如何获取Android设备唯一识别码
来自：http://syawlaus.com/remindme-%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96android%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E5%94%AF%E4%B8%80%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9F/
如果我们想唯一识别一台Android设备，就需要获取设备的唯一识别码。怎么获取呢？
下面是Android设备一些可供选择的唯一识别码及其适用范围：
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity Number，国际移动设备识别码)
- 用于在手机网络中识别每一部独立的手机
- 对于不在手机网络的设备（如Android平板），就不能使用IMEI来识别。
IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity，国际移动用户识别码)
- 它是在公众陆地移动电话网（PLMN）中用于唯一识别移动用户的一个号码，在GSM网络，这个号码通常被存放在SIM卡中
- 跟IMEI一样，对于不在手机网络的设备就不能使用IMSI来识别。
Android ID
- 64位的十六进制字符串，设备首次启动时会随时生成
- 如果设备恢复了出厂设置，这个值可能会改变
- 设备root了之后，这个值可以手动修改
- Android 2.2发现bug，部分设备具有相同Android ID（9774d56d682e549c），模拟器的Android ID也是这个
- 这个值有时会为null
- 一般不推荐使用
private String androidId = Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
Device ID
- 唯一的设备ID，如GSM网络的IMEI，CDMA网络的MEID / ESN，可能返回null（API文档的描述）
- 只对手机设备有效，对于不在手机网络的设备，会返回null
- 获取到的Device ID值，即使设备恢复出厂设置也不会改变
- 需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限
- 某些设备的Device ID实现有bug，会返回0或*
TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getSystemService(TELEPHONY_SERVICE); String deviceId = tm.getDeviceId();
Serial Number
- 从Android 2.3开始（API level 9），可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取
- 需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限
WiFi MAC Address
- 不是所有Android设备都有WiFi
- 对于有WiFi的设备，如果WiFi没有开启，可能获取不了WiFi MAC地址
- 需要ACCESS_WIFI_STATE权限
WifiManager wm = (WifiManager)Context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE); String wifiMac = wm.getConnectionInfo().getMacAddress();
BlueTooth MAC Address
- 如果没有开启BlueTooth，可能获取不了BlueTooth MAC地址
- 需要BLUETOOTH权限
BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = null; // Local Bluetooth adapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); String bluetoothMac = bluetoothAdapter.getAddress();
UUID（Universally unique identifier，通用唯一标识符）
// 方法1 public class Installation { private static String sID = null; private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION"; public synchronized static String id(Context context) { if (sID == null) { File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION); try { if (!installation.exists()) writeInstallationFile(installation); sID = readInstallationFile(installation); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } return sID; } private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException { RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r"); byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()]; f.readFully(bytes); f.close(); return new String(bytes); } private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException { FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation); String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); out.write(id.getBytes()); out.close(); } }
// 方法2 TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String DeviceId, SerialNum, androidId; DeviceId = tm.getDeviceId(); SerialNum = tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = Secure.getString(getContentResolver(),Secure.ANDROID_ID); UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)DeviceId.hashCode() << 32) | SerialNum.hashCode()); String mydeviceId = deviceUuid.toString(); Log.v("My Id", "Android DeviceId is: " +DeviceId); Log.v("My Id", "Android SerialNum is: " +SerialNum); Log.v("My Id", "Android androidId is: " +androidId);
// 方法3 final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) getBaseContext().getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); final String tmDevice, tmSerial, androidId; tmDevice = "" + tm.getDeviceId(); tmSerial = "" + tm.getSimSerialNumber(); androidId = "" + android.provider.Settings.Secure.getString(getContentResolver(), android.provider.Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID); UUID deviceUuid = new UUID(androidId.hashCode(), ((long)tmDevice.hashCode() << 32) | tmSerial.hashCode()); String deviceId = deviceUuid.toString();
// 方法4 import android.content.Context; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.provider.Settings.Secure; import android.telephony.TelephonyManager; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.UUID; public class DeviceUuidFactory { protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml"; protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id"; protected volatile static UUID uuid; public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) { if (uuid == null) { synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) { if (uuid == null) { final SharedPreferences prefs = context .getSharedPreferences(PREFS_FILE, 0); final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null); if (id != null) { // Use the ids previously computed and stored in the // prefs file uuid = UUID.fromString(id); } else { final String androidId = Secure.getString( context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID); // Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case // fallback on deviceId, // unless it's not available, then fallback on a random // number which we store to a prefs file try { if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) { uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId .getBytes("utf8")); } else { final String deviceId = ( (TelephonyManager) context .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)) .getDeviceId(); uuid = deviceId != null ? UUID .nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId .getBytes("utf8")) : UUID .randomUUID(); } } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } // Write the value out to the prefs file prefs.edit() .putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString()) .commit(); } } } } } /** * Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, * this unique ID is "very highly likely" to be unique across all Android * devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is. * * The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, * falling back on TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to * be incorrect, and finally falling back on a random UUID that's persisted * to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a usable value. * * In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the * device is factory reset a new device ID may be generated. In addition, if * a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android * 2.2 to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. * Or, if a user uninstalls your app on a device that has neither a proper * Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation. * * Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), * the resulting ID will NOT change after a factory reset. Something to be * aware of. * * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID * directly. * * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603 * * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most * purposes. */ public UUID getDeviceUuid() { return uuid; } }
// 方法5 // Here is the code that Reto Meier used in the google I/O presentation this year to get a unique id for the user: private static String uniqueID = null; private static final String PREF_UNIQUE_ID = "PREF_UNIQUE_ID"; public synchronized static String id(Context context) { if (uniqueID == null) { SharedPreferences sharedPrefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREF_UNIQUE_ID, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); uniqueID = sharedPrefs.getString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, null); if (uniqueID == null) { uniqueID = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); Editor editor = sharedPrefs.edit(); editor.putString(PREF_UNIQUE_ID, uniqueID); editor.commit(); } } return uniqueID; }
// 方法6 String m_szDevIDShort = "35" //we make this look like a valid IMEI + Build.BOARD.length() % 10 + Build.BRAND.length() % 10 + Build.CPU_ABI.length() % 10 + Build.DEVICE.length() % 10 + Build.DISPLAY.length() % 10 + Build.HOST.length() % 10 + Build.ID.length() % 10 + Build.MANUFACTURER.length() % 10 + Build.MODEL.length() % 10 + Build.PRODUCT.length() % 10 + Build.TAGS.length() % 10 + Build.TYPE.length() % 10 + Build.USER.length() % 10; //13 digits