TCP连接状态管理

TCP协议连接初始化后的状态管理和切换由tcp_rcv_sate_preocess函数完成,tcp_v4_recevie函数收到数据包后查看TCP协议头,区分是只含纯传送负载数据还是包含控制信息SYN、FIN、RST、ACK等的数据包。各种状态的数据包处理过程大部分在tcp_rcv_state_process函数中完成,除ESTABLISHE和TIME_WAIT这两个状态外。数据包到达后如果是CLOSED状态就扔掉。

1、从LINSTEN到SYN_RECV

处于LINSTEN状态表名套接字是一个服务器,在等待一个连接请求,这时TCP协议收到的各种标志数据包处理如下:

ACK:发送连接复位。

RST:连接由客户端复位,扔掉数据包。

SYN:客户端发送一个连接请求,调用icsk_af_ops->conne_rquest实际指向函数tcp_v4_conn_request,初始化序列号、发送SYN             和ACK标志给客户端,将TCP状态设置为TCP_SYN_RECV。

其他数据包:这时连接还没建立,就扔掉。

int tcp_rcv_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
			  struct tcphdr *th, unsigned len)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	int queued = 0;
	int res;

	tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 0;

	switch (sk->sk_state) {
		//状态是CLOSE直接扔掉数据包
	case TCP_CLOSE:
		goto discard;

	//表名套接字是一个服务器
	case TCP_LISTEN:
		//收到ACK包返回1,发送连接复位
		if (th->ack)
			return 1;
		//收到RST包直接扔掉
		if (th->rst)
			goto discard;

		if (th->syn) {
			//处理连接请求,实际调用tcp_v4_conn_request
			//回复对端ACK SYN包
			if (icsk->icsk_af_ops->conn_request(sk, skb) < 0)
				return 1;
			kfree_skb(skb);
			return 0;
		}
		goto discard;

...

}

2、SYN_SENT到ESTABLISHED

套接字状态是SYN_SENT,表名套接字是一个客户单,它发送了SYN包,在等待服务器的SYN和ACK包,以确保状态转换到ESTABLISHED

...

	//表明是个客户端
	case TCP_SYN_SENT:
		//处理成功从SYN_SET切换到ESTABLISHED
		queued = tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(sk, skb, th, len);
		if (queued >= 0)
			return queued;

		/* Do step6 onward by hand. */
		tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);
		__kfree_skb(skb);
		tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
		return 0;

...

(1)收到ACK

tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process函数会对数据包和TCP协议头进行检验,如果数据包合法而且设置了正确的ACK标志,就把套接字状态切换到ESTABLISHED。

static int tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
					 struct tcphdr *th, unsigned len)
{
...

        //收到ACK且数据包合法,切换到ESTABLISHED状态
		tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED);

....

}

(2)收到连接复位

如果收到连接复位请求,则复位连接并扔掉数据包。

static int tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
					 struct tcphdr *th, unsigned len)
{

...

        //收到连接复位,复位连接,并扔掉数据包
		if (th->rst) {
			tcp_reset(sk);
			goto discard;
		}

...

}

(3)没有SYN标志

如果数据包没有SYN标志,就扔掉。

static int tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
					 struct tcphdr *th, unsigned len)
{

...

       //没有SYN标志扔掉数据包
		if (!th->syn)
			goto discard_and_undo;

...

}

(4)tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process返回值

tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process返回一个负值,表明数据段中还有数据等待处理,处理查看URG标志外不做任何处理。

...

//处理成功从SYN_SET切换到ESTABLISHED
		queued = tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(sk, skb, th, len);
		if (queued >= 0)
			return queued;

		/* Do step6 onward by hand. */
		tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);
		__kfree_skb(skb);
		tcp_data_snd_check(sk);

...

到目前位置处理了SYN_SENT、LINSTEN、CLOSE这三个状态的套接字,其他状态在接下来处理。

3、数据包有效性检查

数据包的有效性检查由函数tcp_validate_incoming完成,按照RFC793规范进行。

(1)、序列号检查

tcp_sequence函数检查序列号是否在窗口范围内,如果超出了当前窗口就扔掉数据包。

static int tcp_validate_incoming(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
			      struct tcphdr *th, int syn_inerr)
{

...

