本文的环境都使用相同的操作系统：Oracle Linux 7.5。11g数据文件存放在文件系统上，而19c的数据文件存放在ASM上，中间使用NFS暂存数据文件，然后通过rman的可传输表空间特性进行迁移。

1、源端检查

由于rman不能自动迁移目录、外部表以及BFILEs，所以必须使用下面的命令进行检查，然后手工在目标端创建：

[oracle@rhndb ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> declare x boolean;begin x:=dbms_tdb.check_external;end;
  2  /
The following directories exist in the database:
SYS.DMP, SYS.XMLDIR, SYS.ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR2, SYS.ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR,
SYS.DATA_PUMP_DIR

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> set linesize 300
SQL> col directory_name for a25
SQL> col directory_path for a70
SQL> select directory_name,directory_path from dba_directories;

Upgrading Oracle 11g R2 To 19c

2、重启数据库至只读状态

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3206836224 bytes
Fixed Size                  2257520 bytes
Variable Size             738200976 bytes
Database Buffers         2449473536 bytes
Redo Buffers               16904192 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

3、DBMS_TDB.CHECK_DB检查数据库状态

Upgrading Oracle 11g R2 To 19c_第1张图片

SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> declare db_ready boolean;
  2  begin
  3  db_ready :=dbms_tdb.check_db('Linux x86 64-bit',dbms_tdb.skip_none);
  4  end;
  5  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

4、列出需要转换和不需要转换的数据文件

SQL> select file_name "Datafiles requiring Conversion" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name in (select distinct tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs);

Datafiles requiring Conversion
------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/rhndb/undotbs01.dbf
/u02/oradata/rhndb/system01.dbf

SQL> select file_name "Files NOT requiring Conversion" from dba_data_files where tablespace_name  not in (select distinct tablespace_name from dba_rollback_segs);

Files NOT requiring Conversion
------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/rhndb/users01.dbf
/u02/oradata/rhndb/sysaux01.dbf
/u02/oradata/rhndb/spw01.dbf

5、复制源数据库的数据文件至目标端

这里的目标端使用了ASM，所以不能直接存放。因此使用了NFS文件系统临时存放源端数据文件。

[oracle@rhndb ~]$ cp /u02/oradata/rhndb/* /u03/orabak

6、创建目标库参数文件并启动至nomont

SQL> create pfile='/tmp/initrhndb.ora' from spfile;
[oracle@rhndb ~]$ scp /tmp/initrhndb.ora db02:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
--修改参数文件中的audit_file_dest,control_files,db_name,db_recover_file_dest,diagnostic_dest
[oracle@rhndb ~]$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initrhndb.ora
rhndb.__db_cache_size=2516582400
rhndb.__java_pool_size=16777216
rhndb.__large_pool_size=33554432
rhndb.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
rhndb.__pga_aggregate_target=1073741824
rhndb.__sga_target=3221225472
rhndb.__shared_io_pool_size=0
rhndb.__shared_pool_size=620756992
rhndb.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/rhndb/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='+DATA/rhndb/controlfile/control01.ctl','+FRA/rhndb/controlfile/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='rhndb'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=rhndbXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1073741824
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=3221225472
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
--启动时nomount状态
[oracle@db02 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/tmp/initrhndb.ora
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222464 bytes
Fixed Size                  8901696 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         2533359616 bytes
Redo Buffers                7872512 bytes

7、数据文件转换

不论两个平台的endian format是否相同，都需要进行转换操作。根据第四步的信息，在rman中执行转换操作，如下：

[oracle@db02 ~]$ rman target /
--转换操作
RMAN> convert from platform 'Linux x86 64-bit' parallelism 2
2> datafile '/u03/orabak/system01.dbf' format '+data'
3> datafile '/u03/orabak/undotbs01.dbf' format '+data';

Starting conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:03:38
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=135 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=198 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/system01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/system.258.1006801423
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.257.1006801423
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55
Finished conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:05:36

--通过rman复制数据文件至ASM磁盘组
RMAN> convert parallelism 3 
2> datafile '/u03/orabak/users01.dbf' format '+data'
3> datafile '/u03/orabak/sysaux01.dbf' format '+data'
4> datafile '/u03/orabak/spw01.dbf' format '+data';

Starting conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:07:32
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/spw01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/u03/orabak/users01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/users.261.1006801653
channel ORA_DISK_3: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.260.1006801653
channel ORA_DISK_2: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
converted datafile=+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/spacewalk.259.1006801653
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
Finished conversion at target at 28-APR-2019 19:09:08
RMAN> exit

8、创建目标端的控制文件

在源端使用下面的命令创建目标端的控制文件：

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;

生成的trace文件路径可以通过alter日志进行查看，然后根据实际情况进行修改。修改完后在目标端执行，如下：

[oracle@db02 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 28 19:14:24 2019
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "RHNDB" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 2920
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 '+DATA/rhndb/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  9    GROUP 2 '+DATA/rhndb/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
 10    GROUP 3 '+DATA/rhndb/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
 11  -- STANDBY LOGFILE
 12  DATAFILE
 13    '+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/system.258.1006801423',
 14    '+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/undotbs1.257.1006801423',
 15    '+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/users.261.1006801653',
 16    '+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/sysaux.260.1006801653',
 17    '+DATA/RHNDB/DATAFILE/spacewalk.259.1006801653'
 18  CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;

Control file created.

另外复制源库的密码文件至目标库的指定目录：

[oracle@rhndb dbs]$ scp orapwrhndb db02:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/dbs/

9、以resetlogs upgrade方式打开数据库并创建临时表空间

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222464 bytes
Fixed Size                  8901696 bytes
Variable Size             671088640 bytes
Database Buffers         2533359616 bytes
Redo Buffers                7872512 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs upgrade;

Database altered.
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile '+data' size 50M autoextend on next 100m maxsize unlimited;

Tablespace altered.

10、创建SPFILE

SQL> create spfile='+data' from pfile;
--新建的spfile名称可以在asm磁盘组中查看
[oracle@rhndb dbs]$ mv initrhndb.ora initrhndb.ora.old
[oracle@db02 dbs]$ echo 'SPFILE='+data/rhndb/parameterfile/spfile.267.1006905749''>initrhndb.ora

11、执行upgrade

使用dbupgrade进行升级操作：

[oracle@db02 ~]$ dbupgrade -u sys

在升级过程中，会遇到下面的错误：

ORA-02290: check constraint (SYS.JAVA_DEV_DISABLED) violated

dbupgrade会话结束后，使用下面的命令启用：

SQL> exec dbms_java_dev.enable;

此命令执行完后，会重启数据库至migrate模式，然后运行下面的命令即可完成升级。

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

如果还有java相关的invalid对象，请参考官方的metalink（文档 ID 2262919.1）。
使用下面的命令检查组件信息：

SQL> col comp_name for a40
SQL> set wrap off
SQL> set pagesize 999
SQL> select comp_name,version, status from dba_registry;

Upgrading Oracle 11g R2 To 19c_第2张图片

12、注册数据库资源（可选）

[oracle@db02 ~]$ srvctl add database -db rhndb -oraclehome /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1 -spfile '+data/rhndb/parameterfile/spfile.267.1006814727' -pwfile /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/dbs/orapwrhndb -role primary -dbname rhndb -diskgroup 'data,fra'
[oracle@db02 ~]$ srvctl config database -db rhndb
Database unique name: rhndb
Database name: rhndb
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +data/rhndb/parameterfile/spfile.267.1006814727
Password file: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/dbs/orapwrhndb
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Disk Groups: DATA,FRA
Services: 
OSDBA group: 
OSOPER group: 
Database instance: rhndb