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Oracle SQL高级编程——Model子句全解析

参见《Oracle SQL高级编程》。

第一个例子，初步认识

SH@ prod> col product format a30
SH@ prod> col country format a10
SH@ prod> col region format a10
SH@ prod> col year format 9999
SH@ prod> col week format 99
SH@ prod> col sale format 999999
SH@ prod> set linesize 180 pagesize 100
SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules automatic order(
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] )
 11  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82      30      35.76
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      8.942      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   10        .01     118    114.831
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   12      -14.9      60       44.7
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   14     11.756      59     70.536
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   15      5.878      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   17     11.756      59     70.536
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   18      8.817     118    114.621
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   19      2.919      59     53.082
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   21       2.98      60      62.58
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   23    -11.756     118    105.804
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   26     11.756     118    129.316
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   27     14.632      58     60.396
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   28       .202      58      43.29
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   29    -14.228      58      43.29
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   34     -2.886     115    112.554
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   35     -8.638      58     51.768
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   38    -11.464     116    104.376
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   39     -5.792     116    121.512
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   40    -11.544      58     51.768
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   41    -17.376      58     52.488
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   42     -5.832     116    127.384

Model子句剖析

在一个使用MODEL子句的SQL语句中，有3组列：分区列，维度列以及度量值列。
上一个例子中：
partition by (product , country)指定了分区列，
dimension by (year , week)指定了维度列，也就是指向数元素的索引，
measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)指定了度量值列。

rules automatic order(
        inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
                                    - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] + 
                                    + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] )

这个子句表示规则。
这个是一个递推的规则：本周的库存量 = 上周的 – 卖掉的 + 新进的。
Cv函数表示规则表达示左侧中的索引的值。

用位置标记进行UPSERT操作

有则修改，没有则插入。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules automatic order(
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 11  sale[1997 , 1] = 0 ,
 12  receipts[1997 , 1] = 0 )
 13  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1997    1          0       0          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82      30      35.76
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      8.942      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   10        .01     118    114.831
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   12      -14.9      60       44.7

修改了1998年的初始值，下面其它月份的值也受到了影响，因为是递推的。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules automatic order(
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 11  sale[1998 , 1] = 0 ,
 12  receipts[1998 , 1] = 0 )
 13  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1          0       0          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2      5.878      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     11.776      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       -.02      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5       5.94      30      35.76
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6       .062      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   10        .01     118    114.831
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   12      -14.9      60       44.7
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   14     11.756      59     70.536

用符号标记进行UPDATE操作（不能INSERT）

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , sale  from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model return updated rows 
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures ( sale )
  7  rules(  sale[year in(2000 , 2001) , week in (1 , 52 , 53 )] order by year , week 
  8  = sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] * 1.10 )
  9  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK    SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- -------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    1      51
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000   52      74
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1     101
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001   52      25

因为是return updated rows所以只返回了四行，不存在的行并不会被插入。

针对维度用FOR进行UPSERT操作

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules automatic order(
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 11  sale[2002, for week from 1 to 53 increment 1 ] = 0 ,
 12  receipts[2002 , for week from 1 to 53 increment 1] = 0 )
 13  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82      30      35.76

不加RETURN UPDATED ROWS

下面的语句与上数第二个是一样的，只是没有加RETURN UPDATED ROWS。会返回所有行。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , sale  from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model 
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures ( sale )
  7  rules(  sale[year in(2000 , 2001) , week in (1 , 52 , 53 )] order by year , week 
  8  = sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] * 1.10 )
  9  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK    SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- -------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1      58
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2      29
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3      29
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4      29
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      30
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      59
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      59
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   10     118
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   12      60

位置标记的UPSERT与RETURN UPDATED ROWS

由于规则只更新了一行，所以一定只返回一行。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , sale  from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures ( sale )
  7  rules(  sale[2000,1] = 0 )
  8  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK    SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- -------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    1       0

