Bash Reference Manual

Bash Reference Manual

http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/bash.html

1. Table of Contents

• 1 Introduction
  • 1.1 What is Bash?
  • 1.2 What is a shell?
• 2 Definitions
• 3 Basic Shell Features
  • 3.1 Shell Syntax
    • 3.1.1 Shell Operation
    • 3.1.2 Quoting
      • 3.1.2.1 Escape Character
      • 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes
      • 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes
      • 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting
      • 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation
    • 3.1.3 Comments
  • 3.2 Shell Commands
    • 3.2.1 Simple Commands
    • 3.2.2 Pipelines
    • 3.2.3 Lists of Commands
    • 3.2.4 Compound Commands
      • 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs
      • 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs
      • 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands
    • 3.2.5 Coprocesses
    • 3.2.6 GNU Parallel
  • 3.3 Shell Functions
  • 3.4 Shell Parameters
    • 3.4.1 Positional Parameters
    • 3.4.2 Special Parameters
  • 3.5 Shell Expansions
    • 3.5.1 Brace Expansion
    • 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion
    • 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion
    • 3.5.4 Command Substitution
    • 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion
    • 3.5.6 Process Substitution
    • 3.5.7 Word Splitting
    • 3.5.8 Filename Expansion
      • 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching
    • 3.5.9 Quote Removal
  • 3.6 Redirections
    • 3.6.1 Redirecting Input
    • 3.6.2 Redirecting Output
    • 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output
    • 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error
    • 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error
    • 3.6.6 Here Documents
    • 3.6.7 Here Strings
    • 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors
    • 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors
    • 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing
  • 3.7 Executing Commands
    • 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion
    • 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution
    • 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment
    • 3.7.4 Environment
    • 3.7.5 Exit Status
    • 3.7.6 Signals
  • 3.8 Shell Scripts
• 4 Shell Builtin Commands
  • 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins
  • 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands
  • 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior
    • 4.3.1 The Set Builtin
    • 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin
  • 4.4 Special Builtins
• 5 Shell Variables
  • 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables
  • 5.2 Bash Variables
• 6 Bash Features
  • 6.1 Invoking Bash
  • 6.2 Bash Startup Files
  • 6.3 Interactive Shells
    • 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?
    • 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?
    • 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior
  • 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions
  • 6.5 Shell Arithmetic
  • 6.6 Aliases
  • 6.7 Arrays
  • 6.8 The Directory Stack
    • 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins
  • 6.9 Controlling the Prompt
  • 6.10 The Restricted Shell
  • 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode
• 7 Job Control
  • 7.1 Job Control Basics
  • 7.2 Job Control Builtins
  • 7.3 Job Control Variables
• 8 Command Line Editing
  • 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing
  • 8.2 Readline Interaction
    • 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials
    • 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands
    • 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands
    • 8.2.4 Readline Arguments
    • 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History
  • 8.3 Readline Init File
    • 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax
    • 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs
    • 8.3.3 Sample Init File
  • 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands
    • 8.4.1 Commands For Moving
    • 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History
    • 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text
    • 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking
    • 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments
    • 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You
    • 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros
    • 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands
  • 8.5 Readline vi Mode
  • 8.6 Programmable Completion
  • 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins
  • 8.8 A Programmable Completion Example
• 9 Using History Interactively
  • 9.1 Bash History Facilities
  • 9.2 Bash History Builtins
  • 9.3 History Expansion
    • 9.3.1 Event Designators
    • 9.3.2 Word Designators
    • 9.3.3 Modifiers
• 10 Installing Bash
  • 10.1 Basic Installation
  • 10.2 Compilers and Options
  • 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures
  • 10.4 Installation Names
  • 10.5 Specifying the System Type
  • 10.6 Sharing Defaults
  • 10.7 Operation Controls
  • 10.8 Optional Features
• Appendix A Reporting Bugs
• Appendix B Major Differences From The Bourne Shell
  • B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell
• Appendix C GNU Free Documentation License
• Appendix D Indexes
  • D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands
  • D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words
  • D.3 Parameter and Variable Index
  • D.4 Function Index
  • D.5 Concept Index