014.科普.有生产力的Sql语句

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# 014.科普.有生产力的Sql语句

不等不靠，有囧有料。终日乾乾，或跃在渊。 

如果，我们做足了一些细节，敲出不够烂的代码， 
那么，不少企业就会倒闭，信息化建设就会倒退。

如果，我们做不足一些细节，依赖于流水线。 
那么，高效生产的同时，我们会退化为码工。

@史荣久 / 2015-03-27 / CC-BY-SA-3.0 

## 观看视频

  * [优酷视频（被转720P）](http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XOTIwODUyNDA4.html)
  * [腾讯视频（被转720P）](http://v.qq.com/page/g/u/k/g0150g2ftuk.html)
  * [百度网盘（原始1080P）](http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=3935315343&uk=1380913564&fid=395714801385233)

## 内容摘要

  * 安迪-比尔定律（Andy and Bill’s Law）
  * 依赖于框架流水线，我们会从手艺人退化为流水线上的码工
  * 解释和部分解决Mysql的order-by-limit巨慢
  * 分页问题，引申出的sublist，substring
  * 一条语句，显示学生所选的课程：GROUP_CONCAT
  * 各GROUP的TOP-N问题（分组内，各取前N个）
  * 自增主键是个坑，尽量避免（尤其分布式）
  * 大量插入(bulk insert)，VALUES
  * 插入忽略：INSERT IGNORE
  * 插入更新：ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE（有bug变的特性）
  * 替换插入：REPLACE INTO
  * 大量删除：DELETE & TRUNCATE（索引，事务，自增）
  * 多表联合删除，子查询删除，快速删除
  * 关联更新：单个字段，多个字段
  * 执行计划：explain，其他优化
  * 建立索引：根据sql和explain建立必要的索引
  * JDBC: PreparedStatement(DML) vs Statement(DDL)
  * JDBC: addBatch, executeBatch 的性能
  * JDBC: allowMultiQueries,maxAllowedPacket 安全和速度

## 参考资源

  * [安迪-比尔定律](http://www.baike.com/wiki/安迪-比尔定律)
  * [解释：mysql-order-by-limit](http://explainextended.com/2009/10/23/mysql-order-by-limit-performance-late-row-lookups/)
  * [解释：late-row-lookups](http://explainextended.com/2011/02/11/late-row-lookups-innodb)
  * [subList OOM，注意jdk版本](http://skydream.iteye.com/blog/1672745)
  * [Mysql-5.5 性能优化](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/statement-optimization.html)

  * [Mysql-5.5 DML:增(insert)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/insert.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 DML:删(delete)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/delete.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 DML:改(update)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/update.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 DML:查(select)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/select.html)

  * [Mysql-5.5 子查询(subqueries)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/subqueries.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 插入或替换(replace)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/replace.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 重复时更新(duplicate)](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/insert-on-duplicate.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 聚集：列变行](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/group-by-functions.html)
  * [Mysql-5.5 聚集：合计](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/group-by-modifiers.html)

  * [Statement vs PreparedStatement](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3271249)
  * [Values vs JDBC批量预处理](http://brian.pontarelli.com/2011/06/21/jdbc-batch-vs-multi-row-inserts)
  * [JDBC-URL 能用到的参数](http://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-j/en/connector-j-reference-configuration-properties.html)

## 欢迎围观

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        MoilionCircle we = you.search(MoilionCircle.SLOGAN);
        we.welcome(you);
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    if(you.share(this)){
        We.thank(you);
        We.mayFind7Moilion();
    }
}

## 测试SQL

select version();
-- 5.5.41-0ubuntu0.14.04.1

-- 建库
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `moilioincircle_r014`;
CREATE DATABASE `moilioincircle_r014` 
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;
USE moilioincircle_r014;

-- 建表
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `STUDENT`;
CREATE TABLE `STUDENT` (
    `ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
    `NAME` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
    `GENDER` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
    PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
)  ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `COURSE`;
CREATE TABLE `COURSE` (
  `ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `NAME` varchar(45) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ID`),
  UNIQUE KEY `NAME_UNIQUE` (`NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `STUDENT_COURSE_MAP`;
CREATE TABLE `STUDENT_COURSE_MAP` (
  `STUDENT_ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `COURSE_ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`STUDENT_ID`,`COURSE_ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `EXAM`;
CREATE TABLE `EXAM` (
  `STUDENT_ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `COURSE_ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `SCORE` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`STUDENT_ID`,`COURSE_ID`),
  KEY `IDX_SCORE` (`SCORE`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `AUTOINCR`;
CREATE TABLE `AUTOINCR` (
    `ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `NAME` varchar(45),
    PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)
)  AUTO_INCREMENT = 100
ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;

-- 数据
INSERT INTO STUDENT (ID,NAME,GENDER)
VALUES
(1,'学生1',2),
(2,'学生2',1),
(3,'学生3',NULL),
(4,'学生4',DEFAULT);

INSERT INTO COURSE (ID,NAME) 
VALUES
(1,'课程1'),
(2,'课程2'),
(3,'课程3'),
(4,'课程4');

INSERT INTO STUDENT_COURSE_MAP (STUDENT_ID,COURSE_ID) 
VALUES
(1,1),
(2,1),(2,2),
(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),
(4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4);

