双向链表模板类

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参考 STL 实现的 Quick & Dirty 双向链表模板类，勉强看的过去。参考了 boost 的新概念迭代器，遵循D的命名风格，只实现了几个简单的成员函数。
迭代器使用 i.current属性或i()读取当前指向的元素，使用 i = x; 设置当前指向的元素

update:
添加了 ReverseIterator, rbegin, rend, insert, erase, popBack, popFront
D 的函数模板特化还是有问题（或者我不知道？）

D 代码

// The STL-Like Template Class of Linked List
// Author: Oldrev ( oldrev at gmail dot com)
// License: BSD

import std.stdio;

// 越靠后的功能越多，后面的肯定包括前面的功能
enum Traversal
{
 // 支持的操作 ++i i++ *i++
 Incrementable,

 // ++i, a==b, a!=b
 SinglePass, //单遍，中途不能停

 // X u, ++i
 ForwardTraversal, //单向

 // --r, r--
 Bidirectional, //双向

 // r += n, a+n,n+a r-=n, a-n, b-a; a[n], a[n]=v, a
 RandomAccess //几乎就是数组
}

enum ValueAccess
{
 Readable, // value = *a
 Writable, // *a = value
 Swappable, // swap(a, b)
 Lvalue
 // 返回引用？ D没有显式引用，那就不支持吧
}

private void swap_(T)(inout T x, inout T y)
{
 T t = x;
 x = y;
 y = t;
}

// 约定每个迭代器实现里需要有：
// 一个 Traversal 型常量 TraversalCatalog 指示迭代器遍历方式类型
// 一个 ValueAccess 型常量 ValueAccessCatalog 指示迭代器值访问类型
// 这样算法可以通过 D 的 int 模板参数重载算法实现函数


class List(EleType)
{
 public alias EleType ValueType;
 public alias ValueType* PtrType;
 public alias List!(ValueType) SelfType;

 private struct Node
 {
 ValueType data;
 Node* prev;
 Node* next;

 static void join(Node* first, Node* second)
 {
 assert(first !is null);
 assert(second !is null);
 first.next = second;
 second.prev = first;
 }
 }

 // List 类的迭代器基模板
 private template IteratorBase(IterType)
 {
 public const Traversal TraversalCatalog = Traversal.Bidirectional;
 public const ValueAccess ValueAccessCatalog = ValueAccess.Swappable;

 private Node* m_node = null;

 private Node* node()
 {
 return m_node;
 }

 static IterType opCall(IterType i)
 {
 IterType ret;
 ret.m_node = i.m_node;
 return ret;
 }

 private static IterType opCall(Node* p)
 {
 IterType i;
 i.m_node = p;
 return i;
 }

 public ValueType opCall()
 {
 assert(m_node !is null);
 return m_node.data;
 }

 public PtrType ptr()
 {
 assert(m_node !is null);
 return &(m_node.data);
 }

 // 没办法，D 不能重载 *ptr
 public ValueType current()
 {
 assert(m_node !is null);
 return m_node.data;
 }

 public void current(ValueType v)
 {
 assert(m_node !is null);
 m_node.data = v;
 }

 void swap(inout IterType rhs)
 {
 IterType t = rhs;
 rhs = *this;
 *this = t;
 }

 IterType opPostInc() //i++
 {
 IterType i = *this;
 next();
 return i;
 }

 IterType opPostDec() // i--
 {
 IterType i = *this;
 back();
 return i;
 }

 bool opEquals(IterType rhs) // a == b
 {
 return rhs.m_node == this.m_node;
 }


 //D 不支持将=重载为两个同类型或可以隐式转换的类型之间的赋值
 ValueType opAssign(ValueType rhs) // *a = value
 {
 m_node.data = rhs;
 return m_node.data;
 }

 IterType opAddAssign(int n)
 {
 assert(n == 1);
 next();
 return *this;
 }

 IterType opSubAssign(int n)
 {
 assert(n == 1);
 back();
 return *this;
 }
 }

 public struct Iterator
 {
 mixin IteratorBase!(Iterator);

 public void next()
 {
 m_node = m_node.next;
 }

 public void back()
 {
 m_node = m_node.prev;
 }
 }

 public struct ReverseIterator
 {
 mixin IteratorBase!(ReverseIterator);

 public void next()
 {
 m_node = m_node.prev;
 }

 public void back()
 {
 m_node = m_node.next;
 }

 }

 //data members:
 private Node* m_head = null;
 private Node* m_tail = null;
 private uint m_length = 0;

 public this()
 {
 }

 public ~this()
 {
 clear();
 }

 public void clear()
 {
 if(empty)return;
 Iterator i = begin;
 while((i = erase(i)) != end){}
 m_head = null;
 m_tail = null;
 }