/* Step 1: check sequence number */
	//第一步序列号检查
	if (!tcp_sequence(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq)) {
		/* RFC793, page 37: "In all states except SYN-SENT, all reset
		 * (RST) segments are validated by checking their SEQ-fields."
		 * And page 69: "If an incoming segment is not acceptable,
		 * an acknowledgment should be sent in reply (unless the RST
		 * bit is set, if so drop the segment and return)".
		 */
		 //函数复位标志RST直接扔掉数据包并返回
		if (!th->rst)
			tcp_send_dupack(sk, skb);
		goto discard;
	}

...

}

(2)复位连接标志

如果数据包有复位连接标志RST,就复位连接,并扔掉数据包。

static int tcp_validate_incoming(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
			      struct tcphdr *th, int syn_inerr)
{

...

    //如果有复位标志RST则复位连接,扔掉数据包
	/* Step 2: check RST bit */
	if (th->rst) {
		tcp_reset(sk);
		goto discard;
	}


...

}

(3)检查SYN是否在窗口范围内

static int tcp_validate_incoming(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
			      struct tcphdr *th, int syn_inerr)
{

...

    //如果是SYN,查看序列号是否在当前窗口范围内
	/* step 4: Check for a SYN in window. */
	if (th->syn && !before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
		if (syn_inerr)
			TCP_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), TCP_MIB_INERRS);
		NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONSYN);
		tcp_reset(sk);
		return -1;
	}

...

}

4、数据包有效:有ACK标志

(1)TCP_SYN_RECV

如果收到ACK标志数据包,而且套接字状态处于SYN_RECV,这时最大可能是处于被迫打开状态,应切换到ESTABLISH状态,计算RTT,如果接受到的ACK数据包中有时间戳选项,RTT基于时间戳计算,RTT的值保存在struct tcp_sock数据结构的srtt数据域中,重新构建协议头

...

/* step 5: check the ACK field */
	if (th->ack) {
		int acceptable = tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_SLOWPATH) > 0;

		switch (sk->sk_state) {
		//收到ACK,连接状态处于SYN_RECV,这时处于被迫打开的状态
		//状态切换到ESTABLISHE
		case TCP_SYN_RECV:
			if (acceptable) {
				tp->copied_seq = tp->rcv_nxt;
				smp_mb();
				tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED);
				sk->sk_state_change(sk);

				/* Note, that this wakeup is only for marginal
				 * crossed SYN case. Passively open sockets
				 * are not waked up, because sk->sk_sleep ==
				 * NULL and sk->sk_socket == NULL.
				 */
				 //唤醒套接字
				if (sk->sk_socket)
					sk_wake_async(sk,
						      SOCK_WAKE_IO, POLL_OUT);

				tp->snd_una = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq;
				tp->snd_wnd = ntohs(th->window) <<
					      tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale;
				tcp_init_wl(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);

				/* tcp_ack considers this ACK as duplicate
				 * and does not calculate rtt.
				 * Force it here.
				 */
				 //计算RTT
				tcp_ack_update_rtt(sk, 0, 0);

				if (tp->rx_opt.tstamp_ok)
					tp->advmss -= TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;

				/* Make sure socket is routed, for
				 * correct metrics.
				 */
				 //重新构建TCP头部
				icsk->icsk_af_ops->rebuild_header(sk);

				//初始化套接字某些字段
				tcp_init_metrics(sk);

				tcp_init_congestion_control(sk);

				/* Prevent spurious tcp_cwnd_restart() on
				 * first data packet.
				 */
				tp->lsndtime = tcp_time_stamp;

				tcp_mtup_init(sk);
				//套接字上的预留缓冲区基于收到的MSS值来确定
				//初始化窗口大小一个猜测值
				tcp_initialize_rcv_mss(sk);
               //为套接字预留缓冲区空间
				tcp_init_buffer_space(sk);
                //计算struc tcp_sock数据结构上的pred_flags数据域
                //该数据域决定是否应交给Fast Path处理
				tcp_fast_path_on(tp);
			} else {
				return 1;
			}
			break;

...