Model子句中规则的求解顺序

下面的语句会报错，因既没有显式的指定求解顺序，又没有加Automatic Order，此时Oracle会使用Sequential Order这种顺序，并不适合这个规则。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' and week < 10
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules (
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)])
 11  order by product , country , year , week ;
select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact
                                                                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32637: Self cyclic rule in sequential order MODEL

添加了Sequential Order之后，与上面的错误是一样的

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' and week < 10
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules sequential order (
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)])
 11  order by product , country , year , week ;
select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact
                                                                          *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-32637: Self cyclic rule in sequential order MODEL

解决办法1，添另Automatic Order：

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' and week < 10
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules automatic order (
  8  inventory[year , week] = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
  9  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 10  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)])
 11  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82      30      35.76
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      8.942      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    1      2.676      54     56.196
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    3       4.73      95      99.33
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    4       4.73      41       40.5
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    5     10.064      80     85.344
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    6      6.014      41      36.45
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    8     -2.196     103    100.914
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    9     13.806      53     69.342
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    1    -11.675      47     35.025
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    3     11.602      93    105.012
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    4      6.948      47     41.886
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    5     16.288      47      56.04
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    7          0      71       70.8
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    8      2.327      47     48.867
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1      4.634      92     96.894
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    2     21.182     118    134.928
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    3     35.354      47     61.412
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    4     24.294     257     245.64
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    5      26.76      93     95.906
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    6     24.516      22     20.196
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    7      17.52      70     62.964
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    8     19.646      46     48.186
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    9     21.984      93     95.008

解决办法2，具体指定顺序：

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' and week < 10
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules (
  8  inventory[year , week] order by year , week 
  9  = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
 10  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 11  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)])
 12  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82      30      35.76
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      8.942      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    1      2.676      54     56.196
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    3       4.73      95      99.33
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    4       4.73      41       40.5
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    5     10.064      80     85.344
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    6      6.014      41      36.45
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    8     -2.196     103    100.914
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    9     13.806      53     69.342
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    1    -11.675      47     35.025
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    3     11.602      93    105.012
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    4      6.948      47     41.886
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    5     16.288      47      56.04
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    7          0      71       70.8
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    8      2.327      47     48.867
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1      4.634      92     96.894
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    2     21.182     118    134.928
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    3     35.354      47     61.412
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    4     24.294     257     245.64
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    5      26.76      93     95.906
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    6     24.516      22     20.196
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    7      17.52      70     62.964
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    8     19.646      46     48.186
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    9     21.984      93     95.008

神奇的逆序求解（不知是怎么求出来的）

按照逻辑来说，要先知道1才能知道2，但是下面不知道是怎么求的。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  2  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' and week < 10
  3  model return updated rows
  4  partition by (product , country)
  5  dimension by (year , week)
  6  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  7  rules (
  8  inventory[year , week] order by year , week desc  
  9  = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
 10  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 11  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)])
 12  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2      5.878      29     35.268
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3      5.898      29     35.388
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4    -11.796      29     17.694
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5       5.96      30      35.76
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6     -5.878      59     52.902
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    1      2.676      54     56.196
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    3       4.73      95      99.33
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    4          0      41       40.5
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    5      5.334      80     85.344
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    6      -4.05      41      36.45
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    8     -2.196     103    100.914
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    9     16.002      53     69.342
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    1    -11.675      47     35.025
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    3     11.602      93    105.012
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    4     -4.654      47     41.886
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    5       9.34      47      56.04
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    7          0      71       70.8
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000    8      2.327      47     48.867
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1      4.634      92     96.894
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    2     16.548     118    134.928
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    3     14.172      47     61.412
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    4     -11.06     257     245.64
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    5      2.466      93     95.906
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    6     -2.244      22     20.196
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    7     -6.996      70     62.964
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    8      2.126      46     48.186
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    9      2.338      93     95.008

29 rows selected.

