本课程实现 shell 脚本监控系统的各项参数,并可以将脚本加入系统环境中,可以直接在终端里执行。还添加了几个参数,一个脚本可以执行不同的操作。
本实验涵盖以下知识点:
适合人群:本课程适合有shell语法基础,想学习shell脚本的实际使用的同学,可以加深对于shell脚本的认识
#获取
http://labfile.oss.aliyuncs.com/courses/597/monitor.sh
#运行
bash monitor.sh
#备注
如果执行monitor -i安装提示输入密码。可以执行passwd root为root设置密码
如果安装之后不能运行,修改/usr/bin/monitor.sh的权限
在实验中,我们将逐步实现下面的功能需求:
最终实现的脚本运行效果:
free
)df
)top
)uname
)这些命令是linux管理员必须耳熟能详的基本命令,本课程的监控脚本,也是根据这些命令的返回值做处理,然后打印在终端的,同学们可以敲一敲这些命令,看看他们的基本用法。
命令详解请查看
http://man.linuxde.net/
``
用法 这个符号可以保存命令的返回值,如 PATH=`pwd` #也可以写成 PAHT=$(pwd)
echo $PATH
#输出pwd命令的值,也就是当前路径
$1
表示第一个参数,$2
表示第二个参数,$#
表示参数个数如果读者对于这些不熟悉,要先学习高级Bash脚本编程指南,其中shell的基本语法
打开终端,进入Code
目录,创建文件tecmint_monitor.sh
。
getopts
:可以获取用户在命令下的参数,然后根据不同的参数进行不同的操作。它的使用方法是getopts option_string variable,option_string 是指字符串,会逐个匹配,variable 每次匹配成功的选项。
#! /bin/bash
while getopts ivh name # getopts 有三个参数,分别执行安装,查看版本,帮助说明
do
case $name in
i)iopt=1;;
v)vopt=1;;
h)hopt=1;;
*)echo "Invalid arg";;
esac
done
这个脚本主要有 -ivh
三个参数,分别执行安装脚本,查看版本,帮助说明,你也可以添加自己想要的参数。如果不加参数,默认执行系统的监控命令并打印到屏幕上。
i
的模块这个部分主要是将脚本添加到环境的目录里,通过终端就可以执行命令。
if [[ ! -z $iopt ]] #如果iopt非空则执行
then
{
wd=$(pwd)
basename "$(test -L "$0" && readlink "$0" || echo "$0")" > /tmp/scriptname
#basename命令会删掉所有的前缀包括最后一个slash(‘/’)字符,然后将字符串显示出来
scriptname=$(echo -e -n $wd/ && cat /tmp/scriptname)
#scriptname就是tecmint_monitor.sh的地址
su -c "cp $scriptname /usr/bin/monitor" root && echo "Congratulations! Script Installed, now run monitor Command" || echo "Installation failed"
}
fi
v
的模块这个部分是查看脚本的版本,版权等信息。
if [[ ! -z $vopt ]]
then
{
echo -e "tecmint_monitor version 0.1\nReleased Under Apache 2.0 License"
}
fi
h
的模块这个部分是添加帮助信息,方便其他人使用
if [[ ! -z $hopt ]]
then
{
echo -e " -i Install script"
echo -e " -v Print version information and exit"
echo -e " -h Print help (this information) and exit"
}
fi
先设置一些好记的变量名,这样方便阅读,比直接看代码要更容易一点。
clear
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
# unset命令用于删除已定义的shell变量(包括环境变量)和shell函数。
# 关于unset更多的信息可以查看http://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-unset.html
# 定义变量 tecreset
tecreset=$(tput sgr0)
# 查看是否可以连网
ping -c 1 www.baidu.com &> /dev/null && echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Connected" || echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Disconnected"
# '\E[32m' 将打印的信息设置为绿色
# 查看系统的类型
os=$(uname -o)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Operating System Type :" $tecreset $os
# 查看系统的版本和名称
###################################
OS=`uname -s`
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`
GetVersionFromFile()
{
VERSION=`cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ // `
}
查看操作系统的类型,不同的操作系统指令是不一样的。看到大段的代码不要紧张,其实逻辑很简单。
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
OS=Solaris
ARCH=`uname -p`
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
# uname命令用于打印当前系统相关信息(内核版本号、硬件架构、主机名称和操作系统类型等)。
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
#AIX是IBM开发的一套类UNIX操作系统,关于它更多的指令可以查看http://www.cnblogs.com/sbaicl/articles/2947795.html
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
KERNEL=`uname -r`
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
DIST='RedHat'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
#sed通常用来匹配一个或多个正则表达式的文本进行处理,可以查看http://coolshell.cn/articles/9104.html
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
DIST=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