(2)FIN_WAIT_1

如果套接字状态处于FIN_WAIT_1收到一个ACK包,套接字状态就会切换到FIN_WAIT_2,同时设置套接字的shutdown数据域的值为SEND_SHUTDOWN,指明随后套接字切换成CLOSED状态时应向站点发送包含RST的数据包shutdown。

处理TCP选项:

TCP_LINGER2选项:决定套接字进入CLOSED状态之前,需要在FIN_WAIT_2状态上等待多长时间,他的值保存在struct                                              tcp_sock tp->linger2数据域中,如果linger2为负值,则套接字立即切换到CLOSED状态,不经过                                                    FIN_WAIT_2和TIMEI_WAIT状态。

keepalive选项:keepalive时钟超时的情况要被复位。

如果收到ACK数据包是最后一个回答FIN,或套接字被其他进程锁定,则复位keepalive时钟,如果不这么做就会丢失FIN。

....

case TCP_FIN_WAIT1:
			//FIN_WAIT1状态收到ACK切换到FIN_WAIT2
			if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
				tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2);
				//设置shutdown数据域为SEND_SHUTDOWN
				//指明套接字切换成CLOSED要发送RST数据包
				sk->sk_shutdown |= SEND_SHUTDOWN;
				dst_confirm(__sk_dst_get(sk));

				if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD))
					/* Wake up lingering close() */
					sk->sk_state_change(sk);
				else {
                    //不是一个死套接字
					int tmo;

					//决定套接字进入CLOSED状态前要在FIN_WAIT2状态等待多长时间
					//这个时间保存在tp->linger2,如果linger2小于0,则套接字立即从
					//FIN_WAIT1切换到CLISED,不经过FIN_WAIT2
					if (tp->linger2 < 0 ||
					    (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
					     after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - th->fin, tp->rcv_nxt))) {
						tcp_done(sk);
						NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONDATA);
						return 1;
					}

					tmo = tcp_fin_time(sk);
					
					if (tmo > TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN) {
						//keepalive时钟超时情况下被复位
						inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, tmo - TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN);
					} else if (th->fin || sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
						/* Bad case. We could lose such FIN otherwise.
						 * It is not a big problem, but it looks confusing
						 * and not so rare event. We still can lose it now,
						 * if it spins in bh_lock_sock(), but it is really
						 * marginal case.
						 */
						 //收到的ACK是最后一个回答FIN
						 //或者套接字被其他进程锁定就要复位时钟
						inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, tmo);
					} else {
						//复制进入FIN_WAIT2
						tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2, tmo);
						goto discard;
					}
				}
			}
			break;

...

(3)CLOSING

收到ACK后套接字直接进入TIME_WAIT状态,说明对端没有数据向外发送了。

...

case TCP_CLOSING:
			//TCP_CLOSING收到ACK直接进入TIME_WAIT,
			//表名对端没有向外发送数据了
			if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
				tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_TIME_WAIT, 0);
				goto discard;
			}
			break;

...

(4)LAST_ACK

套接字被迫关闭,响应应用程序close,收到ACK就关闭套接字,所以调用tcp_done。

...

case TCP_LAST_ACK:
			//套接字被迫关闭,这个状态收到ACK就可以关闭套接字
			//所以调用tcp_done关闭套接字
			if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
				tcp_update_metrics(sk);
				tcp_done(sk);
				goto discard;
			}
			break;

...

5、处理段中的数据内容

以下5中状态多要将数据段放入队列中:case TCP_CLOSE_WAIT、TCP_CLOSING、TCP_LAST_ACK、TCP_FIN_WAIT1、TCP_FIN_WAIT2并发送一个复位。

...

//以下几种状态是可以接受数据的
	//处理数据包
	/* step 7: process the segment text */
	switch (sk->sk_state) {
	case TCP_CLOSE_WAIT:
	case TCP_CLOSING:
	case TCP_LAST_ACK:
		if (!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt))
			break;
	case TCP_FIN_WAIT1:
	case TCP_FIN_WAIT2:
		/* RFC 793 says to queue data in these states,
		 * RFC 1122 says we MUST send a reset.
		 * BSD 4.4 also does reset.
		 */
		if (sk->sk_shutdown & RCV_SHUTDOWN) {
			if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
			    after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - th->fin, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
				NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONDATA);
				tcp_reset(sk);
				return 1;
			}
		}
		/* Fall through */

...