多条规则的顺序问题

下面的这条语句中，不同的顺序求解出来的东西是不一样的。因为两条规则有相关性。
顺序求解

SH@ prod> select * from (
  2  select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  8  rules sequential order(
  9  inventory[year , week] order by year , week
 10  = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
 11  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 12  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 13  receipts [ year in(2000 , 2001) , week in (51 , 52 , 53)] order by year , week 
 14  = receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]*10 )
 15  order by product , country , year , week )
 16  where week > 50 ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   51        .04      58     61.236
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   52      5.812      86     92.152
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999   53     -2.705      27     24.345
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000   52     -1.383      67     660.67
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001   51       4.86     115     1102.8
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001   52     14.116      23     323.96

6 rows selected.

让Oracle自己去判断顺序。

SH@ prod> select * from (
  2  select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures (0 inventory , sale , receipts)
  8  rules automatic order(
  9  inventory[year , week] order by year , week
 10  = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
 11  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 12  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 13  receipts [ year in(2000 , 2001) , week in (51 , 52 , 53)] order by year , week 
 14  = receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]*10 )
 15  order by product , country , year , week )
 16  where week > 50 ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   51        .04      58     61.236
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   52      5.812      86     92.152
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999   53     -2.705      27     24.345
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2000   52     593.22      67     660.67
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001   51     997.38     115     1102.8
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001   52     1298.2      23     323.96

Model中的聚合

下面语句中的avg_inventory[year, ANY] = avg(inventory)[cv(year) , week ]，用ANY是因为右侧的表达式对于所有的week都会返回相同的值，所以没必要重复计算，对于所有的week只需要计算一次就行了。Avg后面的[cv(year) , week ]表示聚合的范围是这一年和所有周。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , inventory ,avg_inventory , max_sale
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures (0 inventory , 0 avg_inventory , 0 max_sale , sale , receipts )
  8  rules automatic order(
  9  inventory[year , week] order by year , week
 10  = nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week)-1] , 0 )
 11  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] 
 12  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 13  avg_inventory[year, ANY] = avg(inventory)[cv(year) , week ] , 表示聚合范围为这一年的所有周，因为这
 14  max_sale[year , ANY] = max(sale)[cv(year),week]
 15  )
 16  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY AVG_INVENTORY   MAX_SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      8.942    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   10        .01    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   12      -14.9    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   14     11.756    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   15      5.878    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   17     11.756    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   18      8.817    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   19      2.919    -.72541667     172.56
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   21       2.98    -.72541667     172.56

指定次数的迭代

以下的语句中规则会迭代5次，ITERATION_NUMBER从0到4。

SH@ prod> select year , week , sale , sale_list 
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures ( cast(' ' as varchar2(50) ) sale_list , sale )
  8  rules iterate (5) (
  9  sale_list[year , week ] order by year , week =
 10  sale[cv(year) , cv(week) - ITERATION_NUMBER + 2] ||
 11  case when ITERATION_NUMBER = 0 then ' ' else ' , ' end ||
 12  sale_list[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 13  )
 14  order by year , week ;

 YEAR WEEK    SALE SALE_LIST
----- ---- ------- --------------------------------------------------
 1998    1      58  ,  , 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49
 1998    2      29  , 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49 , 29.49
 1998    3      29 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49 , 29.49 , 29.8
 1998    4      29 29.39 , 29.49 , 29.49 , 29.8 , 58.78
 1998    5      30 29.49 , 29.49 , 29.8 , 58.78 ,
 1998    6      59 29.49 , 29.8 , 58.78 ,  ,
 1998    9      59  ,  , 58.78 , 117.76 ,
 1998   10     118  , 58.78 , 117.76 ,  , 59.6
 1998   12      60 117.76 ,  , 59.6 ,  , 58.78
 1998   14      59 59.6 ,  , 58.78 , 58.78 ,
 1998   15      59  , 58.78 , 58.78 ,  , 58.78
 1998   17      59 58.78 ,  , 58.78 , 117.56 , 58.98
 1998   18     118  , 58.78 , 117.56 , 58.98 ,
 1998   19      59 58.78 , 117.56 , 58.98 ,  , 59.6
 1998   21      60 58.98 ,  , 59.6 ,  , 117.56
 1998   23     118 59.6 ,  , 117.56 ,  ,
 1998   26     118  ,  , 117.56 , 57.52 , 57.72

