前言:关于MySQL读写主从实现,分两步:
第一步,需要现有主从的环境,利用docker快速实现; -----上篇
第二步,利用已有的环境进行JavaEE的Web项目配置。 -----下篇,基于SpringBoot的SpringDataJpa的实现!即本文
环境:
SpringBoot:2.0.3 DB:MySQL5.7.20 主从模式
持久化框架:SpringDataJpa
1.多数据源的配置application.yml:
#####MySQL数据库的主从配置开始#####
mysql:
datasource:
readSize: 1 #读库个数,可以有多个
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
write:
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.121:3306/db_frms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 100
initialSize: 10
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: select 'x'
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 50
removeAbandoned: true
filters: stat
read01:
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.121:3307/db_frms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 100
initialSize: 10
maxWait: 60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
validationQuery: select 'x'
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 50
removeAbandoned: true
filters: stat
# read02: #因为我只用docker配置了一个slave,所以没有第二个slave,故这段配置注释掉!
# url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.121:3308/test_02?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
# username: root
# password: root
# driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
# minIdle: 5
# maxActive: 100
# initialSize: 10
# maxWait: 60000
# timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
# validationQuery: select 'x'
# testWhileIdle: true
# testOnBorrow: false
# testOnReturn: false
# poolPreparedStatements: true
# maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 50
# removeAbandoned: true
# filters: stat
#####MySQL数据库的主从配置结束#####
2.定义数据库的类型枚举类DataSourceType:
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
/**
* Description:数据源类型的枚举类
*
* @param
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:05
*/
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum DataSourceType {
read("read", "从库"), write("write", "主库");
/**
* Description:类型,是读还是写
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:14
*/
private String type;
/**
* Description:数据源的名称
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:15
*/
private String name;
}
要注意的是:枚举实例小写,大写会报错!!
read("read", "从库"), write("write", "主库");
3.多个数据源的实例化配置类DataSourceConfiguration:
有多少个数据源,就配置多少个对应的Bean。
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
* Description:MySQL读写主从数据库源配置
*
* @param
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午7:51
* @return
*/
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class DataSourceConfiguration {
@Value("${mysql.datasource.type}")
private Class extends DataSource> dataSourceType;
/**
* 写库 数据源配置
*
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "writeDataSource")
@Primary
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.write")
public DataSource writeDataSource() {
log.info("writeDataSource init ...");
return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
}
/**
* 有多少个从库就要配置多少个
*
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "readDataSource01")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.read01")
public DataSource readDataSourceOne() {
log.info("read01 DataSourceOne init ...");
return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
}
// @Bean(name = "readDataSource02")
// @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mysql.datasource.read02")
// public DataSource readDataSourceTwo() {
// log.info("read02 DataSourceTwo init ...");
// return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
// }
}
4.配置数据源的切换类DataSourceContextHolder
设置这个类的对应的read和write,就被内部用来读取不同的数据源
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* Description:本地线程,数据源上下文切换
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:17
*/
@Slf4j
public class DataSourceContextHolder {
//线程本地环境
private static final ThreadLocal local = new ThreadLocal();
public static ThreadLocal getLocal() {
return local;
}
/**
* 读库
*/
public static void setRead() {
local.set(DataSourceType.read.getType());
//log.info("数据库切换到READ库...");
}
/**
* 写库
*/
public static void setWrite() {
local.set(DataSourceType.write.getType());
// log.info("数据库切换到WRITE库...");
}
public static String getReadOrWrite() {
return local.get();
}
public static void clear() {
local.remove();
}
}
5.数据源的代理路由配置DatasourceAgentConfig---请读者特别注意这个类,网上很多说的都是mybatis框架的,这里是SpringDataJpa框架对应的关联代理数据源路由的配置,此处配置出错就会失败!
