Linux下安装mysql

继续边操作边记录Linux使用第二遍,安装mysql数据库。

一,环境配置

  • 操作系统: CentOS / 7.5 x86_64 (64bit)
  • mysql数据库: Linux - Generic5.6.42

二、操作工具

  • xshell 6

        一个强大的安全终端模拟软件,它支持SSH1, SSH2, 以及Microsoft Windows 平台的TELNET 协议。

        Xshell 通过互联网到远程主机的安全连接以及它创新性的设计和特色帮助用户在复杂的网络环境中享受他们的工作。

  • xftp

        一个基于 MS windows 平台的功能强大的SFTP、FTP 文件传输软件。

        使用了 Xftp 以后,MS windows 用户能安全地在UNIX/Linux 和 Windows PC 之间传输文件。

三、安装步骤

1,查看历史版本

    rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

2,下载mysql

    下载地址:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads

    下载版本:Linux下安装mysql_第1张图片

3,通过xftp将安装包复制到/usr/local目录下

4,解压安装包

    #tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

5,更改安装包名称为mysql

    剪切粘贴  # mv /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql

    复制粘贴  # cp /usr/local/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql -r

6,创建mysql用户组和mysql用户

  • 添加一个用户组名称为mysql

    groupadd mysql

  • 添加用户mysql 到用户组mysql

    useradd -g mysql mysql

7,进入到mysql目录,执行添加MySQL配置的操作

   cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   或:
   cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
   是否覆盖?按y 回车

8,编辑/etc/my.cnf文件;

  • 编辑    vi /etc/my.cnf
  • 开始编辑    i
  • 输入内容:
 1 # For advice on how to change settings please see
 2 # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 3 # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
 4 # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
 5 # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
 6 
 7 [mysqld]
 8 
 9 # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
10 # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
11 # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
12 
13 # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
14 # changes to the binary log between backups.
15 # log_bin
16 
17 # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
18 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
19 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
20 port = 3306
21 # server_id = .....
22 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
23 character-set-server = utf8
24 skip-name-resolve
25 log-err = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
26 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
27 
28 # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
29 # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
30 # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
31 # join_buffer_size = 128M
32 # sort_buffer_size = 2M
33 # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 
34 
35 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
  • 退出; Esc键
  • 保存设置: :wq!

9,在mysql当前目录下设定目录的访问权限(注意后面的小点,表示当前目录)

chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data

   第三步会报错:

      [root@instance-moxdol0i mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
      FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing scripts/mysql_install_db:
      Data::Dumper
解决办法:yum -y install autoconf

10,初始化数据(在mysql/bin或者mysql/scripts下有个 mysql_install_db 可执行文件初始化数据库),进入mysql/bin或者mysql/scripts目录下,执行下面命令

   ./mysql_install_db --verbose --user=root --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data   --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid --tmpdir=/tmp

11,启动mysql,进入/usr/local/mysql/bin目录,执行下面命令

   ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --user=root &
注意,如果光标停留在屏幕上,表示启动成功,需要我们先关闭shell终端,再开启一个新的shell终端,不要执行退出操作。

12,设置开机启动,新开启shell中断后,进入mysql目录,执行下面命令

   cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
   cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
   chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysql
   chkconfig --add mysqld
   chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
   chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/

13,重启linux

   reboot

14,查看mysql状态

   service mysqld status

15,添加远程访问权限

  • 添加mysql命令
    ln  -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  /usr/bin  (mysql的安装路径)
  • 更改访问权限
    登录mysql,执行下面命令
        mysql -uroot -p 
    密码为空直接回车,运行以下两条命令,目的是让远程可以通过此用户名,密码访问该服务器
        GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'duan' with grant option;
        Flush privileges;
    注:‘duan’是密码
  • 退出mysql
    exit
  • 重启linux,就完成了
    reboot

        注:本机访问mysql,root账户默认是没有密码的,端口号默认3306,如果需要修改root账户密码,在/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下,执行下面命令

    ./mysqladmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306 -uroot password 'duan'exit
    //‘duan’是你想要设置的密码

 

 

 

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