前言
Java NIO(new/inputstream outputstream)使用通道、缓冲来操作流,所以要深刻理解这些概念,尤其是,缓冲中的数据结构(当前位置(position)、限制(limit)、容量(capacity)),这些知识点要通过写程序慢慢体会。
NIO vs 传统IO
NIO是面向缓冲、通道的;传统IO面向流
通道是双向的既可以写、也可以读;传统IO只能是单向的
NIO可以设置为异步;传统IO只能是阻塞,同步的
缓冲区结构图
NIO是面向缓冲区的,缓冲区可以理解为一块内存,有大小。缓冲区有位置、界限、容量几个概念。
capacity:容量,缓冲区的大小
limit:限制,表示最大的可读写的数量
position:当前位置,每当读写,当前位置都会加一
flip和clear方法,内部就操作这三个变量。
缓冲区常用方法
clear:将当前位置设置为0,限制设置为容量,目的是尽最大可能让字节,由通道读取到缓冲中
flip:当前位置置为限制,然后将当前位置置为0,目的是将有数据部分的字节,由缓冲写入到通道中。通常用在读与写之间。
package com.nio;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
public class TestJavaNio {
public static String pathname = "d://read.txt";
public static String filename = "d://write.txt";
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static void main(String[] args) {
readNIO();
writeNIO();
//testReadAndWriteNIO();
}
public static void readNIO() {
FileInputStream fin = null;
try {
fin = new FileInputStream(new File(pathname));
FileChannel channel = fin.getChannel();
int capacity = 1000;// 字节
ByteBuffer bf = ByteBuffer.allocate(capacity);
System.out.println("限制是:" + bf.limit() + ",容量是:" + bf.capacity() + " ,位置是:" + bf.position());
int length = -1;
while ((length = channel.read(bf)) != -1) {
/*
* 注意,读取后,将位置置为0,将limit置为容量, 以备下次读入到字节缓冲中,从0开始存储
*/
bf.clear();
byte[] bytes = bf.array();
System.out.println("start..............");
String str = new String(bytes, 0, length);
System.out.println(str);
//System.out.write(bytes, 0, length);
System.out.println("end................");
System.out.println("限制是:" + bf.limit() + "容量是:" + bf.capacity() + "位置是:" + bf.position());
}
channel.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fin != null) {
try {
fin.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void writeNIO() {
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(filename));
FileChannel channel = fos.getChannel();
ByteBuffer src = Charset.forName("utf8").encode("你好你好你好你好你好");
// 字节缓冲的容量和limit会随着数据长度变化,不是固定不变的
System.out.println("初始化容量和limit:" + src.capacity() + ","
+ src.limit());
int length = 0;
while ((length = channel.write(src)) != 0) {
/*
* 注意,这里不需要clear,将缓冲中的数据写入到通道中后 第二次接着上一次的顺序往下读
*/
System.out.println("写入长度:" + length);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public static void testReadAndWriteNIO() {
FileInputStream fin = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
try {
fin = new FileInputStream(new File(pathname));
FileChannel channel = fin.getChannel();
int capacity = 100;// 字节
ByteBuffer bf = ByteBuffer.allocate(capacity);
System.out.println("限制是:" + bf.limit() + "容量是:" + bf.capacity() + "位置是:" + bf.position());
int length = -1;
fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(filename));
FileChannel outchannel = fos.getChannel();
while ((length = channel.read(bf)) != -1) {
//将当前位置置为limit,然后设置当前位置为0,也就是从0到limit这块,都写入到同道中
bf.flip();
int outlength = 0;
while ((outlength = outchannel.write(bf)) != 0) {
System.out.println("读," + length + "写," + outlength);
}
//将当前位置置为0,然后设置limit为容量,也就是从0到limit(容量)这块,
//都可以利用,通道读取的数据存储到
//0到limit这块
bf.clear();
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (fin != null) {
try {
fin.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (fos != null) {
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
nio实现逐行读取文件
package com.haha.demo.nio;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
public class NioReadLine {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//指定读取文件所在位置
File file = new File("d://read.txt");
FileChannel fileChannel = new RandomAccessFile(file,"r").getChannel();
// FileChannel fileChannel = new FileInputStream(file).getChannel();
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
//使用temp字节数组用于存储不完整的行的内容
byte[] temp = new byte[0];
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
while(fileChannel.read(byteBuffer) != -1) {
byte[] bs = new byte[byteBuffer.position()];
byteBuffer.flip();
byteBuffer.get(bs);
byteBuffer.clear();
int startNum=0;
//判断是否出现了换行符,注意这要区分LF-\n,CR-\r,CRLF-\r\n,这里判断\n
boolean isNewLine = false;
for(int i=0;i < bs.length;i++) {
if(bs[i] == 10) {
isNewLine = true;
startNum = i;
}
}
if(isNewLine) {
//如果出现了换行符,将temp中的内容与换行符之前的内容拼接
byte[] toTemp = new byte[temp.length+startNum];
System.arraycopy(temp,0,toTemp,0,temp.length);
System.arraycopy(bs,0,toTemp,temp.length,startNum);
// System.out.println(new String(toTemp));
//将换行符之后的内容(去除换行符)存到temp中
temp = new byte[bs.length-startNum-1];
System.arraycopy(bs,startNum+1,temp,0,bs.length-startNum-1);
//使用return即为单行读取,不打开即为全部读取
// return;
} else {
//如果没出现换行符,则将内容保存到temp中
byte[] toTemp = new byte[temp.length + bs.length];
System.arraycopy(temp, 0, toTemp, 0, temp.length);
System.arraycopy(bs, 0, toTemp, temp.length, bs.length);
temp = toTemp;
}
}
if(temp.length>0) {
System.out.println(new String(temp));
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(endTime-startTime);
}
}