Junit,Mockito,PowerMockito 进行单元测试

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编写不易,转载请注明( http://shihlei.iteye.com/blog/2383925)!
 

概述:

    介绍基于Junit ,Mockito,PowerMockito 常用的测试方法,包括异常测试,私有方法测试,没有返回值的方法测试,基于mock或spy的测试;
    其中包含常规方法mock,私有方法mock。 

一 测试介绍

1)测试原则:
       凡是需要验证的方法都可以写单元测试,证明预期行为(不区分 controller,service ,dao)
 
2)测试分类:
        a)单元测试:测试方法的 “逻辑” 是否满足期望。
        b)集成测试:集成各个依赖组件,测试整体流程是否能通。
 
3)关于依赖:
        单元测试一般测试当前方法的逻辑,不测试被依赖的类方法或自己的私有方法。
 
4)Mock 和 Spy 生成类区别
    Mock:生成的类,所有方法都不是真实的方法,而且返回值都是NULL; 通过when 指定行为。
    Spy:生成的类,所有方法都是真实方法,返回值都是和真实方法一样的;通过when 来将某个真实的方法,替换为指定行为的执行。
 
5)参考
            1)普通mockito mock
                http://site.mockito.org/
 
            2)使用powerMock ,增强 静态方法,私有方法能力;
                https://github.com/powermock/powermock
 
二 Demo 本程序依赖

    4.0.0
 
    x.test
    test
    1.0-SNAPSHOT
    jar
 
    test
    http://maven.apache.org
 
    
        UTF-8
        4.12
        2.8.47
        1.7.0
        3.8.0
    
 
    
        
        
            junit
            junit
            ${junit.version}
            test
        
        
            org.mockito
            mockito-core
            ${mockito.version}
            test
        
        
            org.powermock
            powermock-module-junit4
            ${powermock.version}
            test
        
        
            org.powermock
            powermock-api-mockito2
            ${powermock.version}
            test
        
        
            org.assertj
            assertj-core
            ${assertj.version}
            test
        
        
        
            com.google.guava
            guava
            20.0
        
    
    
        
            
                org.apache.maven.plugins
                maven-compiler-plugin
                
                    1.8
                    1.8
                
            
        
 
    
 

三 简单的测试

    测试抛异常,无返回值的方法测试,私有方法测试
1)被测试类
package x.test.simple;
 
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
 
/**
* 测试demo class
* 

* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10. */ public class HelloWho { private String who; public HelloWho(String who) { //条件路径 if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(who)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("who can not be null!"); } //赋值路径 this.who = who; } public void sayHello() { System.out.println(getHelloMessage()); } private String getHelloMessage() { return "Hello " + who; } }

 
2)测试类
package x.test.simple;

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;

/**
 * 基础测试:
 * 

* 1 测试抛异常 * 2 测试无返回值 * 3 测试私有方法 */ public class HelloWhoTest { @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class) public void test_construction_empty_who_throw_exception() { new HelloWho(""); } @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class) public void test_construction_null_who_throw_exception() { new HelloWho(null); } /** * 无返回值的方法测试,查看其修改的成员变量是否成功 */ @Test public void test_construction_args_set_who() throws Exception { //预期结果 String expectWho = "A"; //执行被测试方法 HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(expectWho); //白盒,获取修改的成员变量 String actualWho = (String) Whitebox.getField(helloWho.getClass(), "who").get(helloWho); //断言 Assertions.assertThat(actualWho).isEqualTo(expectWho); } /** * 测试私有方法 */ @Test public void test_getHelloMessage() throws Exception { //准备方法参数 String who = "A"; //准备预期结构 String expextMessage = "Hello " + who; //执行被测试方法 HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(who); String actualMessage = Whitebox.invokeMethod(helloWho, "getHelloMessage"); //断言 Assertions.assertThat(actualMessage).isEqualTo(expextMessage); } }

 

四 基于Mock的测试

     依赖mock,私有方法mock,验证方法是否被执行

1)被依赖类Dao
package x.test.adv.dao.pojo;
 
/**
* 用户
* 

* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10. */ public class User { } package x.test.adv.dao; import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User; /** * 用户dao * Created by shilei on 2017/7/10. */ public interface UserDao { /** * 保存 * * @param user 用户 * @return true : 保存成功 ; false : 用户已存在 */ boolean save(User user); }

 
2)待测试类Service
package x.test.adv.service;
 
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
 
/**
* 用户服务
* 

* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10. */ public interface UserService { /** * 保存 , 如果保存成功,记录日志 * * @param user user */ void save(User user); } package x.test.adv.service.impl; import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao; import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User; import x.test.adv.service.UserService; /** * 带依赖的测试 *

* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10. */ public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { private UserDao userDao; @Override public void save(User user) { //保存 boolean isSave = userDao.save(user); //写大数据日志 if (isSave) { writeLog(user); } } private void writeLog(User user) { System.out.println(user); } }

 
3)测试类
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
 
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
 
/**
* 带依赖的测试:
* 1 mock 依赖
* 2 mock 私有方法
*/
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
//mock 静态方法,私有方法,需要添加该注解,以便通知框架
@PrepareForTest(UserServiceImpl.class)
public class UserServiceImplTest {
 
    //mock 依赖注入到该bean
    @InjectMocks
    private UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl;
 
    //mock 依赖
    @Mock
    private UserDao userDao;
 
    //完成依赖注入
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
 
    /**
     * 测试保存成功,写日志
     */
    @Test
    public void test_save_true_verify_writelog() throws Exception {
        // 侦查对象
        UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
 
        //创建输入
        User user = new User();
 
        //打桩
        // mock 依赖行为,等价于  BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
        Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(true);
        //mock 私有方法
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
 
        //调用实际方法
        spyUserService.save(user);
 
        //断言 writelog 被执行一次
        PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(1)).invoke("writeLog", user);
    }
 
    /**
     * 测试保存成功,写日志
     */
    @Test
    public void test_save_false_no_writelog() throws Exception{
        // 侦查对象
        UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
 
        //创建输入
        User user = new User();
 
        //打桩
        // mock 依赖行为,等价于  BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
        Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(false);
        //mock 私有方法
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
 
        //调用实际方法
        spyUserService.save(user);
 
        //断言 writelog 被执行一次
        PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(0)).invoke("writeLog", user);
    }
} 
 

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