typecho流程原理和插件机制浅析(第一弹)

虽然新版本0.9在多次跳票后终于发布了,在漫长的等待里始终有一批人不离不弃,其中不乏一些主题和插件开发者,还有一些忠实的粉丝,但是就是这样一个blog系统还是由于缺乏相关文档和主题插件使很多想要摆脱wp的用户难以跨出最后一步,很多想要学习插件开发的人也因为对机制不了解找不到头绪,今天就简单介绍一下typecho的执行流程和插件机制,并配合一些简单的例子来帮助那些找不到头绪的人,大牛可以路过了!

简要流程分析

Typecho是单入口程序,一切访问都通过index.php,所以还要从index.php的代码开始。(以0.9正式版为例,代码只贴流程必须部分)

if (!@include_once 'config.inc.php') {
    file_exists('./install.php') ? header('Location: install.php') : print('Missing Config File');
    exit;
}

/** 初始化组件 */
Typecho_Widget::widget('Widget_Init');

/** 注册一个初始化插件 */
Typecho_Plugin::factory('index.php')->begin();

/** 开始路由分发 */
Typecho_Router::dispatch();

/** 注册一个结束插件 */
Typecho_Plugin::factory('index.php')->end();

整个index.php只做了三件事

  • 加载config.inc.php(config.inc.php设置了相关目录、包含路径、加载系统基础类库、 程序初始化Typecho_Common::init();、最后设置数据库连接参数,此处自行查看)
  • 执行Typecho_Widget::widget('Widget_Init');
  • 执行Typecho_Router::dispatch();

那么程序初始化又做了些什么呢?

        function __autoLoad($className)
        {
            /**
             * 自动载入函数并不判断此类的文件是否存在, 我们认为当你显式的调用它时, 你已经确认它存在了
             * 如果真的无法被加载, 那么系统将出现一个严重错误(Fetal Error)
             * 如果你需要判断一个类能否被加载, 请使用 Typecho_Common::isAvailableClass 方法
             */
            @include_once str_replace('_', '/', $className) . '.php';
        }

设置自动载入,将Typecho_Widget_替换为/,并加上.php

Typecho/Widget.php,并include_once 'Typecho/Widget.php';

执行Typecho_Widght类的Widget静态函数,参数为Widget_Init

    public static function widget($alias, $params = NULL, $request = NULL, $enableResponse = true)
    {
        list($className) = explode('@', $alias);

        if (!isset(self::$_widgetPool[$alias])) {
            $fileName = str_replace('_', '/', $className) . '.php';
            require_once $fileName;

            /** 如果类不存在 */
            if (!class_exists($className)) {
                /** Typecho_Exception */
                require_once 'Typecho/Widget/Exception.php';
                throw new Typecho_Widget_Exception($className);
            }

            /** 初始化request */
            if (!empty($request)) {
                $requestObject = new Typecho_Request();
                $requestObject->setParams($request);
            } else {
                $requestObject = Typecho_Request::getInstance();
            }

            /** 初始化response */
            $responseObject = $enableResponse ? Typecho_Response::getInstance()
            : Typecho_Widget_Helper_Empty::getInstance();

            /** 初始化组件 */
            $widget = new $className($requestObject, $responseObject, $params);

            $widget->execute();
            self::$_widgetPool[$alias] = $widget;
        }

        return self::$_widgetPool[$alias];
    }

同样,将Widget_Init_替换为/,并加上.php

Widget/Init.php,并require_once 'Widget/Init.php';

并且执行Widget_Initexecute函数

widget('Widget_Options'); 

        /** cookie初始化 */
        Typecho_Cookie::setPrefix($options->siteUrl);

        /** 初始化charset */
        Typecho_Common::$charset = $options->charset;

        /** 初始化exception */
        Typecho_Common::$exceptionHandle = 'Widget_ExceptionHandle';

        /** 设置路径 */
        if (defined('__TYPECHO_PATHINFO_ENCODING__')) {
            $pathInfo = $this->request->getPathInfo(__TYPECHO_PATHINFO_ENCODING__, $options->charset);
        } else {
            $pathInfo = $this->request->getPathInfo();
        }

        Typecho_Router::setPathInfo($pathInfo);

        /** 初始化路由器 */
        Typecho_Router::setRoutes($options->routingTable);

        /** 初始化插件 */
        Typecho_Plugin::init($options->plugins);

        /** 初始化回执 */
        $this->response->setCharset($options->charset);
        $this->response->setContentType($options->contentType);

        /** 默认时区 */
        if (function_exists("ini_get") && !ini_get("date.timezone") && function_exists("date_default_timezone_set")) {
            @date_default_timezone_set('UTC');
        }

        /** 初始化时区 */
        Typecho_Date::setTimezoneOffset($options->timezone);

        /** 开始会话, 减小负载只针对后台打开session支持 */
        if ($this->widget('Widget_User')->hasLogin()) {
            @session_start();
        }