 public ValueType front()
 {
 assert(m_head !is null);
 return m_head.data;
 }

 public ValueType back()
 {
 assert(m_tail !is null);
 return m_tail.data;
 }


 public Iterator begin()
 {
 assert(!empty);
 return Iterator(m_head);
 }

 public Iterator end()
 {
 return Iterator(null);
 }

 public ReverseIterator rbegin()
 {
 return ReverseIterator(m_tail);
 }

 public ReverseIterator rend()
 {
 return ReverseIterator(null);
 }

 public bool empty()
 {
 return m_head == null;
 }

 public uint length()
 {
 return m_length;
 }

 public void pushFront(ValueType val)
 {
 Node* np = new Node;
 np.prev = null;
 np.data = val;
 if(m_head !is null)
 {
 m_head.prev = np;
 np.next = m_head;
 m_head = np;
 }
 else
 {
 np.next = null;
 m_head = np;
 m_tail = np;
 }
 m_length++;
 }

 public void pushBack(ValueType val)
 {
 Node* np = new Node;
 np.next = null;
 np.data = val;
 if(m_tail !is null)
 {
 m_tail.next = np;
 np.prev = m_tail;
 m_tail = np;
 }
 else
 {
 np.prev = null;
 m_head = np;
 m_tail = np;
 }
 m_length++;
 }

 // 删除第一个元素
 public void popFront()
 {
 assert(!empty);
 erase(Iterator(m_head));
 }

 public void popBack()
 {
 assert(!empty);
 erase(Iterator(m_tail));
 }

 //迭代器指向被删除的元素之后的下一个元素或 end,
 //注意删除之后 where 迭代器就无效鸟
 public Iterator erase(Iterator where)
 {
 assert(!empty);
 Node* i = where.m_node.next;
 Node* n = where.m_node;
 if(n.prev !is null) n.prev.next = n.next;
 if(n.next !is null) n.next.prev = n.prev;
 delete n;
 m_length--;
 return Iterator(i);
 }

 public Iterator erase(Iterator first, Iterator last)
 {
 assert(!empty);
 Iterator i = first;
 while(i != last) i = erase(i);
 return i;
 }

 //在给定的有效迭代器前面插入，返回新元素位置
 public Iterator insert(Iterator where, ValueType val)
 {
 assert(where.m_node !is null);

 Node* newNode = new Node;
 Node* oldPrev = where.m_node.prev;
 newNode.data = val;
 Node.join(newNode, where.m_node);
 if(oldPrev !is null)Node.join(oldPrev, newNode);
 return Iterator(newNode);
 }

 //在 where 前面连续插入 count 个相同的元素
 public void insert(Iterator where, uint count, ValueType val)
 {
 Iterator iter = where;
 for(uint i = 1; i < count; ++i)
 iter = insert(iter, val);
 return iter;
 }

 // 不能重载提领操作符就不能很好地使用，比如：
 // const int array[] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
 // auto list = List!(int);
 // list.pushBack(0);
 // list.insert(list.begin, array.ptr, array.ptr + array.length);
 // 看来只有专门为数组重载了
 // 在 where 前面插入一段元素，要求 InputIterator 定义了 ++i, i.current
 public void insertElements ( InputIterator ) // D 的函数模板还是有问题，为什么不能叫 insert
 (Iterator where, InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
 {
 InputIterator i = first;
 Iterator pos = where;
 while(i != last)
 {
 pos = insertBack(pos, i());
 ++i;
 }
 }

 // 在 where 后面插入，并返回新位置
 private Iterator insertBack(Iterator where, ValueType val)
 {
 Node* oldNext = where.m_node.next;
 Node* newNode = new Node;
 newNode.data = val;
 Node.join(where.m_node, newNode);
 if(oldNext !is null) Node.join(newNode, oldNext);
 return Iterator(newNode);
 }

 public void opCatAssign(SelfType rhs)
 {
 for(Iterator i = rhs.begin; i != rhs.end; ++i)
 {
 pushBack(i.current);
 }
 }

 public void swap(inout SelfType rhs)
 {
 assert(rhs !is null);
 swap_(rhs.m_tail, m_tail);
 swap_(rhs.m_head, m_head);
 swap_(rhs.m_length, m_length);
 }
}

// 最简单的 STL 算法, find

// D不支持提领，我们只能约定 opCall 读取值，opAssign 设置值
private IterType find(IterType, ValueType)(IterType first, IterType last, ValueType val)
{
 IterType i = first;
 while(i != last && i() != val) ++i;

 return i;
}

void main()
{
 alias List!(int) MyList;
 auto l = new MyList;

 l.pushBack(1);
 l.pushBack(2);
 l.pushBack(3);
 l.pushBack(4);
 l.pushBack(5);

 for(MyList.Iterator i = l.begin; i != l.end; i++)
 {
 writefln(i());
 }

 writefln("\nreversed:");

 MyList.Iterator i = l.begin;
 i++;
 i++;
 l.insert(i, 12);

 l.erase(i);

 for(MyList.ReverseIterator ri = l.rbegin; ri != l.rend; ri++)
 {
 writefln(ri());
 }

}