一、IPFS概述

IPFS(Inter Planetary File System)是一个点对点的分布式超媒体分发协议,它整合了过去几年最好的分布式系统思路,为所有人提供全球统一的可寻址空间,包括Git、自证明文件系统SFS、BitTorrent和DHT,同时也被认为是最有可能取代HTTP的新一代互联网协议。

IPFS用基于内容的寻址替代传统的基于域名的寻址,用户不需要关心服务器的位置,不用考虑文件存储的名字和路径。我们将一个文件放到IPFS节点中,将会得到基于其内容计算出的唯一加密哈希值。哈希值直接反映文件的内容,哪怕只修改1比特,哈希值也会完全不同。当IPFS被请求一个文件哈希时,它会使用一个分布式哈希表找到文件所在的节点,取回文件并验证文件数据。

IPFS是通用目的的基础架构,基本没有存储上的限制。大文件会被切分成小的分块,下载的时候可以从多个服务器同时获取。IPFS的网络是不固定的、细粒度的、分布式的网络,可以很好的适应内容分发网络的要求。这样的设计可以很好的共享各类数据,包括图像、视频流、分布式数据库、整个操作系统、模块链、 数据备份,还有静态网站。

IPFS提供了一个友好的WEB访问接口,用户可通过http://ipfs.io/hash 获取IPFS公共网络中的内容,也许在不久的将来,IPFS协议将会彻底替代传统的HTTP协议。

也可以根据业务需要,搭建自己私有结点的IPFS系统。

 

二、准备环境

1、系统环境:ubuntu-18.04.1-live-server-amd64.ios

2、语言环境:go1.11.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz (下载网址:https://golang.org/dl/ ,下载不了是因为被“墙”了)

3、IPFS软件:go-ipfs_v0.4.18_linux-amd64.tar.gz (下载网址:https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/releases/tag/v0.4.18)

4、两个服务器IP为:192.168.1.100,192.168.1.101

 

三、安装Golang语言环境

sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.11.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin

四、安装IPFS

cd ~

tar xvfz go-ipfs_v0.4.18_linux-amd64.tar.gz    #解压缩

cd go-ipfs/

sudo ./install.sh                         #安装IPFS

五、初始化IPFS

ipfs init    #初始化IPFS

该操作执行后,默认会在~目录下生成一个隐藏目录.ipfs,作为ipfs的local存储

cd ~/.ipfs

ll    #查看.ipfs中安装的内容

drwxrwxr-x  5 he he 4096 Nov 22 15:51 ./
drwxr-xr-x  6 he he 4096 Nov 24 13:25 ../
-rw-rw-r--  1 he he   27 Nov 22 15:51 api
drwxr-xr-x 32 he he 4096 Nov 22 15:54 blocks/
-rw-rw----  1 he he 5278 Nov 22 15:46 config
drwxr-xr-x  2 he he 4096 Nov 22 15:51 datastore/
-rw-------  1 he he  190 Nov 22 15:09 datastore_spec
drwx------  2 he he 4096 Nov 22 15:09 keystore/
-rw-rw-r--  1 he he    0 Nov 22 15:51 repo.lock
-rw-r--r--  1 he he    2 Nov 22 15:09 version

(以上三至五步分别在两台服务器上执行)

六、生成共享Key

我们要组建的是私有网络,所有节点需要使用相同的私有key来加入网络中,我们要使用go来下载go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen工具来生成共享key


go get github.com/Kubuxu/go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen  #编译工具
cd $GOPATH
cd go/src/github.com/Kubuxu/go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen/ipfs-swarm-key-gen/
go build
./ipfs-swarm-key-gen > ~/.ipfs/swarm.key      # 生成key
cd ~/.ipfs/

cat swarm.key    #查看密钥内容
/key/swarm/psk/1.0.0/
/base16/
afc9b81ccb00cf58ad0d0bb2fd7b26193e97451492c223770582b0aaed46b3eb

scp ~/.ipfs/swarm.key 192.168.1.100:/home/he/.ipfs/   #将当前服务器下生成的key拷贝到192.168.1.100的相同目录下