        /** 监听缓冲区 */
        ob_start();
    }
}

真正的初始化是在Typecho_Init,其中最重要的两项任务就是

  • 获取 pathinfo (比如访问文章http://localhost/archives/1/,则 pathinfo 为/archives/1/
  • 从数据库读取系统路由表(optionroutingTable字段)

举例系统安装完成默认路由

            [index] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^[/]?$|
                    [format] => /
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                        )

                )

            [archive] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /blog/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/blog[/]?$|
                    [format] => /blog/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                        )

                )

            [do] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /action/[action:alpha]
                    [widget] => Widget_Do
                    [action] => action
                    [regx] => |^/action/([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /action/%s
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => action
                        )

                )

            [post] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /archives/[cid:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/archives/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /archives/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => cid
                        )

                )

            [attachment] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /attachment/[cid:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/attachment/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /attachment/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => cid
                        )

                )

            [category] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /category/[slug]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/category/([^/]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /category/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => slug
                        )

                )

            [tag] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /tag/[slug]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/tag/([^/]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /tag/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => slug
                        )

                )

            [author] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /author/[uid:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/author/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /author/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => uid
                        )

                )

            [search] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /search/[keywords]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/search/([^/]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /search/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => keywords
                        )

                )

            [index_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /page/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/page/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /page/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => page
                        )

                )

            [archive_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /blog/page/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/blog/page/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /blog/page/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => page
                        )

                )

            [category_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /category/[slug]/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/category/([^/]+)/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /category/%s/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => slug
                            [1] => page
                        )

                )

            [tag_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /tag/[slug]/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/tag/([^/]+)/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /tag/%s/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => slug
                            [1] => page
                        )

                )

            [author_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /author/[uid:digital]/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/author/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /author/%s/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => uid
                            [1] => page
                        )

                )

            [search_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /search/[keywords]/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/search/([^/]+)/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /search/%s/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => keywords
                            [1] => page
                        )

                )

            [archive_year] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[year:digital:4]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([0-9]{4})[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => year
                        )

                )

            [archive_month] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[year:digital:4]/[month:digital:2]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => year
                            [1] => month
                        )

                )

            [archive_day] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[year:digital:4]/[month:digital:2]/[day:digital:2]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]{2})[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s/%s/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => year
                            [1] => month
                            [2] => day
                        )

                )

            [archive_year_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[year:digital:4]/page/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([0-9]{4})/page/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s/page/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => year
                            [1] => page
                        )

                )

            [archive_month_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[year:digital:4]/[month:digital:2]/page/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/page/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s/%s/page/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => year
                            [1] => month
                            [2] => page
                        )

                )

            [archive_day_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[year:digital:4]/[month:digital:2]/[day:digital:2]/page/[page:digital]/
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]{2})/page/([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s/%s/%s/page/%s/
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => year
                            [1] => month
                            [2] => day
                            [3] => page
                        )

                )

            [comment_page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => [permalink:string]/comment-page-[commentPage:digital]
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^(.+)/comment\-page\-([0-9]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => %s/comment-page-%s
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => permalink
                            [1] => commentPage
                        )

                )

            [feed] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /feed[feed:string:0]
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => feed
                    [regx] => |^/feed(.*)[/]?$|
                    [format] => /feed%s
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => feed
                        )

                )

            [feedback] => Array
                (
                    [url] => [permalink:string]/[type:alpha]
                    [widget] => Widget_Feedback
                    [action] => action
                    [regx] => |^(.+)/([_0-9a-zA-Z-]+)[/]?$|
                    [format] => %s/%s
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => permalink
                            [1] => type
                        )

                )

            [page] => Array
                (
                    [url] => /[slug].html
                    [widget] => Widget_Archive
                    [action] => render
                    [regx] => |^/([^/]+)\.html[/]?$|
                    [format] => /%s.html
                    [params] => Array
                        (
                            [0] => slug
                        )

这个在代码里标为routingTable的东西其实就是程序对不同pathinfo的解析规则。

剩下的活就交给index.php里的Typecho_Router::dispatch();

这句的注释是/** 开始路由分发 */

接着上边 pathinfo =/archives/1/的例子

dispatch函数将路由表里的[regx]里的正则表达式一一进行正则匹配,发现与[post]的匹配,并1提取作为参数cid的值,并将参数cid=1作为参数提交给Widget_Archive类的render函数,Widget_Archive类根据类型postcid=1进行数据查询和模板渲染发送给客户端,至此一个简单的执行流程就完成了!

细心的读者可能会发现,为什么系统路由里的怎么都是

[widget] => Widget_Archive
[action] => render

这是因为typecho在类Widget_Archive里还根据不同的访问类型调用了不同的查询函数,这个以后再说!

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