用PRESENV解决空值的问题

上个例子的结果中有这样的数据
58 , , 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49
是因为访问了不存在的行，返回空值造成的。

用PRESENTV解决这个问题。
PRESENTV(t , v1 , v2) 如果单元格t存在，返回v1，如果不存在，返回v2。

SH@ prod> select year , week , sale , sale_list 
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures ( cast(' ' as varchar2(50) ) sale_list , sale )
  8  rules iterate (5) (
  9  sale_list[year , week ] order by year , week =
 10  presentv(sale[cv(year) , cv(week) - ITERATION_NUMBER + 2] ,
 11  sale[cv(year) , cv(week) - ITERATION_NUMBER + 2] ||
 12  case when ITERATION_NUMBER = 0 then ' ' else ' , ' end ||
 13  sale_list[cv(year) , cv(week)] ,
 14  sale_list[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 15  )
 16  )
 17  order by year , week ;

 YEAR WEEK    SALE SALE_LIST
----- ---- ------- --------------------------------------------------
 1998    1      58 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49
 1998    2      29 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49 , 29.49
 1998    3      29 58.15 , 29.39 , 29.49 , 29.49 , 29.8
 1998    4      29 29.39 , 29.49 , 29.49 , 29.8 , 58.78
 1998    5      30 29.49 , 29.49 , 29.8 , 58.78 ,
 1998    6      59 29.49 , 29.8 , 58.78 ,
 1998    9      59 58.78 , 117.76 ,
 1998   10     118 58.78 , 117.76 , 59.6
 1998   12      60 117.76 , 59.6 , 58.78
 1998   14      59 59.6 , 58.78 , 58.78 ,
 1998   15      59 58.78 , 58.78 , 58.78
 1998   17      59 58.78 , 58.78 , 117.56 , 58.98
 1998   18     118 58.78 , 117.56 , 58.98 ,
 1998   19      59 58.78 , 117.56 , 58.98 , 59.6
 1998   21      60 58.98 , 59.6 , 117.56
 1998   23     118 59.6 , 117.56 ,
 1998   26     118 117.56 , 57.52 , 57.72
 1998   27      58 117.56 , 57.52 , 57.72 , 57.72
 1998   28      58 117.56 , 57.52 , 57.72 , 57.72 ,
 1998   29      58 57.52 , 57.72 , 57.72 ,
 1998   34     115 115.44 , 57.52 ,
 1998   35      58 115.44 , 57.52 ,
 1998   38     116 115.84 , 115.84 , 57.52
 1998   39     116 115.84 , 115.84 , 57.52 , 58.32

PRESENTNNV（NOT NULL VALUE）

用法同PRESENTV，只是多了非空条件。
PRESENTNNV(t , v1 , v2) 如果单元格t存在且非空，返回v1，否则，返回v2。

查找表（参考表）

用REFERENCE关键字可以指定一个参考表。参考表可以查询自其它的表。

SH@ prod> select year , week , sale , prod_list_price 
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  REFERENCE ref_prod on  引用如下的参考表
  6  ( select prod_name , max(prod_list_price) prod_list_price from products
  7  group by prod_name )
  8  dimension by (prod_name )  指定维度（自变量）
  9  measures(prod_list_price)  指定度得值（因变量）
 10  MAIN main_section
 11  partition by (product , country)   分区可以说是维度的维度
 12  dimension by (year , week)
 13  measures ( sale , receipts , 0 prod_list_price )
 14  rules (
 15  prod_list_price[year , week ] order by year , week 
 16  = ref_prod.prod_list_price[cv(product)]  参考表中给定一个维度值，会给出一个measure值。
 17  )
 18  order by year , week ;

