JDBC简单的优化连接数据库

知识点:
1、JDBC(Java Data Base Connectivity,java数据库连接),由一些接口和类构成的API。J2SE的一部分,由java.sql,javax.sql包组成。

2、连接数据库步骤:(6部曲)

a、注册驱动 (只做一次):

Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”);
    推荐这种方式,不会对具体的驱动类产生依赖。
DriverManager.registerDriver(com.mysql.jdbc.Driver);
    会造成DriverManager中产生两个一样的驱动,并会对具体的驱动类产生依赖。
System.setProperty(“jdbc.drivers”, “driver1:driver2”);
    虽然不会对具体的驱动类产生依赖;但注册不太方便,所以很少使用。

b、建立连接(Connection) :

Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
url格式:
    JDBC:子协议:子名称//主机名:端口/数据库名?属性名=属性值&…
User,password可以用“属性名=属性值”方式告诉数据库;
其他参数如:useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=GBK

c、创建执行SQL的语句(Statement):
d、执行语句:

Statement
     Statement st = conn.createStatement();
    st.executeQuery(sql);
PreparedStatement
    String sql = “select * from table_name where col_name=?”;
    PreparedStatement ps = conn.preparedStatement(sql);
    ps.setString(1, “col_value”);
    ps.executeQuery();

e、处理执行结果(ResultSet):

ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery(sql);
While(rs.next()){
    rs.getString(“col_name”);
    rs.getInt(“col_name”);
    //…
}

f、释放资源:

释放ResultSet, Statement,Connection.
数据库连接(Connection)是非常稀有的资源,用完后必须马上释放,如果Connection不能及时正确的关闭将导致系统宕机。Connection的使用原则是尽量晚创建,尽量早的释放

1、Test.java(简单连接入门还有不足)

package com.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverAction;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        demo();
    }

    static void demo() throws SQLException, ClassNotFoundException {

        // 1、下面是三种注册驱动的方法,(推荐第二种)

        // DriverManager.registerDriver(new com.mysql.jdbc.Driver());
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        // System.setProperty("jdbc,drivers", "com.mysql.jdbc.driver");

        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ghq";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "admin";
        // 2、建立连接
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        // 3、创建语句
        Statement st = conn.createStatement();
        // 4、执行语句
        String sql = "select * from mytest";
        ResultSet re = st.executeQuery(sql);

        // 打印输出语句
        while (re.next()) {
            System.out.println(re.getInt("id") + re.getString("name") + re.getInt("age") + re.getDate("birthday"));

        }
        // 关闭资源
        re.close();
        st.close();
        conn.close();
    }

}

2、建立jdbc的工具类(JdbcUtil.java)

package com.jdbc.util;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class JdbcUtil {
    private static String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ghq";
    private static String user = "root";
    private static String password = "admin";


    //静态代码块在加载虚拟机时只被虚拟机加载一次
    static void demo() {
        try {
            //注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError();
        }
    }
    //建立连接
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    }

    //关闭资源(原则是后放进的先关闭)
    public static void closeTest(Connection conn, Statement st, ResultSet re) {
        //要用finally保证每个资都关闭
        try {
            //判断re是否为空
            if (re != null)
                re.close();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (st != null)
                    st.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    if (conn != null)
                        conn.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2.1、CRUD.java(增删改查)

package com.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import com.jdbc.util.JdbcUtil;

public class CRUD {

    private static String Csql = "insert into mytest(id,name,age,birthday) values ('4','woaini',20,'2008/09/09')";
    private static String Dsql = "delete from mytest where id > 3";
    private static String Usql = "update mytest set name = 'guanhuaqin' where id = 3";
    private static String Rsql = "select id,name,age,birthday from mytest";

    private static String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ghq";
    private static String user = "root";
    private static String password = "admin";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // create();
        // delete();
        // update();
        read();
    }

    // 增加数据
    static void create() {

        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            st = conn.createStatement();
            // 返回的是关联到的数据条数
            int i = st.executeUpdate(Csql);
            System.out.println("i = " + i);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, st, re);
        }
    }

    //删除数据
    static void delete() {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet re = null;
        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            st = conn.createStatement();
            int i = st.executeUpdate(Dsql);

            System.out.println(" i = " + i);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, st, re);
        }
    }

    //更新数据
    static void update() {

        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            st = conn.createStatement();
            int i = st.executeUpdate(Usql);
            System.out.println("i = " + i);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {

            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, st, re);

        }
    }

    //查找数据
    static void read() {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement st = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            st = conn.createStatement();
            re = st.executeQuery(Rsql);
            while (re.next()) {
                System.out
                        .println(re.getInt("id") + re.getString("name") + re.getInt("age") + re.getString("birthday"));
            }

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, st, re);

        }

    }

}

2.2、SQLCRUD.java(对上面的例子优化)
优点:
1、解决了SQL注入问题
2、实现了简单的动态操作

package com.jdbc;

import com.jdbc.util.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;

public class SQLJdbcTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

        // 计算运行时间
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        // sqlRead("zhangsan");
        // sqlCreate("aaa", 100, new Date("2018/10/20"));
        // sqlUpdate("bbb");
        sqlDelete("bbb");

        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("所用的时间是:" + (end - start));
    }

    // 查看指点的数据
    static void sqlRead(String name) {
        String sql = "select id,name,age,birthday from test where name = ?";

        Connection conn = null;
        // 解决注入的问题
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            // 解决SQL注入问题:实现动态注入
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            // "1" 是指 第一个参数,name是要查的值。既是给占位符赋值
            ps.setString(1, name);
            // 下面添加sql,如果添加了会报错
            re = ps.executeQuery();
            while (re.next()) {
                System.out.println(re.getInt("id") + "\t" + re.getString("name") + "\t" + re.getInt("age") + "\t"
                        + re.getString("birthday"));
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, ps, re);
        }
    }

    // 增加数据
    static void sqlCreate(String name, int age, Date birthday) {

        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            String sql = "insert into test(name,age,birthday) values (?,?,?)";
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

            ps.setString(1, name);
            ps.setInt(2, age);
            // 在util包下new date对象获得他的时间,在传给sql包下的Date。
            /*
             * ava.util.Date 就是在除了SQL语句的情况下面使用 java.sql.Date
             * 是针对SQL语句使用的,它只包含日期而没有时间部分 它都有getTime方法返回毫秒数,自然就可以直接构建。
             * java.util.Date 是 java.sql.Date 的父类(注意拼写)
             * 前者是常用的表示时间的类,我们通常格式化或者得到当前时间都是用他
             * 后者之后在读写数据库的时候用他,因为PreparedStament的setDate()
             * 的第2参数和ResultSet的getDate()方法的第2个参数都是java.sql.Date 转换是
             * java.sql.Date date=new Java.sql.Date(); java.util.Date d=new
             * java.util.Date (date.getTime());
             */
            ps.setDate(3, new java.sql.Date(birthday.getTime()));

            int i = ps.executeUpdate();
            System.out.println("i = " + i);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {

            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, ps, re);
        }
    }

    //更新数据
    static void sqlUpdate(String name) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            String sql = "update test set name=? where id>7";
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1, name);

            int i = ps.executeUpdate();

            System.out.println("i = " + i);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, ps, re);
        }

    }

    //删除数据
    static void sqlDelete(String name) {

        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement ps = null;
        ResultSet re = null;

        try {
            String sql = "delete from test where name = ?";
            conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            ps.setString(1, name);

            int i = ps.executeUpdate();

            System.out.println("i = " + i);

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            JdbcUtil.closeTest(conn, ps, re);
        }

    }

}

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