oracle sqlplus命令详解（官方示例）
以为内容选自Oracle官方文档，只讲command-line：
规范：<变量名> , {举例} , a | b 枚举可选值，（XX）描述
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1、glogin.sql常用脚本（配置sqlplus command line）：
-- To change the SQL*Plus prompt to display the current user,
-- connection identifier and current time.
-- First set the database date format to show the time.
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS';
-- SET the SQLPROMPT to include the _USER, _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER
-- and _DATE variables.
SET SQLPROMPT "_USER'@'_CONNECT_IDENTIFIER> "
-- To set the number of lines to display in a report page to 24.
SET PAGESIZE 24
-- To set the number of characters to display on each report line to 78.
SET LINESIZE 78
-- To set the number format used in a report to $99,999.
--SET NUMFORMAT $99,999
--SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
2、常用命令：
--sqlplus xxx@xxx 登陆sqlplus
--exit 退出
--CTRL+C 强制中断会话
--help index 调出sqlplus帮助索引界面
{
}
--? | help
--@
--@@
--/ 执行最近脚本
--accept 接受用户输入行存储到替代变量中
{
ACCEPT pswd CHAR PROMPT 'Password: ' HIDE}
--append 向当前SQL行追加文本
{
HR@orcl> list
1 select employee_id, last_name from employees
2*
HR@orcl> append where salary > 12000
2* where salary > 12000
HR@orcl> list
1 select employee_id, last_name from employees
2* where salary > 12000}
--achive log 查看和管理归档信息
--attribute 设置object类型column属性
{
ATTRIBUTE EMPLOYEE_TYPE.LAST_NAME FORMAT A20}
--break 分开重复列
{
HR@orcl> BREAK ON DEPARTMENT_ID;
HR@orcl> SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID, LAST_NAME, SALARY
2 FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
3 WHERE SALARY > 12000
4 ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID;
DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
------------- ------------------------- ----------
20 Hartstein 13000
80 Russell 14000
Partners 13500
90 King 24000
Kochhar 17000
De Haan 17000
100 Greenberg 12008
110 Higgins 12008HR@orcl> CLEAR BREAKSbreaks 已清除}
--COLUMN 命令集 改变列格式
{
COLUMN SALARY FORMAT $99,999 --设置数字显示格式
COLUMN LAST_NAME FORMAT A10 --设置LAST_NAME列每行显示10个字符
COLUMN COMMISSION_PCT LIKE SALARY HEADING BONUS --LIKE通知SQLPLUS COPY之前定义好的列SALARY属性
COLUMN column_name CLEAR --清楚已设置列属性
CLEAR COLUMNS --重设所有列属性
} --compute 运算查询结果集
{
COLUMN DUMMY NOPRINT;
COMPUTE SUM OF SALARY ON DUMMY;
BREAK ON DUMMY SKIP 1;
SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID DUMMY,DEPARTMENT_ID, LAST_NAME, SALARY
FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
WHERE SALARY>12000
ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID;COLUMN DUMMY NOPRINT;
COMPUTE SUM OF SALARY ON DUMMY;
BREAK ON DUMMY;
SELECT NULL DUMMY,DEPARTMENT_ID, LAST_NAME, SALARY
FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
WHERE SALARY>12000
ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID;CLEAR COMPUTES
--change err/correct 修改错误代码
{
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, JO_ID, SALARY
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00904: "JO_ID": 标识符无效
HR@orcl> list 1
1* SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, JO_ID, SALARY
HR@orcl> change /jo_id/job_id
1* SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, job_id, SALARY
HR@orcl> l
1 SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, job_id, SALARY
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3* WHERE SALARY>12000}
--connect | conn 会话中切换连接命令，如conn hr/hr@orcl
--disconnect 断开连接
--clear buffer 清空sql buffer
--clear screen 清空screen
--copy
--define
{
HR@orcl> define l_name = "SMITH"
HR@orcl> define --列出所有替代变量
DEFINE _DATE = "2014-02-13 03:47:00" (CHAR)
DEFINE _CONNECT_IDENTIFIER = "orcl" (CHAR)
DEFINE _USER = "HR" (CHAR)
DEFINE _PRIVILEGE = "" (CHAR)
DEFINE _SQLPLUS_RELEASE = "1102000100" (CHAR)
DEFINE _EDITOR = "Notepad" (CHAR)
DEFINE _O_VERSION = "Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.
