Restlet参考REST标准的术语,如:资源(resource)、表示(representation)、连接器(connector)、组件(component)、媒体类型(media type)、语言(language),等等。Restlet增加了一些专门的类(如Application、Filter、Finder、Router和Route),用以简化restlets的彼此结合,以及简化把收到的请求(incoming requests)映射为处理它们的资源。
其他Restlet介绍见: Restlet 入门。本节简单介绍restlet2+spring4的集成及客户端访问。
1.spring web基础环境
见上一节Jersey创建的web工程testRest。
2.REST地址
与上一节类似,设计restlet模块rest接口地址:
/restlet/teachers GET 获取所有资源
/restlet/teachers POST 创建新资源,content中包含资源内容
/restlet/teacher/{id} GET 获取编号为id的资源
/restlet/teacher/{id} PUT 更新编号为id的资源,content中包含资源内容
/restlet/teacher/{id} DELETE 删除编号为id的资源
3.restlet库
在项目pom.xml中加入Restlet依赖:
maven-restlet Restlet repository https://maven.restlet.com 2.3.5 1.2.7 ... org.restlet.jee org.restlet ${restlet.version} org.restlet.jee org.restlet.ext.json ${restlet.version} org.restlet.jee org.restlet.ext.spring ${restlet.version} org.restlet.jee org.restlet.ext.servlet ${restlet.version} org.restlet.jee org.restlet.ext.xml ${restlet.version} org.restlet.jee org.restlet.ext.oauth ${restlet.version} com.alibaba fastjson ${fastjson.version} ... com.google.guava guava ${guava.version}
Restlet使用版本2.3.5,并加入servlet、spring、json、xml等包。因Restlet库不在中央仓库中,所以要加入https://maven.restlet.com仓库。
4.Servlet
配置Restlet访问入口。
restlet org.restlet.ext.spring.SpringServerServlet org.restlet.component component restlet /restlet/*
Restlet Servlet将拦截/restlet/*下的所有访问。
Restlet与web、spring集成后,不需要再自己实现Router、Application、Component。但需要在spring中进行配置。
在配置文件目录src\main\resources\下创建restlet配置目录config\restlet,并创建配置文件restlet.xml:
此处定义的component bean将被web.xml配置的Restlet servlet引用。
5.实现api
在com.sunbin.test.restlet新增TeachersResource类,以实现/teachers路径的接口:
package com.sunbin.test.restlet; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.restlet.data.Form; import org.restlet.ext.json.JsonRepresentation; import org.restlet.representation.Representation; import org.restlet.resource.Get; import org.restlet.resource.Post; import org.restlet.resource.ServerResource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.sunbin.test.teacher.pojo.Teacher; import com.sunbin.test.teacher.service.TeacherService; public class TeachersResource extends ServerResource { @Autowired private TeacherService teacherService; @Get public Representation get() { System.out.println("Restlet TeachersResource.get"); Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("teachers", teacherService.list()); return new JsonRepresentation(JSON.toJSONString(map)); } @Post("*:json") public Representation post(Representation entity){ Map map = new HashMap(); try { Form form = new Form(entity); System.out.println("Restlet TeachersResource.post:"+form); Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); teacher.setName(form.getFirstValue("name")); teacher.setAge(Integer.parseInt(form.getFirstValue("age"))); teacherService.save(teacher); map.put("status", "y"); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return new JsonRepresentation(JSON.toJSONString(map)); } }
用到了以下Restlet自带注解:
@Get:GET请求的响应方法。
@Post("*:json"):POST请求的响应方法,指定*可接受各种Content-Type的请求数据,json可返回Content-Type:application/json数据。
需要注意的是,Restlet自带的json返回new JsonRepresentation(map)会对Map中的键值简单调用toString,再返回json串例如:{"teachers":["Teacher [id=1, age=1, name=a]","Teacher [id=2, age=2, name=b]"]},这就不是标准json了。所以干脆使用阿里的fastjson库先将结果转成JSONString,再返回:{"teachers":[{"age":1,"id":1,"name":"a"},{"age":2,"id":2,"name":"b"}]}。
新增TeacherResource类,以实现/teacher/{id}路径的接口:
package com.sunbin.test.restlet; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.restlet.data.Form; import org.restlet.ext.json.JsonRepresentation; import org.restlet.representation.Representation; import org.restlet.resource.Delete; import org.restlet.resource.Get; import org.restlet.resource.Put; import org.restlet.resource.ServerResource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.sunbin.test.teacher.pojo.Teacher; import com.sunbin.test.teacher.service.TeacherService; public class TeacherResource extends ServerResource{ @Autowired private TeacherService teacherService; @Get public Representation get(){ String id = (String)getRequest().getAttributes().get("id"); System.out.println("Restlet TeacherResource.get:"+id); Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); teacher.setId(Integer.parseInt(id)); Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("teacher", teacherService.get(teacher)); return new JsonRepresentation(JSON.toJSONString(map)); } @Put public Representation put(Representation entity){ Map map = new HashMap(); try { String id = (String)getRequest().getAttributes().get("id"); Form form = new Form(entity); System.out.println("Restlet TeacherResource.put:"+id+":"+form); Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); teacher.setId(Integer.parseInt(id)); teacher.setName(form.getFirstValue("name")); teacher.setAge(Integer.parseInt(form.getFirstValue("age"))); teacherService.update(teacher); map.put("status", "y"); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return new JsonRepresentation(JSON.toJSONString(map)); } @Delete public Representation delete(){ Map map = new HashMap(); try { String id = (String)getRequest().getAttributes().get("id"); System.out.println("Restlet TeacherResource.delete:"+id); Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); teacher.setId(Integer.parseInt(id)); teacherService.remove(teacher); map.put("status", "y"); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return new JsonRepresentation(JSON.toJSONString(map)); } }
同样使用的不是JAX-RS注解,而是Restlet自带注解(大小写不同)。
restlet的路径绑定需要配置在spring文件中。在restlet.xml中增加配置:
6.js测试
使用上一节的测试页面src\main\webapp\rest\index.jsp进行测试:
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