六、移除默认的bootstrap节点

ipfs bootstrap rm –all

removed /dnsaddr/bootstrap.libp2p.io/ipfs/QmNnooDu7bfjPFoTZYxMNLWUQJyrVwtbZg5gBMjTezGAJN
removed /dnsaddr/bootstrap.libp2p.io/ipfs/QmQCU2EcMqAqQPR2i9bChDtGNJchTbq5TbXJJ16u19uLTa
removed /dnsaddr/bootstrap.libp2p.io/ipfs/QmbLHAnMoJPWSCR5Zhtx6BHJX9KiKNN6tpvbUcqanj75Nb
removed /dnsaddr/bootstrap.libp2p.io/ipfs/QmcZf59bWwK5XFi76CZX8cbJ4BhTzzA3gU1ZjYZcYW3dwt
removed /ip4/104.131.131.82/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmaCpDMGvV2BGHeYERUEnRQAwe3N8SzbUtfsmvsqQLuvuJ
removed /ip4/104.236.179.241/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLPppuBtQSGwKDZT2M73ULpjvfd3aZ6ha4oFGL1KrGM
removed /ip4/104.236.76.40/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLV4Bbm51jM9C4gDYZQ9Cy3U6aXMJDAbzgu2fzaDs64
removed /ip4/128.199.219.111/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLSafTMBsPKadTEgaXctDQVcqN88CNLHXMkTNwMKPnu
removed /ip4/178.62.158.247/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLer265NRgSp2LA3dPaeykiS1J6DifTC88f5uVQKNAd
removed /ip6/2400:6180:0:d0::151:6001/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLSafTMBsPKadTEgaXctDQVcqN88CNLHXMkTNwMKPnu
removed /ip6/2604:a880:1:20::203:d001/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLPppuBtQSGwKDZT2M73ULpjvfd3aZ6ha4oFGL1KrGM
removed /ip6/2604:a880:800:10::4a:5001/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLV4Bbm51jM9C4gDYZQ9Cy3U6aXMJDAbzgu2fzaDs64
removed /ip6/2a03:b0c0:0:1010::23:1001/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmSoLer265NRgSp2LA3dPaeykiS1J6DifTC88f5uVQKNAd

 

七、加入结点

  • 在192.168.1.100服务器上查询节点ID:

ipfs id

{
        "ID": "QmTep4vpFo8G9vp6m6PLyyz4MX3DufMB39WiFQQbPHUJPD",
        "PublicKey": "CAASpgIwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCY41neG2vMSiU1DkW6TneojCChDGO/V9Uy/9jn0eBkvl0SF5Vqj1c3zQwzat3Nhc5vrxZn6ffSpcR5bPUbt8zEl53AJ7y7lcP9a1w+iUe4Ht8X2NWMRVTHprSml82id8pDpf3hPM554BbjM63ulmX12N/mOG3BSN9WN+0AQHH+qbwSjdWrwYXplXAbyjMztW9T+7fXruCG0uT8Js8Uuj7/u9mbnbgmFvx1dsnLMaa2LA5fqkyAeIMvC3SIvHgmbnX69qzjZn3CN6r1FFfY/LxMOr0GKkUmh3WXmxCWUCf//+rtHoUwypbIoL0SNOSbPLxS+dZMpC0W2EJlbfrVlP/NAgMBAAE=",
        "Addresses": null,
        "AgentVersion": "go-ipfs/0.4.18/",
        "ProtocolVersion": "ipfs/0.1.0"
}

  • 在192.168.1.101服务器上查询节点ID:

ipfs id

{
        "ID": "QmYNYDp5PEi64dgTYRdci3XhtmQEnZVBQTATinWw6fq3Ac",
        "PublicKey": "CAASpgIwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDpF9xJrTde996NuhNmED5Xg90wRqvtMQJtovRcq5o79DldeQeuKe9ket7/+TIs5Cn+QQekwJCClmBWh7e+xNL8RP5Mer0fABw4yAESR8E0PhJhcbI0Wlgh2X18NBFUmriIZqzcKedX5MzPa7yFhNoDtGotAmXb9smoVIRZVOg9CqR0xG0RqeFwBZGXCtaeRxK18oFHNwZ3t6G5xycvyeXpYxIoDfqUO7mb7c1g1MTn3gOyUbi4kAZvWAAfdmnPiCEI7nHyhMY0ZOJqaqPh8AOxuVLtcHgPYfRgHU+QMkcEHVMzz2Pu41LLS2NWs8i8CjM5N+EBuorndWN2LfEd0xeNAgMBAAE=",
        "Addresses": null,
        "AgentVersion": "go-ipfs/0.4.18/",
        "ProtocolVersion": "ipfs/0.1.0"
}

  • 在192.168.1.100服务器上加入节点ID192.168.1.101:

ipfs bootstrap add /ip4/192.168.1.101/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmYNYDp5PEi64dgTYRdci3XhtmQEnZVBQTATinWw6fq3Ac