DIST='Mandrake'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
DIST="Debian `cat /etc/debian_version`"
REV=""
fi
if ${OSSTR} [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
fi
OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"
fi
最后就是监控系统的各种信息,并打印到屏幕
查看操作系统版本
echo -e '\E[32m'"OS Version :" $tecreset $OSSTR
# 查看系统的类型
architecture=$(uname -m)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Architecture :" $tecreset $architecture
# 查看内核的版本
kernelrelease=$(uname -r)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Kernel Release :" $tecreset $kernelrelease
# 查看主机名
echo -e '\E[32m'"Hostname :" $tecreset $HOSTNAME
# 查看内网地址
internalip=$(hostname -I)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Internal IP :" $tecreset $internalip
# 查看外网地址
externalip=$(curl -s ipecho.net/plain;echo)
echo -e '\E[32m'"External IP : $tecreset "$externalip
# 查看DNS
nameservers=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | sed '1 d' | awk '{print $2}')
echo -e '\E[32m'"Name Servers :" $tecreset $nameservers
# 查看登陆的用户
who>/tmp/who
echo -e '\E[32m'"Logged In users :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/who
# 查看系统内存使用情况
free -h | grep -v + > /tmp/ramcache
echo -e '\E[32m'"Ram Usages :" $tecreset
cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Swap"
echo -e '\E[32m'"Swap Usages :" $tecreset
cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Mem"
# 查看磁盘使用情况
df -h| grep 'Filesystem\|/dev/sda*' > /tmp/diskusage
echo -e '\E[32m'"Disk Usages :" $tecreset
cat /tmp/diskusage
# 查看系统的负载情况
loadaverage=$(top -n 1 -b | grep "load average:" | awk '{print $10 $11 $12}')
echo -e '\E[32m'"Load Average :" $tecreset $loadaverage
# 查看系统的运行时间
tecuptime=$(uptime | awk '{print $3,$4}' | cut -f1 -d,)
echo -e '\E[32m'"System Uptime Days/(HH:MM) :" $tecreset $tecuptime
# 删除上面使用的变量,释放资源
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
# 删除临时文件
rm /tmp/who /tmp/ramcache /tmp/diskusage
}
fi
通过这个小项目,加强了对shell编程的理解,不仅可以执行脚本,还可以将脚本安装到系统环境中,直接执行命令。从实践中学习,把代码敲一遍,就能体会编程的乐趣了:-)
最后附上源代码
#! /bin/bash
# unset any variable which system may be using
# clear the screen
while getopts ivh name
do
case $name in
i)iopt=1;;
v)vopt=1;;
h)hopt=1;;
*)echo "Invalid arg";;
esac
done
#
if [[ ! -z $iopt ]]
then
{
wd=$(pwd)
basename "$(test -L "$0" && readlink "$0" || echo "$0")" > /tmp/scriptname
scriptname=$(echo -e -n $wd/ && cat /tmp/scriptname)
su -c "cp $scriptname /usr/bin/monitor" root && echo "Congratulations! Script Installed, now run monitor Command" || echo "Installation failed"
}
fi
if [[ ! -z $vopt ]]
then
{
echo -e "tecmint_monitor version 0.1\nDesigned by Tecmint.com\nReleased Under Apache 2.0 License"
}
fi
if [[ ! -z $hopt ]]
then
{
echo -e " -i Install script"
echo -e " -v Print version information and exit"
echo -e " -h Print help (this information) and exit"
}
fi
if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]
then
{
clear
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
# Define Variable tecreset
tecreset=$(tput sgr0)
# Check if connected to Internet or not
ping -c 1 www.baidu.com &> /dev/null && echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Connected" || echo -e '\E[32m'"Internet: $tecreset Disconnected"
# Check OS Type
os=$(uname -o)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Operating System Type :" $tecreset $os
