安利一个网站:在线文档 jdk 1.6
一篇有参考价值的关于锁对象使用的博文:ReadLock和WriteLock(读写锁)
synchronized
关键字,还有Object#wait() & Object#notify() & Object#notifyAll();
java
还提供了一些其他的工具类,比如Lock & ReentrantLock & ReentrantReadWriteLock & Condition
Lock & ReentrantLock & ReentrantReadWriteLock & Condition
这些工具,我实现了一个简单的“生产者-消费者”模型。核心代码如下:
package com.cat.multi.compete;
import java.awt.image.LookupOp;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
/**
* Created by cat on 2018/1/21.
* 实现模型:
*
* 生产者一直生产,直到产品数量达到 N, 就停止生产。
*
* 并且,当产品到达 N 的时候,生产者要通知消费者来消费。
* 同时:
*
* 消费者一直消费,直到产品数量为0,就停止消费。
*
* 并且,当没有产品的时候,消费者要通知生产者继续生产;
*
* 基于多线程的,可以有任意多个生产者,以及任意多个消费者,不限制两个群体的数量。
*
* -------------------------------------
*/
public class Repertory {
private static final int MIN_MAX = 10;
private static final int SLEEP = 100;
private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
private static final boolean Loggable = false;
private static final boolean LIMIT = false;
private final Condition putCondition;
private final Condition takeCondition;
private List itemList;
private int max;
private ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock;
private ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock;
public Repertory() {
this(MIN_MAX);
}
public Repertory(int max) {
// init collection
if (max < MIN_MAX) {
max = MIN_MAX;
}
this.max = max;
if (LIMIT) {
this.max = 1;
}
itemList = new LinkedList<>();
// init rwLock
ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();
readLock = rwLock.readLock();
putCondition = writeLock.newCondition();
takeCondition = writeLock.newCondition();
}
private boolean isEmpty() {
return this.itemList.size() == 0;
}
private boolean isFull() {
return this.itemList.size() == max;
}
private boolean needPut() {
if (LIMIT) {
return isEmpty();
}
return isEmpty() || itemList.size() <= max / 5;
}
private boolean needTake() {
if (LIMIT) {
return isFull();
}
return isFull() || itemList.size() > max * 4 / 5;
}
private void checkAccess() {
if (needPut() && needTake()) {
throw new RuntimeException("判断条件出错,必须修改程序...");
}
}
/**
* 该方法只应该被【生产者】线程调用,否则容易出现死锁
*
* @param obj 生产的对象
* @throws InterruptedException 中断异常
*/
public void put(T obj) throws InterruptedException {
writeLock.lock();
try {
checkAccess();
while (needTake()) {
takeCondition.signalAll();
putCondition.await(); // 满了,就等待,并通知消费者取货
}
if (DEBUG || LIMIT) {
Thread.sleep(SLEEP);
}
itemList.add(obj);
if (DEBUG || Loggable) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-put--" + obj);
}
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* 该方法只应该被【消费者】线程调用,否则容易出现死锁
*
* @throws InterruptedException 中断异常
*/
public void take() throws InterruptedException {
writeLock.lock();
try {
checkAccess();
while (needPut()) {
putCondition.signalAll(); // TODO:这里要注意,一定要先去唤醒对象,然后再让自己休息!,
takeCondition.await(); // 否则,自己休息了,也就没有机会唤醒对方了...
}
if (DEBUG || LIMIT) {
Thread.sleep(SLEEP);
}
T obj = itemList.remove(0);
if (DEBUG || Loggable) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-take--" + obj);
}
} finally {
writeLock.unlock();
}
}
public void show() {
readLock.lock();
try {
System.err.println("SHOW ### " + this.toString());
} finally {
readLock.unlock();
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String msg = "";
if (DEBUG || Loggable || itemList.size() < MIN_MAX) {
msg = "Repertory{" +
"max=" + max +
" , length=" + itemList.size() +
" , itemList=" + itemList +
'}';
} else {
msg = "Repertory{" +
"max=" + max +
" , length=" + itemList.size() +
" , itemList=" + itemList.hashCode() +
'}';
}
return msg;
}
}
在这里,我设计了一个弹性的提醒机制:当产品数量不多的时候,就取提醒生产者继续生产,当产品快要填满仓库的时候,提醒消费者去消费产品。
主要是要注意Lock
和Condition
的使用。什么时候去唤醒对象,什么时候去锁住自己。
贴一下运行效果:
main....done
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-1860611849}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-1298639763}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=2000215250}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=-1309744438}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=540 , itemList=1941569576}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=-1381681245}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=583 , itemList=-452614553}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=584 , itemList=861488929}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=403 , itemList=96019575}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=630 , itemList=1046072484}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=-1165811446}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=516 , itemList=1904956760}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=-1900689143}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=361414021}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-556965428}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-1430830115}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-1057490965}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=542 , itemList=-523711472}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=1731272543}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=269 , itemList=-1022961313}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=638 , itemList=1221651327}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=1042805193}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-1602343791}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=535 , itemList=-1074051187}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=614 , itemList=130345902}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=1746308531}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=454520929}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=641 , itemList=-1199120192}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=1381613569}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=160 , itemList=-249456061}
SHOW ### Repertory{max=800 , length=353 , itemList=-503794141}
Process finished with exit code 130 (interrupted by signal 2: SIGINT)
从log
上面大致可以看到,设计的最大值是800
,然后生产者和消费在间歇作业,只要满足等待条件,就唤醒对方,并自己休息。
完整源码:可以在彩蛋里面拿到。~