Struts2学习(五)

表达式

1、表达式语言 ( Expression Language )
2、表达式的本质:  就是 按照某种规则 书写的 字符串
3、表达式的处理: 一定有一套程序 对 表达式 中的 字符串进行解析和处理,比如 Tomcat
4、常见的表达式

  • JSP 容器中支持 EL 表达式 ( 因此在 JSP 页面中可以直接使用 )
  • Spring 中 可以使用 Spring Expression Language ( SpEL )
  • Struts2 中可以使用 对象图导航语言Object Graphic Navigation Language(OGNL)

OGNL

1、定义

  • OGNL 是一种 功能强大 的 表达式语言 ( Expression Language )
  • OGNL 在 非 Web 环境下 ,需要用到 :javassist-3.20.0-GA.jar,ognl-3.1.12.jar
  • OGNL 目前是 Apache 基金会 下的 commons 项目 下的 一个小项目: http://commons.apache.org

2、测试案例

  • OgnlContext两个方法测试案例
    package ecut.OGNL.entity;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class Customer implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7499870485797565944L;
        
        private String username ;
        private String password ;
        private String confirm ;
        
        public String getUsername() {
            return username;
        }
        public void setUsername(String username) {
            this.username = username;
        }
        public String getPassword() {
            return password;
        }
        public void setPassword(String password) {
            this.password = password;
        }
        public String getConfirm() {
            return confirm;
        }
        public void setConfirm(String confirm) {
            this.confirm = confirm;
        }
    
    }
    package ecut.OGNL;
    
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import ecut.OGNL.entity.Customer;
    import ognl.Ognl;
    import ognl.OgnlContext;
    import ognl.OgnlException;
    
    public class OgnlTest1 {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws OgnlException {
            /*OGNL是通常要结合Struts 2的标志一起使用,如 
            struts页面中不能单独使用,el可以单独使用 ${sessionScope.username} */
            OgnlContext context = new OgnlContext();
            //OgnlContext 实现了Map接口
            System.out.println( context instanceof Map );
            
            // Ognl.setValue( expression , root, value );
            Ognl.setValue( "customer" , context , new Customer() );  // Customer c = new Customer(); context.put( "customer" ,  c ) ;
            
            Ognl.setValue( "customer.username" , context , "张三丰"  ); // c.setUsername( "张三丰" );
            
            // JSP 表达式 : <%= c.getUsername() %>
            // EL 表达式: ${ customer.username }
            // OGNL 表达式 : customer.username(支持OGNL的环境,才可以使用)
            
            Object value = Ognl.getValue( "customer.username" , context ) ; // Ognl.getValue(expression, root)
            System.out.println( value );
            
        }
    
    }

    OGNL 在 非 Web 环境下需要添加两个jar包,OGNL是通常要结合Struts 2的标志一起使用,如 struts页面中不能单独使用,el可以单独使用 ${sessionScope.username}。OgnlContext实现了Map接口因此可以使用相应的方法获取属性和设置属性。

  • 单元测试测试案例
    package ecut.OGNL;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import ecut.OGNL.entity.Customer;
    import ognl.Ognl;
    import ognl.OgnlContext;
    import ognl.OgnlException;
    
    public class OgnlTest2 {
    
        private OgnlContext root;
    
        /* @Before 每次test都执行一次,@BeforeClass仅执行一次,方法得是静态的 */
        public @Before void init() throws OgnlException {
            root = new OgnlContext();
            Ognl.setValue("customer", root, new Customer());
            Ognl.setValue("customer.username", root, "张三丰");
        }
    
        public @Test void testGetValue() throws OgnlException {
            Object value = Ognl.getValue("customer.username", root);
            System.out.println(value);
        }
    
        public @Test void testSetValue() throws OgnlException {
            Object value = Ognl.getValue("customer.username", root);
            System.out.println(value);
            Ognl.setValue("customer.username", root, "张君宝");
            value = Ognl.getValue("customer.username", root);
            System.out.println(value);
        }
    
        public @After void destory() {
        }
    
    }

    首先要添加Junit 的library,然后新建Junit Test Case ,注解的位置可以在方法前也可以在修饰符后面。

  • 获取对象属性测试案例
    package ecut.OGNL.action;
    
    import ecut.OGNL.entity.Customer;
    
    public class CustomerAction {
        
        private Customer customer ;
    
        public String execute() throws Exception {
            System.out.println( "execute" );
            return "execute" ;
        }
        
        public String login() throws Exception {
            System.out.println( "login" );
            return "login" ;
        }
        
        public String logout() throws Exception {
            System.out.println( "logout" );
            return "logout" ;
        }
    
        public Customer getCustomer() {
            System.out.println( "CustomerAction # getCustomer()" );
            return customer;
        }
    
        public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
            System.out.println( "CustomerAction # setCustomer( Customer )" );
            this.customer = customer;
        }
        
    }
    package ecut.OGNL;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import ecut.OGNL.entity.Customer;
    import ecut.OGNL.action.CustomerAction;
    import ognl.Ognl;
    import ognl.OgnlContext;
    import ognl.OgnlException;
    
    public class OgnlTest3 {
        
        private OgnlContext root ;
    
        public @Before void init() throws OgnlException {
            root = new OgnlContext();
            Ognl.setValue( "customerAction" , root , new CustomerAction() );  
        }
    
        public @Test void testGetValue() throws OgnlException {
            Object value = Ognl.getValue( "customerAction.customer" , root ) ;
            System.out.println( value );
        }
    
        public @Test void testSetValue() throws OgnlException {
            Object value = Ognl.getValue( "customerAction.customer" , root ) ;
            System.out.println( value );
            Ognl.setValue( "customerAction.customer" , root , new Customer()  ); 
            Ognl.setValue( "customerAction.customer.username" , root , "张翠山" ); 
            value = Ognl.getValue( "customerAction.customer.username" , root ) ;
            System.out.println( value );
        }
    
        public @After void destory() {
        }
    
    }
  • 获取方法测试案例
    package ecut.OGNL;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import ecut.OGNL.action.CustomerAction;
    import ognl.Ognl;
    import ognl.OgnlContext;
    import ognl.OgnlException;
    
    public class OgnlTest4 {
        
        private OgnlContext root ;
    
        public @Before void init() throws OgnlException {
            root = new OgnlContext();
            Ognl.setValue( "customerAction" , root , new CustomerAction() );  
        }
    
        public @Test void testGetValue() throws OgnlException {
            Object value = Ognl.getValue( "customerAction.login()" , root ) ;
            System.out.println( value );
        }
    
        public @Test void testSetValue() throws OgnlException {
        }
    
        public @After void destory() {
        }
    
    }

转载请于明显处标明出处

https://www.cnblogs.com/AmyZheng/p/9217438.html

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