从LFS官方文档构建完整Linux系统

这不是新手教程！！！

• Parallels Desktop (为防止找不到网卡 NIC Type设成Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT)。
• kali-linux-2.0-amd64(i386).iso (该liveCD编译工具算完整，liveCD启动另外安装bison、gawk，直接apt-get install 安装即可)。需要多次编译的包，先删掉，再重新解压，编译，否则会造成不可扭转的错误。
• 其它虚拟机硬件按个人需求设置。建议IDE硬盘，DOS分区。
• 宿主系统所需工具检测 

library-check.sh

#!/bin/bash
for lib in lib{gmp,mpfr,mpc}.la; do
  echo $lib: $(if find /usr/lib* -name $lib|
               grep -q $lib;then :;else echo not;fi) found
done
unset lib

 编译安装 GMP、MPFR、MPC

 

version-check.sh

 1 #!/bin/bash
 2 # Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
 3  
 4 export LC_ALL=C
 5 bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
 6 echo "/bin/sh -> `readlink -f /bin/sh`"
 7 echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
 8 bison --version | head -n1
 9 if [ -e /usr/bin/yacc ];
10   then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
11   else echo "yacc not found"; fi
12  
13 bzip2 --version 2>&1 < /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
14 echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
15 diff --version | head -n1
16 find --version | head -n1
17 gawk --version | head -n1
18 if [ -e /usr/bin/awk ];
19   then echo "/usr/bin/awk -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
20   else echo "awk not found"; fi
21  
22 gcc --version | head -n1
23 ldd --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-  # glibc version
24 grep --version | head -n1
25 gzip --version | head -n1
26 cat /proc/version
27 m4 --version | head -n1
28 make --version | head -n1
29 patch --version | head -n1
30 echo Perl `perl -V:version`
31 sed --version | head -n1
32 tar --version | head -n1
33 echo "Texinfo: `makeinfo --version | head -n1`"
34 xz --version | head -n1
35  
36 echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c && gcc -o dummy dummy.c
37 if [ -x dummy ]
38   then echo "gcc compilation OK";
39   else echo "gcc compilation failed"; fi
40 rm -f dummy.c dummy
41 
42 echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c && g++ -o dummy dummy.c
43 if [ -x dummy ]
44  then echo "g++ compilation OK";
45  else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
46 rm -f dummy.c dummy

• 构建方法按官方文档一步步来，只是复制粘贴而已。下面说些要注意的地方。（构建完tools，进入chroot后）

　　编译安装GCC时，可以不要check，但一定执行以下命令

1 install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins 
2 
3 ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/5.2.0/liblto_plugin.so /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/

　　否则后续编译软件的时候出现找不到类库和头文件的问题。如果不放心，每次安装完一个软件ldconfig一下。

• 安装完软件后（编译内核和安装GRUB前）可以不按照文档的方法配置相关文件。安装下面方法配置基本系统所需的文件，可满足系统的基本运行，和连接网络。

时间设置（Configuring the setclock Script）
cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
UTC=1
# End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF

bash /lib/udev/init-net-rules.sh

cat > /etc/udev/rules.d/83-duplicate_devs.rules << "EOF"
# Persistent symlinks for webcam and tuner
KERNEL=="video*", ATTRS{idProduct}=="1910", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0d81", \
    SYMLINK+="webcam"
KERNEL=="video*", ATTRS{device}=="0x036f", ATTRS{vendor}=="0x109e", \
    SYMLINK+="tvtuner"
EOF

cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab
EOF

cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/console 
FONT="lat2a-16 -m 8859-2"
# End /etc/sysconfig/console
EOF

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
# End /etc/shells
EOF

设置bash下的键盘功能键设置
cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On
set convert-meta Off
set output-meta On
set bell-style none
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line
EOF

设置Bash Shell启动文件（The Bash Shell Startup Files）
cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=en_US:en
export LC_NUMERIC=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8
export LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8
export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
alias ls="ls --color"
export PS1='\u:\w\$ '
# End /etc/profile
EOF

设置本地网络名
echo "HOSTNAME=SCoreLFS" > /etc/sysconfig/network

设置hosts文件
cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
127.0.0.1 SCoreLFS localhost
# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)
EOF

设置网络的静态地址
cd /etc/sysconfig/


cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT=yes

IFACE=eth0
SERVICE=ipv4-static 
IP=10.211.55.49
GATEWAY=10.211.55.1 
BROADCAST=10.211.55.255

EOF 

设置DNS
cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.211.55.1 
nameserver 8.8.8.8 
# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

建立fstab文件
cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab
# file system  mount-point  type   options         dump  fsck
#                                                        order
/dev/sda1       /            ext4  defaults        1     1
/dev/sda2       swap         swap   pri=1           0     0
proc              /proc        proc   defaults        0     0
sysfs             /sys         sysfs  defaults        0     0
devpts          /dev/pts     devpts gid=4,mode=620  0     0
#shm              /dev/shm     tmpfs  defaults        0     0
# End /etc/fstab
EOF

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
 
cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true
# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF

• 编译内核时选择下面基本的项

-> Device Drivers
-> SCSI device support
- > SCSI disk support

-> Device Drivers
-> SCSI device support
-> SCSI low-level drivers -> BusLogic SCSI support

-> Device Drivers
-> Fusion MPT device support
-> Fusion MPT (base + ScsiHost) drivers

-> Device Drivers
-> Networking support
-> Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)
-> AMD PCnet32 PCI support

-> Device Drivers
-> USB support
-> Support for Host-side USB
-> EHCI HCD (USB 2.0) support
-> UHCI HCD (most Intel and VIA) support -> USB Mass Storage support

E100/E1000、ext4 相关项

• logout到宿主系统前记得passwd设置一下root密码。

为了后续安装软件和使用方便，建议根据blfs文档安装openssh、openssl和wget。至于ssh的配置可以按照下面方法，可以解决root登录和权限问题

1 vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config 添加下面代码
2 
3 PasswordAuthentication yes
4 PermitRootLogin yes

• 问题：安装完系统虚拟机的磁盘占空间过大，达10几G。而在LFS系统内查询的结果，加swap分区也不过2G。而且无法释放。这个问题很困惑，找了很久没找到方法。如果谁知道的，在评论里面回复。谢谢！！！