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import com.ddbin.frms.FrmsApplication;
import com.ddbin.frms.util.SpringContextsUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.Database;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(DataSourceConfiguration.class)
@EnableTransactionManagement(order = 10)
@Slf4j
public class DatasourceAgentConfig {
@Value("${mysql.datasource.readSize}")
private String readDataSourceSize;
private AbstractRoutingDataSource proxy;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("writeDataSource")
private DataSource writeDataSource;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("readDataSource01")
private DataSource readDataSource01;
// @Autowired
// @Qualifier("readDataSource02")
// private DataSource readDataSource02;
/**
* 把所有数据库都放在路由中
* 重点是roundRobinDataSouceProxy()方法,它把所有的数据库源交给AbstractRoutingDataSource类,
* 并由它的determineCurrentLookupKey()进行决定数据源的选择,其中读库进行了简单的负载均衡(轮询)。
*
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "roundRobinDataSouceProxy")
public AbstractRoutingDataSource roundRobinDataSouceProxy() {
/**
* Description:把所有数据库都放在targetDataSources中,注意key值要和determineCurrentLookupKey()中代码写的一至,
* 否则切换数据源时找不到正确的数据源
*/
Map
说明:entityManagerFactory是关键配置,网上很多说的都是mybatis的方式sqlSessionFactory的Bean会关联代理数据源,
SpringDataJpa的方式使用entityManagerFactory来关联代理数据源,否则读写分离是假的,这个可以通过主从库数据不同查询可以知道!
/**
* Description:要特别注意,这个Bean是配置读写分离成败的关键,
*
* @param []
* @return org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-15 下午5:08
*/
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
vendorAdapter.setDatabase(Database.MYSQL);
//是否生成表
vendorAdapter.setGenerateDdl(true);
//是否显示sql语句
vendorAdapter.setShowSql(true);
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
//配置扫描的位置
factory.setPackagesToScan(FrmsApplication.class.getPackage().getName());
// 这个数据源设置为代理的数据源,----这是关键性配置!!!
factory.setDataSource(proxy);
return factory;
}
6.自定义的路由数据源及事务管理器的子类:
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
/**
* Description: 抽象数据源的路由的子类
* Created at:2018-07-15 13:37,
* by dbdu
*/
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
public class MyAbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
/**
* Description:读库的数量,可以用来实现负载均衡
*/
private int readSize;
//private AtomicLong count = new AtomicLong(0);
/**
* 这是AbstractRoutingDataSource类中的一个抽象方法,
* 而它的返回值是你所要用的数据源dataSource的key值,有了这个key值,
* targetDataSources就从中取出对应的DataSource,如果找不到,就用配置默认的数据源。
*/
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
String typeKey = DataSourceContextHolder.getReadOrWrite();
if (typeKey == null || typeKey.equals(DataSourceType.write.getType())) {
System.err.println("使用数据库write.............");
return DataSourceType.write.getType();
} else {
//读库, 简单负载均衡
// int number = count.getAndAdd(1);
// int lookupKey = number % readSize;
// System.err.println("使用数据库read-" + (lookupKey + 1));
// return DataSourceType.read.getType() + (lookupKey + 1);
return DataSourceType.read.getType() + "1";
}
}
}
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionStatus;
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Slf4j
public class MyJpaTransactionManager extends JpaTransactionManager {
@Override
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
if (definition.isReadOnly()) {
DataSourceContextHolder.setRead();
} else {
DataSourceContextHolder.setWrite();
}
log.info("jpa-transaction:begin-----now dataSource is [" + DataSourceContextHolder.getReadOrWrite() + "]");
super.doBegin(transaction, definition);
}
@Override
protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
log.info("jpa-transaction:commit-----now dataSource is [" + DataSourceContextHolder.getReadOrWrite() + "]");
super.doCommit(status);
}
}
说明:如果方法命名不符合规则,也没有加注解,则typeKey会有可能为null,下面的逻辑是
typeKey为空使用写库!---也就是主库。
/**
* 这是AbstractRoutingDataSource类中的一个抽象方法,
* 而它的返回值是你所要用的数据源dataSource的key值,有了这个key值,
* targetDataSources就从中取出对应的DataSource,如果找不到,就用配置默认的数据源。
*/
@Override
protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
String typeKey = DataSourceContextHolder.getReadOrWrite();
if (typeKey == null || typeKey.equals(DataSourceType.write.getType())) {
System.err.println("使用数据库write.............");
return DataSourceType.write.getType();
} else {
//读库, 简单负载均衡
// int number = count.getAndAdd(1);
// int lookupKey = number % readSize;
// System.err.println("使用数据库read-" + (lookupKey + 1));
// return DataSourceType.read.getType() + (lookupKey + 1);
return DataSourceType.read.getType() + "1";
}
}
7.读写数据源的注解,非必需,有则可以更加灵活:
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* Description:读数据源的注解
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:21
*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface ReadDataSource {
}
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
/**
* Description:写数据源的注解
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:21
*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface WriteDataSource {
}
8.配置service切面,来切换不同的数据源:
package com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
import org.springframework.core.PriorityOrdered;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* Description:在service层决定数据源
* 必须在事务AOP之前执行,所以实现Ordered,order的值越小,越先执行
* 如果一旦开始切换到写库,则之后的读都会走写库;
* 方法名符合切入点规则或加上读写注解都可以使用对应的数据库!!
