新实现 equals() 和 hashCode() 方法,始终和组合关键字在数据库中的概念保持一致

注意:在 Hibernate3 中,第二个要求并非是 Hibernate 强制必须的。但最好这样做。

不能使用一个 IdentifierGenerator 产生组合关键字。一个应用程序必须分配它自己的标识符。

具体做法如下步骤:

1.写一个包含表中联合主键的所有字段的类,作为主键类,实例如下:



package com.seed.lee.model;

/**
* 这个类作为Person类的(组合主键)主键类
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class PersonUionPKID implements java.io.Serializable {

private String firstName;

private String secondName;

public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}

public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}

public String getSecondName() {
return secondName;
}

public void setSecondName(String secondName) {
this.secondName = secondName;
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(obj instanceof PersonUionPKID){
PersonUionPKID pk=(PersonUionPKID)obj;
if(this.firstName.equals(pk.firstName)&&this.secondName.equals(pk.secondName)){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}

@Override
public int hashCode() {
return super.hashCode();
}

}





这里要特别注意,如hibernate API文档所述,主键类必须实现java.io.Serializable接口,而且推荐用自己的方法override equals() 和hashCode()方法,保证主键的唯一性.





2.再写一个类与表字段相当的类,这个类里面不一定要包含表主键的所有字段,实例如下:

package com.seed.lee.model;

public class Person {

PersonUionPKID uionPKID = new PersonUionPKID();

private int age;

private String sex;

private String job;

public PersonUionPKID getUionPKID() {
return uionPKID;
}

public void setUionPKID(PersonUionPKID uionPKID) {
this.uionPKID = uionPKID;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public String getSex() {
return sex;
}

public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}

public String getJob() {
return job;
}

public void setJob(String job) {
this.job = job;
}

}






3.配置hibernate配置文件,实例如下:

 
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">


















在使用annotation的时候,有三种方法来实现联合组建:
1.将组件类注解为@Embeddable,并将组件的属性注解为@Id
package com.seed.lee.model;

/**
* 这个类作为Person类的(组合主键)主键类
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@Embeddable
public class PersonUionPKID implements java.io.Serializable {

private String firstName;

private String secondName;

public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}

public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}

public String getSecondName() {
return secondName;
}

public void setSecondName(String secondName) {
this.secondName = secondName;
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(obj instanceof PersonUionPKID){
PersonUionPKID pk=(PersonUionPKID)obj;
if(this.firstName.equals(pk.firstName)&&this.secondName.equals(pk.secondName)){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}

@Override
public int hashCode() {
return super.hashCode();
}

}


package com.seed.lee.model;

public class Person {

PersonUionPKID uionPKID = new PersonUionPKID();

private int age;

private String sex;

private String job;

@Id
public PersonUionPKID getUionPKID() {
return uionPKID;
}


public void setUionPKID(PersonUionPKID uionPKID) {
this.uionPKID = uionPKID;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public String getSex() {
return sex;
}

public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}

public String getJob() {
return job;
}

public void setJob(String job) {
this.job = job;
}

}


2. 将组件的属性注解为@EmbeddedId

package com.seed.lee.model;

public class Person {

PersonUionPKID uionPKID = new PersonUionPKID();

private int age;

private String sex;

private String job;

@EmbeddedId
public PersonUionPKID getUionPKID() {
return uionPKID;
}


public void setUionPKID(PersonUionPKID uionPKID) {
this.uionPKID = uionPKID;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public String getSex() {
return sex;
}

public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}

public String getJob() {
return job;
}

public void setJob(String job) {
this.job = job;
}

}


3.将类注解为@IdClass,并将该实体中所有属于主键的属性都注解为@Id
package com.seed.lee.model;

@@IdClass(PersonUionPKID.class)
public class Person {

private String firstName;

private String secondName;

private int age;

private String sex;

private String job;

@Id
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}

public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}

@Id
public String getSecondName() {
return secondName;
}

public void setSecondName(String secondName) {
this.secondName = secondName;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

public String getSex() {
return sex;
}

public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}

public String getJob() {
return job;
}

public void setJob(String job) {
this.job = job;
}

}

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