  • 在192.168.1.101服务器上加入节点192.168.1.100:

ipfs bootstrap add /ip4/192.168.1.100/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmTep4vpFo8G9vp6m6PLyyz4MX3DufMB39WiFQQbPHUJPD

八、配置节点文件(实际上移除结点、增加结点等操作实现都最终在修改config文件)

cd ~/.ipfs

vim config

{
  "API": {
    "HTTPHeaders": {}
  },
  "Addresses": {
    "API": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/5001",     #127.0.0.1改为所在服务器IP
    "Announce": [],
    "Gateway": "/ip4/127.0.0.1/tcp/8080",
    "NoAnnounce": [],
    "Swarm": [
      "/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/4001",
      "/ip6/::/tcp/4001"
    ]
  },
  "Bootstrap": [
    "/ip4/192.168.1.101/tcp/4001/ipfs/QmYNYDp5PEi64dgTYRdci3XhtmQEnZVBQTATinWw6fq3Ac"
  ],       #使用ipfs bootstrap add 命令加入的对方节点
  "Datastore": {
    "BloomFilterSize": 0,
    "GCPeriod": "1h",
    "HashOnRead": false,
    "Spec": {
      "mounts": [
        {
          "child": {
            "path": "blocks",
            "shardFunc": "/repo/flatfs/shard/v1/next-to-last/2",
            "sync": true,
            "type": "flatfs"
          },
          "mountpoint": "/blocks",
          "prefix": "flatfs.datastore",
          "type": "measure"
        },
        {
          "child": {
            "compression": "none",
            "path": "datastore",
            "type": "levelds"
          },
          "mountpoint": "/",
          "prefix": "leveldb.datastore",
         "type": "measure"
       }
],
     "type": "mount"
   },
   "StorageGCWatermark": 90,
   "StorageMax": "10GB"             #最大可用存储空间
},
"Discovery": {
   "MDNS": {
     "Enabled": true,
     "Interval": 10
   }
},
"Experimental": {
   "FilestoreEnabled": false,
   "Libp2pStreamMounting": false,
   "P2pHttpProxy": false,
   "QUIC": false,
   "ShardingEnabled": false,
   "UrlstoreEnabled": false
},
"Gateway": {
   "APICommands": [],
   "HTTPHeaders": {
     "Access-Control-Allow-Headers": [
       "X-Requested-With",
       "Range"
     ],
     "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": [
       "GET"
     ],
     "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": [
       "*"
     ]
   },
   "PathPrefixes": [],
   "RootRedirect": "",
   "Writable": false
},
"Identity": {
   "PeerID": "QmYNYDp5PEi64dgTYRdci3XhtmQEnZVBQTATinWw6fq3Ac",
"PrivKey": "CAASqQkwggSlAgEAAoIBAQDpF9xJrTde996NuhNmED5Xg90wRqvtMQJtovRcq5o79DldeQeuKe9ket7/+TIs5Cn+QQekwJCClmBWh7e+xNL8RP5Mer0fABw4yAESR8E0PhJhcbI0Wlgh2X18NBFUmri
IZqzcKedX5MzPa7yFhNoDtGotAmXb9smoVIRZVOg9CqR0xG0RqeFwBZGXCtaeRxK18oFHNwZ3t6G5xycvyeXpYxIoDfqUO7mb7c1g1MTn3gOyUbi4kAZvWAAfdmnPiCEI7nHyhMY0ZOJqaqPh8AOxuVLtcHgPYfRgHU+QMk
cEHVMzz2Pu41LLS2NWs8i8CjM5N+EBuorndWN2LfEd0xeNAgMBAAECggEAYOpj1FpqCFmFNmZkxG4Cjb6tC/KGb5OOD+nOMm3DLiRoaZ31/ItBFwUjjUiefR3M/AMr22uZakJ+AdxiILaThwJkvYXW9nnEQjOehmxBP6iDW
fK9Bpl9xW05iJfZkNTX3xbZzpy5rMjcA24nL1jCkQHFl7tEgMXGqO+jK8Vq3l2wSY9z7c/DJwFrtSzJJxk34qgEnlzLA/aNislRDMqP+3CR3x+f/d+rzYof41b77yuWXF20tn2iWYMa7tSKFXPHNzC7CjQw5waKFhcoNni3
iZ8Snfy6pQuWGmCJqcl+WxnLgVxQNdKgKAPjaXM7kRRAZYUF07+7mElS32BdjlS/3QKBgQDyuqmHIFUZsg/ZMSa4CaCujvlFpQO+7gO1p4R4dS++IY3xD9yNek9kngQb9GPmpMOMKS5cwMNXByuBb5KY2AWC0nOXEizfl90
zDrXI+SdKxuQhw9/lhGKEAYMij+XM23JsbFQdnDBq8ayt72C0Dt1M9Do/NZdFlDQeLC/YQVYVXwKBgQD11lRhcd1o5Nb229RLo7AHzVkCwO+1TNQMOge42JzpA351fcGKvL+RkVstwCQGdhDEN4F3dJaEGs/6zYuD1dS9zt
Ym4Zc4lrqwQ3v51MriEEP24E9WjxxO0icbftrrn8iJWJiP/JjAKQZUZhGnqkr6ME8LYPcv3gIUWEBvSYpukwKBgQDydH/YSPSYeSOZiJ4rYPqOwqO97GnEcs1jy1PoWu34ll3JOFXPQChD0g86uTB894GY5J256pZ0vOW5I
fCmGcnPdlYdxfrq0TATyxLMEAwuhmLkU1q3UThysWwCvwgFTAKMyNxww04d1Q/uodjPorVtI9t2vho/Vx2EMhEMi57oMwKBgQCC8bLoZJomsR2/R8CAuaOdxEdRLCuCSnX4PUC3uMl7ZB0Lv/xDRd5UTzRd3iZSOrkbiuUv
F67ElvOJB8r0YgV7RJzVAPxnbAHsuUVkAXA/kaJh8YDQ/lF5un6SKrO5JdbPMZ2xtD44vKFeey+UOyTMtsajrPZ9TKeW5psLrARMeQKBgQCbtXDnE0fcJvHGAnbQu5xVWMs6c9fnXBD6U6UN68BbLt2t5X49dce6Ef1KoLX
D4gIE6Y4GYgBsl7sQHXlJl800XdkhaWFrvzw+9R5/eLEh0XXqts/mOL1R6xnozEvEnVrF+0jecDlw6Fee1X1pB8g1eer7G8odP6uhiGWY3+pOEw=="
  },
  "Ipns": {
    "RecordLifetime": "",
    "RepublishPeriod": "",
    "ResolveCacheSize": 128
  },
  "Mounts": {
    "FuseAllowOther": false,
    "IPFS": "/ipfs",
    "IPNS": "/ipns"
  },
  "Pubsub": {
    "DisableSigning": false,
    "Router": "",
    "StrictSignatureVerification": false
  },   
  "Reprovider": {
    "Interval": "12h",
    "Strategy": "all"
  }, 
  "Routing": {
    "Type": "dht"
  }, 
  "Swarm": {
    "AddrFilters": null,
    "ConnMgr": {
      "GracePeriod": "20s",
      "HighWater": 900,
      "LowWater": 600,
      "Type": "basic"
    },
    "DisableBandwidthMetrics": false,