 YEAR WEEK    SALE PROD_LIST_PRICE
----- ---- ------- ---------------
 1998    1      58           20.99
 1998    2      29           20.99
 1998    3      29           20.99
 1998    4      29           20.99
 1998    5      30           20.99
 1998    6      59           20.99
 1998    9      59           20.99
 1998   10     118           20.99
 1998   12      60           20.99
 1998   14      59           20.99
 1998   15      59           20.99
 1998   17      59           20.99
 1998   18     118           20.99
 1998   19      59           20.99
 1998   21      60           20.99
 1998   23     118           20.99
 1998   26     118           20.99
 1998   27      58           20.99
 1998   28      58           20.99
 1998   29      58           20.99
 1998   34     115           20.99
 1998   35      58           20.99
 1998   38     116           20.99
 1998   39     116           20.99
 1998   40      58           20.99
 1998   41      58           20.99
 1998   42     116           20.99
 1998   43      58           20.99
 1998   44      58           20.99
 1998   45      58           20.99
 1998   46      58           20.99
 1998   47      58           20.99

两个参考表的情况

SH@ prod> select year , week , sale , prod_list_price , iso_code
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  REFERENCE ref_prod on
  6  ( select prod_name , max(prod_list_price) prod_list_price from products
  7  group by prod_name )
  8  dimension by (prod_name )
  9  measures(prod_list_price)
 10  REFERENCE ref_country on
 11  ( select country_name , country_iso_code from countries )
 12  dimension by (country_name )
 13  measures (country_iso_code)
 14  MAIN main_section
 15  partition by (product , country)
 16  dimension by (year , week)
 17  measures ( sale , receipts , 0 prod_list_price , cast(' ' as varchar2(5)) iso_code )  0表示度量值的默认值。
 18  rules (
 19  prod_list_price[year , week ] order by year , week 
 20  = ref_prod.prod_list_price[cv(product)] ,
 21  iso_code[year , week] order by year , week 
 22  = ref_country.country_iso_code [cv(country)]
 23  )
 24  order by year , week ;

      YEAR       WEEK       SALE PROD_LIST_PRICE ISO_C
---------- ---------- ---------- --------------- -----
      1998          1      58.15           20.99 AU
      1998          2      29.39           20.99 AU
      1998          3      29.49           20.99 AU
      1998          4      29.49           20.99 AU
      1998          5       29.8           20.99 AU
      1998          6      58.78           20.99 AU
      1998          9      58.78           20.99 AU
      1998         10     117.76           20.99 AU
      1998         12       59.6           20.99 AU
      1998         14      58.78           20.99 AU
      1998         15      58.78           20.99 AU
      1998         17      58.78           20.99 AU
      1998         18     117.56           20.99 AU
      1998         19      58.98           20.99 AU
      1998         21       59.6           20.99 AU
      1998         23     117.56           20.99 AU
      1998         26     117.56           20.99 AU
      1998         27      57.52           20.99 AU
      1998         28      57.72           20.99 AU
      1998         29      57.72           20.99 AU
      1998         34     115.44           20.99 AU
      1998         35      57.52           20.99 AU
      1998         38     115.84           20.99 AU
      1998         39     115.84           20.99 AU
      1998         40      57.52           20.99 AU
      1998         41      58.32           20.99 AU
      1998         42     115.84           20.99 AU

对于不存在的单元格的处理

默认的情况下（KEEP NAV）

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , sale 
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures(sale)
  8  rules sequential order (
  9  sale[2001 , 1] order by year , week = sale[2001 , 1] ,
 10  sale[2002 , 1] order by year , week = sale[2001 , 1] + sale[2002 , 1]
 11  )
 12  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK    SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- -------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1      92
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2002    1

