Android Camera2拍照（一）——使用SurfaceView
Camera2 API简介
Android 从5.0（21）开始，引入了新的Camera API Camera2，原来的android.hardware.Camera被废弃(下面称为Camera1)，还有一个android.graphics.Camera，这个android.graphics.Camera不是用来照相的，是用来处理图像的，可以做出3D的图像效果之类的，之前的Camera1则由android.hardware.Camera代替。Camera2支持RAW输出，可以调节曝光，对焦模式，快门等，功能比原先Camera强大。
这里引用了管道的概念将安卓设备和摄像头之间联通起来，系统向摄像头发送 Capture 请求，而摄像头会返回 CameraMetadata。这一切建立在一个叫作 CameraCaptureSession 的会话中。
- CameraManaer 摄像头管理器，用于检测摄像头，打开系统摄像头，调用CameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(String)可以获取指定摄像头的相关特性
- CameraCharacteristics 摄像头的特性
- CameraDevice 摄像头，类似android.hardware.Camera也就是Camera1的Camera
- CameraCaptureSession 这个类控制摄像头的预览或者拍照，setRepeatingRequest()开启预览，capture()拍照，CameraCaptureSession提供了StateCallback、CaptureCallback两个接口来监听CameraCaptureSession的创建和拍照过程。
- CameraRequest和CameraRequest.Builder，预览或者拍照时，都需要一个CameraRequest对象。CameraRequest表示一次捕获请求，用来对照片的各种参数设置，比如对焦模式、曝光模式等。CameraRequest.Builder用来生成CameraRequest对象。
Camera2的简单使用（使用SurfaceView）
主要步骤：
- 获得摄像头管理器CameraManager mCameraManager，mCameraManager.openCamera()来打开摄像头
- 指定要打开的摄像头，并创建openCamera()所需要的CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback
- 在CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback中调用takePreview()，这个方法中，使用CaptureRequest.Builder创建预览需要的CameraRequest，并初始化了CameraCaptureSession，最后调用了setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, null, childHandler)进行了预览
- 点击拍照按钮，调用takePicture()，这个方法内，最终调用了capture(mCaptureRequest, null, childHandler)
- 在new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener(){}回调方法中，将拍照拿到的图片进行展示
package org.hunter.a361camera.view;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.ImageFormat;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraAccessException;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCaptureSession;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraCharacteristics;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraDevice;
import android.hardware.camera2.CameraManager;
import android.hardware.camera2.CaptureRequest;
import android.media.Image;
import android.media.ImageReader;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.SparseIntArray;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import org.hunter.a361camera.R;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import static android.os.Looper.getMainLooper;
/**
* Main UI for the statistics screen.
*/
public class CameraFragment extends Fragment {
public static final int REQUEST_CAMERA_CODE = 100;
public static final String PACKAGE = "package:";
private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
///为了使照片竖直显示
static {
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 90);
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 0);
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 270);
ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 180);
}
private SurfaceView mSurfaceView;
private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
private ImageView iv_show;
private ImageView mCatture;
private CameraManager mCameraManager;//摄像头管理器
private Handler childHandler, mainHandler;
private String mCameraID;//摄像头Id 0 为后 1 为前
private ImageReader mImageReader;
private CameraCaptureSession mCameraCaptureSession;
private CameraDevice mCameraDevice;
/**
* 摄像头创建监听
*/
private CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
@Override
public void onOpened(CameraDevice camera) {//打开摄像头
mCameraDevice = camera;
//开启预览
takePreview();
}
@Override
public void onDisconnected(CameraDevice camera) {//关闭摄像头
if (null != mCameraDevice) {
mCameraDevice.close();
CameraFragment.this.mCameraDevice = null;
}
}
@Override
public void onError(CameraDevice camera, int error) {//发生错误
Toast.makeText(getContext(), "摄像头开启失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
public static CameraFragment newInstance() {
return new CameraFragment();
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.camera_frag, container, false);
initVIew(root);
initListener();
return root;
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
}
/**
* 初始化
*/
private void initVIew(View root) {
iv_show = (ImageView) root.findViewById(R.id.iv_show_camera2);
//mSurfaceView
mSurfaceView = (SurfaceView) root.findViewById(R.id.surface_view_camera2);
mCatture = (ImageView) root.findViewById(R.id.capture);
mSurfaceHolder = mSurfaceView.getHolder();
mSurfaceHolder.setKeepScreenOn(true);
// mSurfaceView添加回调
mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(new SurfaceHolder.Callback() {
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { //SurfaceView创建
// 初始化Camera
initCamera2();
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { //SurfaceView销毁
// 释放Camera资源
if (null != mCameraDevice) {
mCameraDevice.close();
CameraFragment.this.mCameraDevice = null;
}
}
});
}
/**
* 初始化Camera2
*/
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private void initCamera2() {
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("Camera2");
handlerThread.start();
childHandler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());
mainHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper());
mCameraID = "" + CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT;//后摄像头
mImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(1080, 1920, ImageFormat.JPEG, 1);
mImageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() { //可以在这里处理拍照得到的临时照片 例如，写入本地
@Override
public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
//mCameraDevice.close();
// 拿到拍照照片数据
Image image = reader.acquireNextImage();
ByteBuffer buffer = image.getPlanes()[0].getBuffer();
byte[] bytes = new byte[buffer.remaining()];
buffer.get(bytes);//由缓冲区存入字节数组
final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
if (bitmap != null) {
iv_show.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
}
}
}, mainHandler);
//获取摄像头管理
mCameraManager = (CameraManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
try {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(getContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//申请WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA},
REQUEST_CAMERA_CODE);
//return;
} else {
//打开摄像头
mCameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, stateCallback, mainHandler);
}
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CAMERA_CODE) {
if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// Permission Granted
try {
mCameraManager.openCamera(mCameraID, stateCallback, mainHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
// Permission Denied
}
}
}
/**
* 开始预览
*/
private void takePreview() {
try {
// 创建预览需要的CaptureRequest.Builder
final CaptureRequest.Builder previewRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
// 将SurfaceView的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标
previewRequestBuilder.addTarget(mSurfaceHolder.getSurface());
// 创建CameraCaptureSession，该对象负责管理处理预览请求和拍照请求
mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(mSurfaceHolder.getSurface(), mImageReader.getSurface()), new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() // ③
{
@Override
public void onConfigured(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
if (null == mCameraDevice) return;
// 当摄像头已经准备好时，开始显示预览
mCameraCaptureSession = cameraCaptureSession;
try {
// 自动对焦
previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
// 打开闪光灯
previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH);
// 显示预览
CaptureRequest previewRequest = previewRequestBuilder.build();
mCameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, null, childHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onConfigureFailed(CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
Toast.makeText(getContext(), "配置失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}, childHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 拍照
*/
private void takePicture() {
if (mCameraDevice == null) return;
// 创建拍照需要的CaptureRequest.Builder
final CaptureRequest.Builder captureRequestBuilder;
try {
captureRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE);
// 将imageReader的surface作为CaptureRequest.Builder的目标
captureRequestBuilder.addTarget(mImageReader.getSurface());
// 自动对焦
captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
// 自动曝光
captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON_AUTO_FLASH);
// 获取手机方向
int rotation = getActivity().getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
// 根据设备方向计算设置照片的方向
captureRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION, ORIENTATIONS.get(rotation));
//拍照
CaptureRequest mCaptureRequest = captureRequestBuilder.build();
mCameraCaptureSession.capture(mCaptureRequest, null, childHandler);
} catch (CameraAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void initListener() {
mCatture.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
takePicture();
}
});
}
}
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