1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options" (
CHAR)
DEFINE _O_RELEASE = "1102000100" (CHAR)
DEFINE _RC = "0" (CHAR)
DEFINE L_NAME = "SMITH" (CHAR)
HR@orcl> undefine l_name }
--undefine 取消替代变量
--describle/desc
--del
{
HR@orcl> del 3
HR@orcl> list
1 SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, job_id, SALARY
2* FROM EMPLOYEES
HR@orcl> del
HR@orcl> list
1* SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, job_id, SALARYHR@orcl> del
HR@orcl> list
SP2-0223: SQL 缓冲区中不存在行。}
--edit | ed 创建或编辑sql 脚本
--execute
--get
{
HR@orcl> get c:\myfile
1* select sysdate from dual;
HR@orcl> list
1* select sysdate from dual;
HR@orcl>}
--save
--host
--input 追加新行enter a new line
{
HR@orcl> LIST
1 SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, JOB_ID, SALARY
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3* WHERE JOB_ID='SA_MAN'
HR@orcl> input
4 ORDER BY SALARY
5
HR@orcl> l
1 SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, JOB_ID, SALARY
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3 WHERE JOB_ID='SA_MAN'
4* ORDER BY SALARY}
--list | L
{
HR@orcl> list
1 SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, LAST_NAME, JOB_ID, SALARY
2 FROM EMPLOYEES
3* WHERE SALARY>12000
HR@orcl> list 2
2* FROM EMPLOYEES}
--password 修改current user 密码
--print 打印变量
{
HR@orcl> print n
N
----------
2}
--prompt 向screen发送消息
--quit 用法同exit
--recover 恢复数据库等操作
--repheader 放置report头（见ttitle）
--repfooter 放置report角
{
REPFOOTER PAGE CENTER 'END EMPLOYEE LISTING REPORT'
TTITLE RIGHT 'Page: ' FORMAT 999 SQL.PNO
SELECT LAST_NAME, SALARY
FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
WHERE SALARY > 12000;}
--remark | rem 单行注释
{
REMARK Commission Report;
REMARK to be run monthly.;
COLUMN LAST_NAME HEADING 'LAST_NAME';
COLUMN SALARY HEADING 'MONTHLY SALARY' FORMAT $99,999;
COLUMN COMMISSION_PCT HEADING 'COMMISSION %' FORMAT 90.90;
REMARK Includes only salesmen;
SELECT LAST_NAME, SALARY, COMMISSION_PCT
FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
WHERE JOB_ID='SA_MAN';}
--run 列出sql buffer内容同时执行该内容
--show
--shutdown 关闭数据库（DBA用户执行）
--startup 启动数据库（DBA用户执行）
--SET 命令集：
--SET PAGESIZE 60 设置一页显示行数
--set autocommit on 设置事务自动提交
--set verify off 关闭替代变量校验
{
SQL> SET VERIFY ON
SQL> SELECT &name FROM DUAL;
输入 name 的值: 1
原值 1: SELECT &name FROM DUAL
新值 1: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
1
----------
1
SQL> SET VERIFY OFF
SQL> SELECT &name FROM DUAL;
输入 name 的值: 1
1
----------
1 }
--SET SERVEROUTPUT ON 打开屏幕输出dbms_output
--set underline
{
HR@orcl> select * from dual;
D
-
X
HR@orcl> set underline =
HR@orcl> /
D
=
X}
--set termout off | on 关闭打开sqlplus输出显示
--SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY 查看执行计划
--set feedback off 关闭”PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。“
--store and start
{
SCOTT@orcl> store set c:\plusenv.sql --存储当前session set 变量值
已创建 file c:\plusenv.sql
SCOTT@orcl> show pagesize
pagesize 24
SCOTT@orcl> set pagesize 60
SCOTT@orcl> show pagesize
pagesize 60
SCOTT@orcl> start c:\plusenv.sql --恢复set 变量值
SCOTT@orcl> show pagesize
pagesize 24
SCOTT@orcl> host del /f c:\plusenv.sql}
--ttitle 设置report抬头
--btitle 设置report尾
{
HR@orcl> TTITLE CENTER -
> "ACME SALES DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL REPORT"
HR@orcl> BTITLE CENTER "COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL"
HR@orcl> SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID, LAST_NAME, SALARY
2 FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW
3 WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = 30
4 ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID, SALARY;
ACME SALES DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL REPORT
DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY
------------- ------------------------- ----------
30 Colmenares 2500
30 Himuro 2600
30 Tobias 2800
30 Baida 2900
30 Khoo 3100
30 Raphaely 11000
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
已选择6行。}
--spool
--timing 计时器
{
HR@orcl> timing start sql_timer
HR@orcl> timing show
计时: sql_timer
已用时间: 00: 00: 05.25
HR@orcl> timing stop
计时: sql_timer
已用时间: 00: 00: 17.29}
--variable
{
HR@orcl> variable ret_val number
HR@orcl> begin
2 :ret_val := 4;
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
HR@orcl> print ret_val
RET_VAL
--------
$4HR@orcl> VARIABLE employee_info REFCURSOR
HR@orcl> BEGIN
2 OPEN :employee_info FOR SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, SALARY
3 FROM EMP_DETAILS_VIEW WHERE JOB_ID='SA_MAN' ;
4 END;
5 /
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
HR@orcl> PRINT employee_info}
--whenever oserror exit 执行命令中遇到系统异常自动退出
--whenever sqlerror exit sql.sqlcode 执行命令中遇到SQL异常自动退出
--XQUERY 运行xquery语句
{
set long 160
set linesize 160
xquery for $i in ora:view("EMP_DETAILS_VIEW") return $i
/}
To be continue...
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