指定KEEP NAV （NOT AVAILABLE VALUE），访问不存在的单元格时认为其是不确定值NULL。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , sale 
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model KEEP NAV return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures(sale)
  8  rules sequential order (
  9  sale[2001 , 1] order by year , week = sale[2001 , 1] ,
 10  sale[2002 , 1] order by year , week = sale[2001 , 1] + sale[2002 , 1]
 11  )
 12  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK    SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- -------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1      92
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2002    1

指定IGNORE NAV，访问不存在的单元格时相当于返回了0，而不是NULL（不确定值）。

SH@ prod> select product , country , year , week , sale 
  2  from sales_fact 
  3  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  4  model IGNORE NAV return updated rows
  5  partition by (product , country)
  6  dimension by (year , week)
  7  measures(sale)
  8  rules sequential order (
  9  sale[2001 , 1] order by year , week = sale[2001 , 1] ,
 10  sale[2002 , 1] order by year , week = sale[2001 , 1] + sale[2002 , 1]
 11  )
 12  order by product , country , year , week ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK    SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- -------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2001    1      92
Xtend Memory                   Australia   2002    1      92

Model子句的执行计划

与分析函数类似，这里只是多了一个SQL MODEL ACYCLIC（并不全都是这个）

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  3  from sales_fact 
  4  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  5  model IGNORE NAV return updated rows
  6  partition by (product , country)
  7  dimension by (year , week)
  8  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
  9  rules automatic order (
 10  inventory[year , week] order by year , week =
 11  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 12  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 13  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 14  )
 15  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 612713790

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY      |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   2 |   SQL MODEL ACYCLIC |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALES_FACT |   162 |  9072 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   3 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

15 rows selected.

SQL MODEL ACYCLIC FAST（只访问指定的行时）

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select product , country , year , week , sale_first_week 
  3  from sales_fact 
  4  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  5  model IGNORE NAV return updated rows
  6  partition by (product , country)
  7  dimension by (year , week)
  8  measures( 0 sale_first_week , sale )
  9  rules automatic order (
 10  sale_first_week[2000 , 1] = 0.12*sale[2000 , 1]
 11  )
 12  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2162534578

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation               | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT        |            |   162 |  8100 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY          |            |   162 |  8100 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   2 |   SQL MODEL ACYCLIC FAST|            |   162 |  8100 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL    | SALES_FACT |   162 |  8100 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   3 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

15 rows selected.

SQL MODEL CYCLIC（没有指定顺序时）

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  3  from sales_fact 
  4  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  5  model return updated rows
  6  partition by (product , country)
  7  dimension by (year , week)
  8  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
  9  rules automatic order (
 10  inventory[year , week]  =
 11  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 12  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 13  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 14  )
 15  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1486878524

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY      |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   2 |   SQL MODEL CYCLIC  |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALES_FACT |   162 |  9072 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   3 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

15 rows selected.

SQL MODEL ORDERED（SEQUENTIAL的情况下）

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  3  from sales_fact 
  4  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  5  model return updated rows
  6  partition by (product , country)
  7  dimension by (year , week)
  8  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
  9  rules sequential order (
 10  inventory[year , week] order by year , week =
 11  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 12  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 13  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 14  )
 15  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3753083011

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation           | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY      |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   2 |   SQL MODEL ORDERED |            |   162 |  9072 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALES_FACT |   162 |  9072 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   3 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

15 rows selected.