6、ESTABLISHED状态处理

套接字状态为ESTABLISHED状态是可以收到常规数据段的,它调用tcp_data_queue函数将数据段放入套接字输入缓冲区队列中。

tcp_rcv_state_process完整代码:

int tcp_rcv_state_process(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
			  struct tcphdr *th, unsigned len)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	int queued = 0;
	int res;

	tp->rx_opt.saw_tstamp = 0;

	switch (sk->sk_state) {
		//状态是CLOSE直接扔掉数据包
	case TCP_CLOSE:
		goto discard;

	//表名套接字是一个服务器
	case TCP_LISTEN:
		//收到ACK包返回1,发送连接复位
		if (th->ack)
			return 1;
		//收到RST包直接扔掉
		if (th->rst)
			goto discard;

		if (th->syn) {
			//处理连接请求,实际调用tcp_v4_conn_request
			//回复对端ACK SYN包
			if (icsk->icsk_af_ops->conn_request(sk, skb) < 0)
				return 1;

			/* Now we have several options: In theory there is
			 * nothing else in the frame. KA9Q has an option to
			 * send data with the syn, BSD accepts data with the
			 * syn up to the [to be] advertised window and
			 * Solaris 2.1 gives you a protocol error. For now
			 * we just ignore it, that fits the spec precisely
			 * and avoids incompatibilities. It would be nice in
			 * future to drop through and process the data.
			 *
			 * Now that TTCP is starting to be used we ought to
			 * queue this data.
			 * But, this leaves one open to an easy denial of
			 * service attack, and SYN cookies can't defend
			 * against this problem. So, we drop the data
			 * in the interest of security over speed unless
			 * it's still in use.
			 */
			kfree_skb(skb);
			return 0;
		}
		goto discard;
	//表明是个客户端
	case TCP_SYN_SENT:
		//处理成功从SYN_SET切换到ESTABLISHED
		queued = tcp_rcv_synsent_state_process(sk, skb, th, len);
		if (queued >= 0)
			return queued;

		/* Do step6 onward by hand. */
		tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);
		__kfree_skb(skb);
		tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
		return 0;
	}

	//对数据包检查
	res = tcp_validate_incoming(sk, skb, th, 0);
	if (res <= 0)
		return -res;

	/* step 5: check the ACK field */
	if (th->ack) {
		int acceptable = tcp_ack(sk, skb, FLAG_SLOWPATH) > 0;

		switch (sk->sk_state) {
		//收到ACK,连接状态处于SYN_RECV,这时处于被迫打开的状态
		//状态切换到ESTABLISHE
		case TCP_SYN_RECV:
			if (acceptable) {
				tp->copied_seq = tp->rcv_nxt;
				smp_mb();
				tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_ESTABLISHED);
				sk->sk_state_change(sk);

				/* Note, that this wakeup is only for marginal
				 * crossed SYN case. Passively open sockets
				 * are not waked up, because sk->sk_sleep ==
				 * NULL and sk->sk_socket == NULL.
				 */
				 //唤醒套接字
				if (sk->sk_socket)
					sk_wake_async(sk,
						      SOCK_WAKE_IO, POLL_OUT);

				tp->snd_una = TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->ack_seq;
				tp->snd_wnd = ntohs(th->window) <<
					      tp->rx_opt.snd_wscale;
				tcp_init_wl(tp, TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq);

				/* tcp_ack considers this ACK as duplicate
				 * and does not calculate rtt.
				 * Force it here.
				 */
				 //计算RTT
				tcp_ack_update_rtt(sk, 0, 0);

				if (tp->rx_opt.tstamp_ok)
					tp->advmss -= TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_ALIGNED;

				/* Make sure socket is routed, for
				 * correct metrics.
				 */
				 //重新构建TCP头部
				icsk->icsk_af_ops->rebuild_header(sk);

				//初始化套接字某些字段
				tcp_init_metrics(sk);

				tcp_init_congestion_control(sk);

