mysql-5.7.22 在 centos7 上安装指南

mysql-5.7.22 在 centos7 上安装指南

1. 获取安装包

wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

解压：

# tar xvf mysql-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

得到：

mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2. 安装 mysql 服务端

2.1. 删除已安装的 mysql

# rpm -qa|grep mysql
qt-mysql-4.8.5-8.el7.x86_64

# rpm -e --nodeps qt-mysql-4.8.5-8.el7.x86_64

# rpm -qa|grep mysql
(void)

2.2. 删除 mariadb

# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
mariadb-server-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64

# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-server-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-devel-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64
# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.41-2.el7_0.x86_64

# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
(void)

2.3 安装 mysql-server

# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

如果兼做开发环境，还需要安装：
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

检查安装结果:
# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64

至此 mysql 服务端安装完毕。可以在需要访问数据库的机器上安装 mysql 客户端。

2.4. 配置和使用 mysql 数据库

参考 4. 配置和启动 mysql。

3. 仅安装 mysql 客户端

删除 mysql 参考 2.1。
删除 mariadb 参考 2.2。

安装客户端：
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

开发环境还需要安装:
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.22-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4. 配置和启动 mysql

登录到 mysql 服务端计算机上：

启动|停止|状态查询
# systemctl start|stop|status mysqld

开机自启动
# systemctl enable mysqld

查看日志
# cat /var/log/mysqld.log

找到临时密码
# cat /var/log/mysqld.log |grep password|grep root@localhost
... [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YaTrf6d?VyG0

修改 mysql root 密码和配置项:
# mysql_secure_installation
...
输入临时密码：YaTrf6d?VyG0 (本例)
设置新密码：YourNewPass (本例)

设置好之后，用新密码登录：
# mysql -u root -p'YourNewPass'

5. 更改数据库文件目录

登录到 mysql 服务端计算机上。如果没有启动，需要先启动 mysql：
# systemctl start mysqld

查询数据文件目录：
# mysqladmin -u root -p'YourNewPass' variables | grep datadir
    | datadir      | /var/lib/mysql/

查询 mysql 使用的配置文件次序：
# mysql --help|grep 'my.cnf'
    order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,

    /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf

按照上面的次序依次查找，找到第一个出现的 my.cnf，即 mysql 服务使用的配置文件。本例为：
    /etc/my.cnf

修改配置文件：
# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.old
# vi /etc/my.cnf

    [client]
    port=3306
    socket=/home/workspace/mysql/mysql.sock
    default-character-set=utf8

    [mysqld]
    character-set-server=utf8

    #!--datadir=/var/lib/mysql
    datadir=/home/workspace/mysql

    #!--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    socket=/home/workspace/mysql/mysql.sock

    symbolic-links=0
    log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
    pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

移动目录位置：
# systemctl stop mysqld
# mv /var/lib/mysql /home/workspace/
# systemctl start mysqld

查询数据文件目录：
# mysqladmin -u root -p'YourNewPass' variables | grep datadir
    | datadir       | /home/workspace/mysql/  

删除临时配置文件 /etc/my.cnf.old。

6. 更改数据库字符集为 UTF-8

统一使用utf8会避免很多错误。登录 mysql 查询字符集：
# mysql -u root -p'YourNewPass'
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf，如下：
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
...

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
...

重启 mysql 服务，再登录查询：
# systemctl restart mysqld
# mysql -u root -p'YourNewPass'
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

执行下面的命令：
mysql> delimiter |
SET GLOBAL character_set_client = utf8 |  
SET GLOBAL character_set_connection = utf8 |  
SET GLOBAL character_set_database = utf8 |  
SET GLOBAL character_set_results = utf8 |  
SET GLOBAL character_set_server = utf8 |  
SET GLOBAL collation_connection = utf8_general_ci |  
SET GLOBAL collation_database = utf8_general_ci |  
SET GLOBAL collation_server = utf8_general_ci |  
delimiter ;

这之后，所有的数据文件，程序都统一为utf8编码。

7. 创建用户并指定对数据库的权限

mysql 的 root 用户仅为管理员在特定的host上（如：localhost）上使用。
对于不同用途的数据库，应该创建相应的数据库和用户，并分配权限。

以 root 帐号登录 mysql：
创建一个名为 yii2basic 的数据库
mysql> create database yii2basic;
mysql> use yii2basic
mysql> delimiter |
CREATE TABLE `country` (
  `code` CHAR(2) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  `name` CHAR(52) NOT NULL,
  `population` INT(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('AU','Australia',18886000) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('BR','Brazil',170115000) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('CA','Canada',1147000) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('CN','China',1277558000) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('DE','Germany',82164700) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('FR','France',59225700) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('GB','United Kingdom',59623400) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('IN','India',1013662000) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('RU','Russia',146934000) |
INSERT INTO `country` VALUES ('US','United States',278357000) |
delimiter ;

mysql> show tables;

下面创建一个用户 yii@localhost，即该用户只能从本机（localhost）访问 yii2basic：

mysql> create user 'yii'@'localhost' identified by 'Abc123456!';
mysql> revoke all privileges, grant option from 'yii'@'localhost';
mysql> grant all privileges on yii2basic.* to 'yii'@'localhost';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit

# mysql -u yii -p'Abc123456!'

mysql> use sys;
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'yii'@'localhost' to database 'sys'
上面这个错误出现才表示正确！

mysql> use yii2basic;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------+
| Tables_in_yii2basic |
+---------------------+
| country             |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into country(code,name,population) values('JP','Japan',126910000);

（结束）