谓词的自动推进

下面的例子中，谓词是作用在视图外面的，但是却发生了谓词推进。
谓词推进行原则：分区列上的谓词可以安全的推进。因为数据不会跨分区引用。

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select * from (
  3  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  4  from sales_fact 
  5  model return updated rows
  6  partition by (product , country)
  7  dimension by (year , week)
  8  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
  9  rules automatic order (
 10  inventory[year , week] =
 11  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 12  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 13  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 14  )
 15  )
 16  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
 17  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> SELECT * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1551402430

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation            | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |            |   162 | 16362 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY       |            |   162 | 16362 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   2 |   VIEW               |            |   162 | 16362 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   3 |    SQL MODEL CYCLIC  |            |   162 |  9072 |            |          |
|*  4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALES_FACT |   162 |  9072 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

16 rows selected.

不能推进行的谓词（作用在维度列上的谓词）

下面的例子中Oracle自动对能推进的谓词和不能推进的谓词进行了拆分。
维度列上的谓词推进不安全，因为被排除的维度值可能被其它的维度值引用。

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select * from (
  3  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  4  from sales_fact 
  5  model return updated rows
  6  partition by (product , country)
  7  dimension by (year , week)
  8  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
  9  rules automatic order (
 10  inventory[year , week] =
 11  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 12  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 13  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 14  )
 15  )
 16  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
 17  and year = 2000
 18  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> SELECT * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1551402430

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation            | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT     |            |   162 | 16362 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY       |            |   162 | 16362 |   310   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|*  2 |   VIEW               |            |   162 | 16362 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
|   3 |    SQL MODEL CYCLIC  |            |   162 |  9072 |            |          |
|*  4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALES_FACT |   162 |  9072 |   309   (1)| 00:00:04 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("YEAR"=2000)
   4 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

17 rows selected.

为包含Model的查询建立物化视图

注意：这种物化视图不能设置成fast incremental refresh。

SH@ prod> create materialized view mv_model_inventory 
  2  enable query rewrite as 
  3  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  4  from sales_fact 
  5  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  6  model return updated rows
  7  partition by (product , country)
  8  dimension by (year , week)
  9  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
 10  rules sequential order (
 11  inventory[year , week] order by year , week =
 12  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 13  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 14  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 15  );

Materialized view created.

SH@ prod> 
SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select * from (
  3  select product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  4  from sales_fact 
  5  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  6  model return updated rows
  7  partition by (product , country)
  8  dimension by (year , week)
  9  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
 10  rules sequential order (
 11  inventory[year , week] order by year , week =
 12  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 13  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 14  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 15  )
 16  )
 17  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
 18  order by product , country , year , week ;

Explained.

SH@ prod> SELECT * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2344724570

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                     | Name               | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT              |                    |   159 | 16059 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY                |                    |   159 | 16059 |     4  (25)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   MAT_VIEW REWRITE ACCESS FULL| MV_MODEL_INVENTORY |   159 | 16059 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("MV_MODEL_INVENTORY"."COUNTRY"='Australia' AND
              "MV_MODEL_INVENTORY"."PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory')

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

19 rows selected.

Model子句的并行

SH@ prod> explain plan for
  2  select /*+ parallel(sf 4) */
  3  product , country , year , week , sale , receipts
  4  from sales_fact sf
  5  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  6  model return updated rows
  7  partition by (product , country)
  8  dimension by (year , week)
  9  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
 10  rules automatic order (
 11  inventory[year , week] order by year , week =
 12  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 13  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 14  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 15  );

Explained.

SH@ prod> SELECT * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2789944137

