HttpServletBean把普通的Servlet包装成Spring的bean，这样可以将init-param的值作为bean的属性注入。
FrameworkServlet完成了Spring的容器(WebApplicationContext)的初始化工作，关键方法是initWebApplicationContext()方法，并放到Servlet对象之中。
2. 初始化组件
用户没有配置组件时，将使用预定义的值。这里以HandlerMappings为例，其它组件的初始化类似：
// 初始化
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerMappings = null;
if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
Map matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList(matchingBeans.values());
OrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings); // 排序
}
}
else {
try {
HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class); // 从上下文中获取名称为handlerMapping的映射处理器
this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
}
}
// 确保至少有一个映射处理器
// 如果没有其它的映射处理器，预定义的（从DispatcherServlet.properties读取）将被实例化。
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No HandlerMappings found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
}
}
}
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";
static {
// 从属性文件加载默认组件实现。
// 内部的实现，不意味着被外部修改。
try {
ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load 'DispatcherServlet.properties': " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
protected List getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class strategyInterface) {
String key = strategyInterface.getName();
String value = defaultStrategies.getProperty(key);
if (value != null) {
String[] classNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(value);
List strategies = new ArrayList(classNames.length);
for (String className : classNames) {
try {
Class clazz = ClassUtils.forName(className, DispatcherServlet.class.getClassLoader());
Object strategy = createDefaultStrategy(context, clazz);
strategies.add((T) strategy);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new BeanInitializationException(
"Could not find DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" + className +
"] for interface [" + key + "]", ex);
}
catch (LinkageError err) {
throw new BeanInitializationException(
"Error loading DispatcherServlet's default strategy class [" + className +
"] for interface [" + key + "]: problem with class file or dependent class", err);
}
}
return strategies;
}
else {
return new LinkedList();
}
}
protected T getDefaultStrategy(ApplicationContext context, Class strategyInterface) {
List strategies = getDefaultStrategies(context, strategyInterface);
if (strategies.size() != 1) {
throw new BeanInitializationException(
"DispatcherServlet needs exactly 1 strategy for interface [" + strategyInterface.getName() + "]");
}
return strategies.get(0);
}
3. 处理请求
请求到达，容器调用DispatcherServlet的service()方法，最终会调用doDispatcher()方法：
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
int interceptorIndex = -1;
try {
ModelAndView mv;
boolean errorView = false;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); // 检查是否multipart的请求
// 找到匹配当前请求的映射处理器。
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest, false);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// 找到匹配的处理适配器。
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 如果处理器支持，处理last-modified头.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String requestUri = urlPathHelper.getRequestUri(request);
logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + requestUri + "] is: " + lastModified);
}
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
} // 如果是GET请求且资源自上次修改时间起未被修改
}
// 调用已注册拦截器的preHandle方法。
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = mappedHandler.getInterceptors();
if (interceptors != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
if (!interceptor.preHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler())) { // 调用preHandle失败
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null); // 进行完成后的处理操作
return;
}
interceptorIndex = i; // 记录调用成功的拦截器的索引。
}
}
// 调用处理器的方法。
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
// 如果视图没有指定，根据请求生成默认视图
if (mv != null && !mv.hasView()) {
mv.setViewName(getDefaultViewName(request));
}
// 逆序调用已注册拦截器的postHandle方法。
if (interceptors != null) {
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
interceptor.postHandle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler(), mv);
}
}
}
catch (ModelAndViewDefiningException ex) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", ex);
mv = ex.getModelAndView();
}
catch (Exception ex) {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
mv = processHandlerException(processedRequest, response, handler, ex);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
// 处理器返回视图？
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, processedRequest, response); // 使用数据渲染视图
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Null ModelAndView returned to DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() +
"': assuming HandlerAdapter completed request handling");
}
}
// 从调用成功拦截器的索引开始，逆序调用完成后的处理。
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, null);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// 异常，手动调用完成后的处理。
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (Error err) {
ServletException ex = new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err);
// 错误，手动调用完成后的处理。
triggerAfterCompletion(mappedHandler, interceptorIndex, processedRequest, response, ex);
throw ex;
}
finally {
// 清理被multipart请求占用的资源。
if (processedRequest != request) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
附：DispatcherServlet.properties
# Default implementation classes for DispatcherServlet's strategy interfaces. # Used as fallback when no matching beans are found in the DispatcherServlet context. # Not meant to be customized by application developers. org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\ org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager
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