INSERT INTO EXAM (STUDENT_ID,COURSE_ID,SCORE) 
VALUES
(1,1,90),(1,2,70),(1,3,85),(1,4,80),
(2,1,70),(2,2,85),(2,3,75),(2,4,80),
(3,1,75),(3,2,85),(3,3,85),(3,4,65),
(4,1,60),(4,2,75),(4,3,80),(4,4,85);

INSERT INTO AUTOINCR (ID,NAME) 
VALUES
(1,'自增1'),
(DEFAULT,'自增#1'),
(5,'自增5'),
(DEFAULT,'自增#2');

-- 查 -----------------

-- 学生都选了什么课（把列换成行显示）
-- set group_concat_max_len=10000;
SELECT 
    S.NAME,
    GROUP_CONCAT(C.NAME ORDER BY C.NAME ) AS COURSES
FROM 
    STUDENT AS S,
    COURSE AS C,
    STUDENT_COURSE_MAP AS M
WHERE 
    S.ID = M.STUDENT_ID
    AND C.ID = M.COURSE_ID
GROUP BY S.NAME
HAVING COUNT(C.NAME)>1;

-- 把各科考试，前三名取出来。
-- MYSQL 没有 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY A ORDER BY B DESC)
SELECT 
    C.NAME AS COURSE, 
    S.NAME AS STUDENT, 
    E.SCORE 
FROM 
    EXAM AS E ,
    STUDENT AS S,
    COURSE AS C
WHERE 
    (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM EXAM AS B 
        WHERE B.COURSE_ID = E.COURSE_ID 
        AND B.SCORE >= E.SCORE
    ) <= 3 
    AND E.STUDENT_ID = S.ID
    AND E.COURSE_ID = C.ID
ORDER BY COURSE ASC, SCORE DESC;

SELECT * FROM STUDENT 
WHERE (ID,NAME) IN ((1,'学生1'),(2,'学生2'));

-- ------- 增 ----------
SELECT * FROM COURSE;

INSERT IGNORE INTO COURSE (ID,NAME) 
VALUES 
(1,'课程1'),
(11,'课程1'),
(5,'课程5'),
(6,'课程6');

REPLACE INTO COURSE (ID,NAME) 
VALUES 
(5,'课程55'),
(66,'课程6'),
(7,'课程7');

INSERT INTO COURSE (ID,NAME) 
VALUES (5,'课程5'),(6,'课程6'),(8,'课程6')
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
    NAME=VALUES(NAME),ID=VALUES(ID);

INSERT INTO COURSE (ID,NAME) 
VALUES (5,'课程5'),(6,'课程6'),(7,'课程7')
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
    NAME=VALUES(NAME),
    ID=(CASE WHEN NAME = VALUES(NAME)
        THEN VALUES(ID)
        ELSE ID
        END);

-- 删
CREATE TABLE AUTOINCR_1 LIKE AUTOINCR; -- 表结构相同
INSERT INTO AUTOINCR_1 SELECT * FROM AUTOINCR;
DESCRIBE AUTOINCR_1;

CREATE TABLE AUTOINCR_2 SELECT * FROM AUTOINCR WHERE ID <10; -- 不相同
DESCRIBE AUTOINCR_2;

SELECT * FROM AUTOINCR_1;
SELECT * FROM AUTOINCR_2;

DELETE FROM AUTOINCR_1;
INSERT INTO AUTOINCR_1 (NAME) VALUES ('课程1');
TRUNCATE TABLE AUTOINCR_1;

DELETE T1,T2 
FROM AUTOINCR_1 AS T1,AUTOINCR_2 AS T2
WHERE T1.ID = T2.ID;

DELETE QUICK FROM AUTOINCR_2;
OPTIMIZE TABLE AUTOINCR_2;

-- 改 ------
INSERT INTO AUTOINCR_1 SELECT ID,NULL FROM AUTOINCR;
INSERT INTO AUTOINCR_2 SELECT * FROM AUTOINCR WHERE ID <10;

-- 更新单个字段
UPDATE AUTOINCR_2 AS T2, AUTOINCR_1 AS T1
SET T1.NAME = T2.NAME 
WHERE T2.ID = T1.ID;

UPDATE AUTOINCR_1 SET NAME=NULL;
UPDATE AUTOINCR_1 AS T1
SET T1.NAME = (SELECT T2.NAME FROM AUTOINCR_2 AS T2 WHERE T2.ID = T1.ID);

CREATE TABLE STUDENT_1 LIKE STUDENT;
INSERT INTO STUDENT_1 SELECT ID,CONCAT(NAME,'#'),0 FROM STUDENT;

SELECT * FROM STUDENT;
SELECT * FROM STUDENT_1;

-- 更新多个字段
UPDATE STUDENT_1 AS T1
INNER JOIN (SELECT T.ID, T.NAME,  T.GENDER FROM STUDENT AS T) AS T2 
ON T2.ID = T1.ID
SET T1.NAME = T2.NAME ,T1.GENDER = T2.GENDER;

题图：Intel Corp. President Andy Grove, right, shakes hands with Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates at a meeting in Burlingame, Ca., on Monday Nov. 9, 1992, as they team up to offer a new product of videos on personal computers.。
原文： http://www.moilioncircle.com/release/014.know.productive-crud-mysql.html