# Check OS Release Version and Name
###################################
OS=`uname -s`
REV=`uname -r`
MACH=`uname -m`
GetVersionFromFile()
{
VERSION=`cat $1 | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*VERSION.*=\ // `
}
if [ "${OS}" = "SunOS" ] ; then
OS=Solaris
ARCH=`uname -p`
OSSTR="${OS} ${REV}(${ARCH} `uname -v`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "AIX" ] ; then
OSSTR="${OS} `oslevel` (`oslevel -r`)"
elif [ "${OS}" = "Linux" ] ; then
KERNEL=`uname -r`
if [ -f /etc/redhat-release ] ; then
DIST='RedHat'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/redhat-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] ; then
DIST=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' '| sed s/VERSION.*//`
REV=`cat /etc/SuSE-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/.*=\ //`
elif [ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] ; then
DIST='Mandrake'
PSUEDONAME=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*\(// | sed s/\)//`
REV=`cat /etc/mandrake-release | sed s/.*release\ // | sed s/\ .*//`
elif [ -f /etc/debian_version ] ; then
DIST="Debian `cat /etc/debian_version`"
REV=""
fi
if ${OSSTR} [ -f /etc/UnitedLinux-release ] ; then
DIST="${DIST}[`cat /etc/UnitedLinux-release | tr "\n" ' ' | sed s/VERSION.*//`]"
fi
OSSTR="${OS} ${DIST} ${REV}(${PSUEDONAME} ${KERNEL} ${MACH})"
fi
##################################
#cat /etc/os-release | grep 'NAME\|VERSION' | grep -v 'VERSION_ID' | grep -v 'PRETTY_NAME' > /tmp/osrelease
#echo -n -e '\E[32m'"OS Name :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/osrelease | grep -v "VERSION" | grep -v CPE_NAME | cut -f2 -d\"
#echo -n -e '\E[32m'"OS Version :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/osrelease | grep -v "NAME" | grep -v CT_VERSION | cut -f2 -d\"
echo -e '\E[32m'"OS Version :" $tecreset $OSSTR
architecture=$(uname -m)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Architecture :" $tecreset $architecture
kernelrelease=$(uname -r)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Kernel Release :" $tecreset $kernelrelease
echo -e '\E[32m'"Hostname :" $tecreset $HOSTNAME
internalip=$(hostname -I)
echo -e '\E[32m'"Internal IP :" $tecreset $internalip
externalip=$(curl -s ipecho.net/plain;echo)
echo -e '\E[32m'"External IP : $tecreset "$externalip
nameservers=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | sed '1 d' | awk '{print $2}')
echo -e '\E[32m'"Name Servers :" $tecreset $nameservers
who>/tmp/who
echo -e '\E[32m'"Logged In users :" $tecreset && cat /tmp/who
free -h | grep -v + > /tmp/ramcache
echo -e '\E[32m'"Ram Usages :" $tecreset
cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Swap"
echo -e '\E[32m'"Swap Usages :" $tecreset
cat /tmp/ramcache | grep -v "Mem"
df -h| grep 'Filesystem\|/dev/sda*' > /tmp/diskusage
echo -e '\E[32m'"Disk Usages :" $tecreset
cat /tmp/diskusage
loadaverage=$(top -n 1 -b | grep "load average:" | awk '{print $10 $11 $12}')
echo -e '\E[32m'"Load Average :" $tecreset $loadaverage
tecuptime=$(uptime | awk '{print $3,$4}' | cut -f1 -d,)
echo -e '\E[32m'"System Uptime Days/(HH:MM) :" $tecreset $tecuptime
unset tecreset os architecture kernelrelease internalip externalip nameserver loadaverage
rm /tmp/who /tmp/ramcache /tmp/diskusage
}
fi
shift $(($OPTIND -1))
# shift命令用于对参数的移动(左移)。可以查看http://blog.csdn.net/zhu_xun/article/details/24796235
#