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                | Name       | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |    TQ  |IN-OUT| PQ Distrib |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT         |            |   162 |  9072 |    86   (0)| 00:00:02 |        |      |            |
|   1 |  PX COORDINATOR          |            |       |       |            |          |        |      |            |
|   2 |   PX SEND QC (RANDOM)    | :TQ10001   |   162 |  9072 |            |          |  Q1,01 | P->S | QC (RAND)  |
|   3 |    BUFFER SORT           |            |   162 |  9072 |            |          |  Q1,01 | PCWP |            |
|   4 |     SQL MODEL ACYCLIC    |            |   162 |  9072 |            |          |  Q1,01 | PCWP |            |
|   5 |      PX RECEIVE          |            |   162 |  9072 |    86   (0)| 00:00:02 |  Q1,01 | PCWP |            |
|   6 |       PX SEND HASH       | :TQ10000   |   162 |  9072 |    86   (0)| 00:00:02 |  Q1,00 | P->P | HASH       |
|   7 |        PX BLOCK ITERATOR |            |   162 |  9072 |    86   (0)| 00:00:02 |  Q1,00 | PCWC |            |
|*  8 |         TABLE ACCESS FULL| SALES_FACT |   162 |  9072 |    86   (0)| 00:00:02 |  Q1,00 | PCWP |            |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   8 - filter("PRODUCT"='Xtend Memory' AND "COUNTRY"='Australia')

20 rows selected.

Model子句中的分区剪裁

如果Model子句中的分区列与表的分区键相匹配的话，那么就可以用到分区剪裁来优化。

Model子句的子查询因子化

SH@ prod> with t1 as 
  2  (
  3  select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts
  4  from sales_fact sf
  5  where country in ('Australia') and product = 'Xtend Memory' 
  6  model return updated rows
  7  partition by (product , country)
  8  dimension by (year , week)
  9  measures( 0 inventory , sale , receipts )
 10  rules automatic order (
 11  inventory[year , week] order by year , week =
 12  nvl(inventory[cv(year) , cv(week) -1 ] , 0)
 13  - sale[cv(year) , cv(week)] +
 14  + receipts[cv(year) , cv(week)]
 15  )
 16  )
 17  select product , country , year , week , inventory , sale , receipts , prev_sale 
 18  from t1
 19  model return updated rows
 20  partition by ( product , country )
 21  dimension by ( year , week )
 22  measures ( inventory , sale , receipts , 0 prev_sale )
 23  rules sequential order (
 24  prev_sale[year , week ] order by year , week =
 25  nvl(sale[cv(year)-1 , cv(week)] , 0)
 26  )
 27  order by 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ;

PRODUCT                        COUNTRY     YEAR WEEK  INVENTORY    SALE   RECEIPTS  PREV_SALE
------------------------------ ---------- ----- ---- ---------- ------- ---------- ----------
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    1       8.88      58      67.03          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    2     14.758      29     35.268          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    3     20.656      29     35.388          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    4       8.86      29     17.694          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    5      14.82      30      35.76          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    6      8.942      59     52.902          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998    9      2.939      59     61.719          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   10        .01     118    114.831          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   12      -14.9      60       44.7          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   14     11.756      59     70.536          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   15      5.878      59     52.902          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   17     11.756      59     70.536          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   18      8.817     118    114.621          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   19      2.919      59     53.082          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   21       2.98      60      62.58          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   23    -11.756     118    105.804          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   26     11.756     118    129.316          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   27     14.632      58     60.396          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   28       .202      58      43.29          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   29    -14.228      58      43.29          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   34     -2.886     115    112.554          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   35     -8.638      58     51.768          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   38    -11.464     116    104.376          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   39     -5.792     116    121.512          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   40    -11.544      58     51.768          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   41    -17.376      58     52.488          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   42     -5.832     116    127.384          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   43    -11.584      58     51.768          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   44     -8.708      58     60.396          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   45    -23.088      58      43.14          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   46    -20.212      58     60.396          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   47    -17.326      58     60.606          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   48      5.682     173    195.568          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   50     -2.876      29     25.884          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   51        .04      58     61.236          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1998   52      5.812      86     92.152          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    1      2.676      54     56.196      58.15
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    3       4.73      95      99.33      29.49
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    4       4.73      41       40.5      29.49
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    5     10.064      80     85.344       29.8
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    6      6.014      41      36.45      58.78
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    8     -2.196     103    100.914          0
Xtend Memory                   Australia   1999    9     13.806      53     69.342      58.78

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