    "DisableNatPortMap": false,
    "DisableRelay": false,
    "EnableRelayHop": false
  }
}

 

九、跨域资源共享CORS配置

IPFS结点上线

ipfs daemon  

为了后续的开发方便,我们还需要对跨域资源共享( CORS )进行配置,ctrl- c退出ipfs,然后按照下面的步骤进行跨域配置(如果加入时出现问题,可以重启服务,在新的SSH窗口配置CORS)。

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Origin '["*"]'

ipfs config --json Addresses.API '"/ip4/0.0.0.0/tcp/5001"'

ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Methods '["PUT", "GET", "POST", "OPTIONS"]'
ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Credentials '["true"]'
ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Allow-Headers '["Authorization"]'
ipfs config --json API.HTTPHeaders.Access-Control-Expose-Headers '["Location"]'

 

十、配置IPFS服务开机自动启动

1. 创建服务文件

         sudo vim /etc/systemd/system/ipfs.service

内容如下:

[Unit]
description=ipfs p2p daemon
After=network.target
Requires=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/ipfs daemon

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targe

最后,说一下/etc/systemd/system/下的配置文件(XXXX.service),
其中有三个配置项,[Unit] / [Service] / [Install]
1) [Unit] 区块:启动顺序与依赖关系。
2) [Service] 区块:启动行为,如何启动,启动类型。
3) [Install] 区块,定义如何安装这个配置文件,即怎样做到开机启动。

2. 服务插入

#给予运行权

sudo chmod +x /etc/systemd/system/ipfs.service

# 重新加载配置文件
sudo systemctl daemon-reload

# 设置IPFS开机自动启动

sudo systemctl enable ipfs.service

# 重启服务
sudo systemctl restart ipfs.service