				/* Prevent spurious tcp_cwnd_restart() on
				 * first data packet.
				 */
				tp->lsndtime = tcp_time_stamp;

				tcp_mtup_init(sk);
				//套接字上的预留缓冲区基于收到的MSS值来确定
				//初始化窗口大小一个猜测值
				tcp_initialize_rcv_mss(sk);
				tcp_init_buffer_space(sk);
				tcp_fast_path_on(tp);
			} else {
				return 1;
			}
			break;

		case TCP_FIN_WAIT1:
			//FIN_WAIT1状态收到ACK切换到FIN_WAIT2
			if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
				tcp_set_state(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2);
				//设置shutdown数据域为SEND_SHUTDOWN
				//指明套接字切换成CLOSED要发送RST数据包
				sk->sk_shutdown |= SEND_SHUTDOWN;
				dst_confirm(__sk_dst_get(sk));

				if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD))
					/* Wake up lingering close() */
					sk->sk_state_change(sk);
				else {
					int tmo;

					//决定套接字进入CLOSED状态前要在FIN_WAIT2状态等待多长时间
					//这个时间保存在tp->linger2,如果linger2小于0,则套接字立即从
					//FIN_WAIT1切换到CLISED,不经过FIN_WAIT2
					if (tp->linger2 < 0 ||
					    (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
					     after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - th->fin, tp->rcv_nxt))) {
						tcp_done(sk);
						NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONDATA);
						return 1;
					}

					tmo = tcp_fin_time(sk);
					
					if (tmo > TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN) {
						//keepalive时钟超时情况下被复位
						inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, tmo - TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN);
					} else if (th->fin || sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
						/* Bad case. We could lose such FIN otherwise.
						 * It is not a big problem, but it looks confusing
						 * and not so rare event. We still can lose it now,
						 * if it spins in bh_lock_sock(), but it is really
						 * marginal case.
						 */
						 //收到的ACK是最后一个回答FIN
						 //或者套接字被其他进程锁定就要复位时钟
						inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, tmo);
					} else {
						//复制进入FIN_WAIT2
						tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2, tmo);
						goto discard;
					}
				}
			}
			break;

		case TCP_CLOSING:
			//TCP_CLOSING收到ACK直接进入TIME_WAIT,
			//表名对端没有向外发送数据了
			if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
				tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_TIME_WAIT, 0);
				goto discard;
			}
			break;

		case TCP_LAST_ACK:
			//套接字被迫关闭,这个状态收到ACK就可以关闭套接字
			//所以调用tcp_done关闭套接字
			if (tp->snd_una == tp->write_seq) {
				tcp_update_metrics(sk);
				tcp_done(sk);
				goto discard;
			}
			break;
		}
	} else
		goto discard;

	/* step 6: check the URG bit */
	tcp_urg(sk, skb, th);

	//以下几种状态是可以接受数据的
	//处理数据包
	/* step 7: process the segment text */
	switch (sk->sk_state) {
	case TCP_CLOSE_WAIT:
	case TCP_CLOSING:
	case TCP_LAST_ACK:
		if (!before(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq, tp->rcv_nxt))
			break;
	case TCP_FIN_WAIT1:
	case TCP_FIN_WAIT2:
		/* RFC 793 says to queue data in these states,
		 * RFC 1122 says we MUST send a reset.
		 * BSD 4.4 also does reset.
		 */
		if (sk->sk_shutdown & RCV_SHUTDOWN) {
			if (TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq != TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->seq &&
			    after(TCP_SKB_CB(skb)->end_seq - th->fin, tp->rcv_nxt)) {
				NET_INC_STATS_BH(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONDATA);
				tcp_reset(sk);
				return 1;
			}
		}
		/* Fall through */
	case TCP_ESTABLISHED:
		tcp_data_queue(sk, skb);
		queued = 1;
		break;
	}

	/* tcp_data could move socket to TIME-WAIT */
	if (sk->sk_state != TCP_CLOSE) {
		tcp_data_snd_check(sk);
		tcp_ack_snd_check(sk);
	}

	if (!queued) {
discard:
		__kfree_skb(skb);
	}
	return 0;
}

 

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