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-14 上午8:32
*/
@Aspect
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(exposeProxy = true, proxyTargetClass = true)
@Component
public class DataSourceAopInService implements PriorityOrdered {
@Before("execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.find*(..)) "
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.get*(..)) "
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.query*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.list*(..))"
+ " or @annotation(com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource.ReadDataSource) "
)
public void setReadDataSourceType() {
//如果已经开启写事务了,那之后的所有读都从写库读
if (!DataSourceType.write.getType().equals(DataSourceContextHolder.getReadOrWrite())) {
DataSourceContextHolder.setRead();
}
}
@Before("execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.insert*(..)) "
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.add*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.save*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.create*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.update*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.mod*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.delete*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.del*(..))"
+ " or execution(* com.ddbin.frms.service..*.truncate*(..))"
+ " or @annotation(com.ddbin.frms.config.datasource.WriteDataSource) "
)
public void setWriteDataSourceType() {
DataSourceContextHolder.setWrite();
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
/**
* 值越小,越优先执行
* 要优于事务的执行
* 在启动类中加上了@EnableTransactionManagement(order = 10)
*/
return 1;
}
}
说明:
A.如果方法的命名符合切入点的规则,则自动设定使用需要的数据源;
B.如果不符合A 的方法命名规则,使用注解也一样。
C.如果方法命名不符合A 的规则也没有对应的注解 ,则默认使用主库!
特别注意:
一定不要对从库或说read库进行写操作,这样做的后果是,轻者导致数据不一致(主库到从库的单向同步),重者导致从库同步失败,主库的更改不会同步到从库!
因此,写库注解可以加到service的任意方法上,因为是操作主库,但是读库注解不能加到写的方法上!
9.测试用类:读者自己去写就好了。
/**
* Description:这个方法用来测试 方法名不符合规范及注解不同是什么效果!!
* 方法名不符合规则也没有注解,默认走主库!
*
* @author dbdu
* @date 18-7-15 下午5:45
*/
@ReadDataSource
@Override
public Page pageByName(String userName, Pageable page) {
Page page1 = employeeRepository.findByName(userName, page);
return page1;
}
参考地址:
A.https://blog.csdn.net/dream_broken/article/details/72851329 https://github.com/269941633/spring-boot-mybatis-mysql-write-read ----主要参考这篇文章!!
B.https://blog.csdn.net/u011493599/article/details/53930394
C.https://www.cnblogs.com/pier2/p/spring-boot-read-write-split.html
D.https://www.jianshu.com/p/8813ec02926a
E.https://my.oschina.net/wxdl/blog/1628007
F.http://blog.51cto.com/13645072/2090313
datajpa:
https://blog.csdn.net/hangge111/article/details/51605558
https://blog.csdn.net/ba5189tsl/article/details/47341425
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean创建的方法:
http://www.javased.com/index.php?api=org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean