C/C++ Windows API——获取系统指定目录
| 函数 | 头文件 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| GetModuleFileName | 获取当前进程已加载模块的文件的完整路径 | |
| GetCurrentDirectory | 获取当前目录 | |
| GetSystemDirectory | 获取System32目录 | |
| SHGetSpecialFolderPath | 获取指定的系统路径 |
运行环境 WIn10 x64 —— VS2015
// WindowApiDemo.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include //setlocale
#include //wprintf, printf
#include //GetModuleFileName, GetCurrentDirectory, GetWindowsDirectory, GetSystemDirectory
#include //SHGetSpecialFolderPath
int main()
{
//用来配置地域的信息，设置当前程序使用的本地化信息。
setlocale(LC_ALL, "chs");
TCHAR szPath[MAX_PATH];
DWORD ret;
/*
获取当前进程已加载模块的文件的完整路径，该模块必须由当前进程加载。
DWORD GetModuleFileName (
HMODULE hModule, //handle to module
LPTSTR lpFilename, //file name of module
DWORD nSize //size of buffer
)
return Long，如执行成功，返回复制到lpFileName的实际字符数量；零表示失败。使用GetLastError可以打印错误信息。
*/
ret = GetModuleFileName(NULL, szPath, MAX_PATH);
if (!ret) {
printf("GetModuleFileName fail (%d)\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
wprintf(L"GetModuleFileName -> %s\n", szPath);
//GetModuleFileName -> C:\Users\chenjia2014\Desktop\temp\vc\ConsoleApplication1\Debug\ConsoleApplication1.exe
/*
在一个缓冲区中装载当前目录
DWORD GetCurrentDirectory (
DWORD nBufferLength, //sizeof directory buffer
LPTSTR lpBuffer //directory buffer
);
return Long，装载到lpBuffer的字节数。如nBufferLength的长度不够，不足以容纳目录，则返回值是必要的缓冲区长度（要求至少这个长度），其中包括空中止字符。零表示失败。会设置GetLastError
*/
ret = GetCurrentDirectory(MAX_PATH, szPath);
if (!ret) {
printf("GetCurrentDirectory fail (%ld)\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
wprintf(L"GetCurrentDirectory -> %s\n", szPath);
//GetCurrentDirectory -> C:\Users\chenjia2014\Desktop\temp\vc\ConsoleApplication1\ConsoleApplication1
/*
获取Windows目录的完整路径名
UINT WINAPI GetSystemDirectory (
__out LPTSTR lpBuffer, //buffer for windows directory
__in UINT uSize //size of directory buffer
);
return Long类型，复制到lpBuffer的一个字串的长度。如lpBuffer不够大，不能容下整个字串，就会返回lpBuffer要求的长度，零表示失败。并且将出错的信息存储在GetLastError函数中，用户可以通过调用GetLastError来得到错误信息。
*/
ret = GetWindowsDirectory(szPath, MAX_PATH);
if (!ret) {
printf("GetWindowsDirectory fail (%ld)\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
wprintf(L"GetWindowsDirectory -> %s\n", szPath);
//GetWindowsDirectory -> C:\Windows
/*
获取Windows目录名
UINT WINAPI GetSystemDirectory (
__out LPTSTR lpBuffer, //buffer for system directory
__in UINT uSize //size of directory buffer
);
return Long类型，复制到lpBuffer的一个字串的长度。如lpBuffer不够大，不能容下整个字串，就会返回lpBuffer要求的长度，零表示失败。并且将出错的信息存储在GetLastError函数中，用户可以通过调用GetLastError来得到错误信息。
*/
ret = GetSystemDirectory(szPath, MAX_PATH);
if (!ret) {
printf("GetSystemDirectory fail (%ld)\n", GetLastError());
return FALSE;
}
wprintf(L"GetSystemDirectory -> %s\n", szPath);
//GetSystemDirectory -> C:\Windows\system32
/*
获取指定的系统路径
BOOL SHGetSpecialFolderPath (
HWND hwndOwner, //A handle to the owner window that the client should specify if it displays
LPTSTR lpszPath,
int nFolder, //A CSIDL that identifies the folder of interest.
BOOL fCreate //Indicates whether the folder should be created if it does not already exist.
);
#define CSIDL_DESKTOP 0x0000 // \Favorites
#define CSIDL_STARTUP 0x0007 // Start Menu\Programs\Startup
#define CSIDL_RECENT 0x0008 // \Recent
#define CSIDL_SENDTO 0x0009 // \SendTo
#define CSIDL_BITBUCKET 0x000a // \Recycle Bin
#define CSIDL_STARTMENU 0x000b // \Start Menu
#define CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS CSIDL_PERSONAL // Personal was just a silly name for My Documents
#define CSIDL_MYMUSIC 0x000d // "My Music" folder
#define CSIDL_MYVIDEO 0x000e // "My Videos" folder
#define CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY 0x0010 // \Desktop
#define CSIDL_DRIVES 0x0011 // My Computer
#define CSIDL_NETWORK 0x0012 // Network Neighborhood (My Network Places)
#define CSIDL_NETHOOD 0x0013 // \nethood
#define CSIDL_FONTS 0x0014 // windows\fonts
#define CSIDL_TEMPLATES 0x0015
#define CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU 0x0016 // All Users\Start Menu
#define CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS 0X0017 // All Users\Start Menu\Programs
#define CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP 0x0018 // All Users\Startup
#define CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY 0x0019 // All Users\Desktop
#define CSIDL_APPDATA 0x001a // \Application Data
#define CSIDL_PRINTHOOD 0x001b // \PrintHood
#ifndef CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA
#define CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA 0x001c // \Local Settings\Applicaiton Data (non roaming)
#endif // CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA
#define CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP 0x001d // non localized startup
#define CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP 0x001e // non localized common startup
#define CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES 0x001f
#ifndef _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE 0x0020
#define CSIDL_COOKIES 0x0021
#define CSIDL_HISTORY 0x0022
#define CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA 0x0023 // All Users\Application Data
#define CSIDL_WINDOWS 0x0024 // GetWindowsDirectory()
#define CSIDL_SYSTEM 0x0025 // GetSystemDirectory()
#define CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES 0x0026 // C:\Program Files
#define CSIDL_MYPICTURES 0x0027 // C:\Program Files\My Pictures
#endif // _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_PROFILE 0x0028 // USERPROFILE
#define CSIDL_SYSTEMX86 0x0029 // x86 system directory on RISC
#define CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86 0x002a // x86 C:\Program Files on RISC
#ifndef _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON 0x002b // C:\Program Files\Common
#endif // _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86 0x002c // x86 Program Files\Common on RISC
#define CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES 0x002d // All Users\Templates
#ifndef _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS 0x002e // All Users\Documents
#define CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS 0x002f // All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
#define CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS 0x0030 // \Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
#endif // _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_CONNECTIONS 0x0031 // Network and Dial-up Connections
#define CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC 0x0035 // All Users\My Music
#define CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES 0x0036 // All Users\My Pictures
#define CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO 0x0037 // All Users\My Video
#define CSIDL_RESOURCES 0x0038 // Resource Direcotry
#ifndef _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_RESOURCES_LOCALIZED 0x0039 // Localized Resource Direcotry
#endif // _SHFOLDER_H_
#define CSIDL_COMMON_OEM_LINKS 0x003a // Links to All Users OEM specific apps
#define CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA 0x003b // USERPROFILE\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\CD Burning
// unused 0x003c
#define CSIDL_COMPUTERSNEARME 0x003d // Computers Near Me (computered from Workgroup membership)
*/
int CSIDLs[] = {
CSIDL_DESKTOP,
CSIDL_INTERNET,
CSIDL_PROGRAMS,
CSIDL_CONTROLS,
CSIDL_PRINTERS,
CSIDL_PERSONAL,
CSIDL_FAVORITES,
CSIDL_STARTUP,
CSIDL_RECENT,
CSIDL_SENDTO,
CSIDL_BITBUCKET,
CSIDL_STARTMENU,
CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS,
CSIDL_MYMUSIC,
CSIDL_MYVIDEO,
CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY,
CSIDL_DRIVES,
CSIDL_NETWORK,
CSIDL_NETHOOD,
CSIDL_FONTS,
CSIDL_TEMPLATES,
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU,
CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS,
CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP,
CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY,
CSIDL_APPDATA,
CSIDL_PRINTHOOD,
CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA,
CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP,
CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP,
CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES,
CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE,
CSIDL_COOKIES,
CSIDL_HISTORY,
CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA,
CSIDL_WINDOWS,
CSIDL_SYSTEM,
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES,
CSIDL_MYPICTURES,
CSIDL_PROFILE,
CSIDL_SYSTEMX86,
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86,
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON,
CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86,
CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES,
CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS,
CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS,
CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS,
CSIDL_CONNECTIONS,
CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC,
CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES,
CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO,
CSIDL_RESOURCES,
CSIDL_RESOURCES_LOCALIZED,
CSIDL_COMMON_OEM_LINKS,
CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA,
CSIDL_COMPUTERSNEARME,
};
char *szCSIDLs[] = {
"CSIDL_DESKTOP",
"CSIDL_INTERNET",
"CSIDL_PROGRAMS",
"CSIDL_CONTROLS",
"CSIDL_PRINTERS",
"CSIDL_PERSONAL",
"CSIDL_FAVORITES",
"CSIDL_STARTUP",
"CSIDL_RECENT",
"CSIDL_SENDTO",
"CSIDL_BITBUCKET",
"CSIDL_STARTMENU",
"CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS",
"CSIDL_MYMUSIC",
"CSIDL_MYVIDEO",
"CSIDL_DESKTOPDIRECTORY",
"CSIDL_DRIVES",
"CSIDL_NETWORK",
"CSIDL_NETHOOD",
"CSIDL_FONTS",
"CSIDL_TEMPLATES",
"CSIDL_COMMON_STARTMENU",
"CSIDL_COMMON_PROGRAMS",
"CSIDL_COMMON_STARTUP",
"CSIDL_COMMON_DESKTOPDIRECTORY",
"CSIDL_APPDATA",
"CSIDL_PRINTHOOD",
"CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA",
"CSIDL_ALTSTARTUP",
"CSIDL_COMMON_ALTSTARTUP",
"CSIDL_COMMON_FAVORITES",
"CSIDL_INTERNET_CACHE",
"CSIDL_COOKIES",
"CSIDL_HISTORY",
"CSIDL_COMMON_APPDATA",
"CSIDL_WINDOWS",
"CSIDL_SYSTEM",
"CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES",
"CSIDL_MYPICTURES",
"CSIDL_PROFILE",
"CSIDL_SYSTEMX86",
"CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILESX86",
"CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMON",
"CSIDL_PROGRAM_FILES_COMMONX86",
"CSIDL_COMMON_TEMPLATES",
"CSIDL_COMMON_DOCUMENTS",
"CSIDL_COMMON_ADMINTOOLS",
"CSIDL_ADMINTOOLS",
"CSIDL_CONNECTIONS",
"CSIDL_COMMON_MUSIC",
"CSIDL_COMMON_PICTURES",
"CSIDL_COMMON_VIDEO",
"CSIDL_RESOURCES",
"CSIDL_RESOURCES_LOCALIZED",
"CSIDL_COMMON_OEM_LINKS",
"CSIDL_CDBURN_AREA",
"CSIDL_COMPUTERSNEARME",
};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(CSIDLs) / sizeof(CSIDLs[0]); i++) {
BOOL bRet = SHGetSpecialFolderPath(NULL, szPath, CSIDLs[i], FALSE);
if (!bRet) {
printf("SHGetSpecialFolderPath %02d. %02d %s fail (%ld) \n", i, CSIDLs[i], szCSIDLs[i], GetLastError());
//(1008)-试图引用不存在的令牌
}
else {
printf("SHGetSpecialFolderPath %02d. %02d %s -> %ls \n", i, CSIDLs[i], szCSIDLs[i], szPath);
}
}
system("pause");
return TRUE;
}