Linux oracle10g 静默安装

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检查Linux系统配置（内存、硬盘）神马的就不说 ，一般都是满足的，除非是哥们你用自己电脑搞着玩。。。

 

安装oracle 10g 数据库   1、 下载oracle文件到/root目录并解压 cd /root wget –c http://nadmin.haott.com/oracle_linux32.zip (此处我的安装包在另一台服务器上，故需下载到被安装的服务器) unzip ./oracle_linux32.zip（解压）   2、 参数设置 OS参数要求vi /etc/sysctl.conf , 在行末添加以下内容 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.shmmni = 4096 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=262144 运行sysctl -p应用以上参数, /sbin/sysctl -p ，结果如下：

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 行末添加以下内容: #use for oracle oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536   vi /etc/pam.d/login 行末添加以下内容 session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so 注意：如果你的操作系统是x64的则为session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so 否则系统拒绝登录   vi /etc/selinux/config 确保以下内容，关闭SELIINUX SELINUX=disabled   如果是c shell，则环境变量文件 /etc/csh.login的修改值如下（此处若不确定，跳过）: if ( \$USER == "oracle" ) then limit maxproc 16384 limit descriptors 65536 umask 022 endif   在/etc/profile里添加如下行 vi /etc/profile export LIBXCB_ALLOW_SLOPPY_LOCK=true if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi umask 022 fi 使用命令source profile使环境变量生效 source /etc/profile   3、 创建用户及组 groupadd oinstall groupadd dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracle   4、 创建目录 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01 chmod -R 755 /u01   5、 创建oracle profile文件 su – oracle vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 用oracle用户编辑加入以下内容 #Oracle Settings umask 022; export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_SID=TSH1; export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 source .bash_profile 然后再设置本地字符集型export LANG=en_US.UTF-8   6、 安装依赖包 （此处选择在线安装，因为某个包可能会依赖其它几个包） 以root用户运行 su root cd /etc/yum.repos.d wget http://www.linuxidc.com/files/2011/05/06/CentOS-Base.repo 通过yum在线安装 yum -y install openmotif yum -y install compat-db yum -y install compat-gcc-34 yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33 yum -y install compat-libstdc++-296 yum -y install sysstat yum -y install libXp libaio yum -y install libaio-devel yum -y install compat-libgcc* yum -y install compat-gcc* --skip-broken yum -y install libXp yum -y install libXtst   7、 修改vi /etc/redhat-release文件，如下： Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 4)   8、 配置inittab vi /etc/inittab 把 id:5:initdefault: 修改为 id:3:initdefault 注意：改为3是没有图形化界面的 5是有的   9、配置静态ip （此步可选择跳过，我安装时没有执行） linux系统在安装时若无更改，系统的网络默认为DHCP，若想将IP设置为静态的IP该怎么办呢？如安装 Oracle时，就被要求配置静态IP（Oracle吃内存，吃硬盘容量，需要一堆rpm包支持，IP也是那么的挑剔，苦哇~）。 今天在自己的笔记本上对RedHat Linux进行了上网配置，一切还算顺利。原来在Linux下配置网络也挺简单的。 步骤如下： 配置文件位于： /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 ROOTPROTO=static HWADDR=00:0C:29:A3:2C:FB ONBOOT=yes NETMASK=255.255.255.0 -- redhat linux 子网掩码 IPADDR=192.168.0.6 -- redhat linux 的IP地址 GATEWAY=192.168.0.1 -- redhat linux的默认网关跟windows主机的默认网关是一致的 TYPE=Ethernet USERCTL=no IPV6INIT=no PEERDNS=yes 将上面的IPADDR和GATEWAY换成自己的就可以了。也可以设置MAC的逻辑地址（地址欺骗），在上面的配置文件中加一行 HWADDR=你想填的MAC地址。 最后运行两个命令使新的设置生效 /sbin/ifdown ifcfg-eth0 /sbin/ifup ifcfg-eth0   还需配置DNS的主机名为 localhost.localdomain 主DNS解析域名为：202.96.209.5 第二DNS为：202.96.209.133 DNS 搜寻路径：ocaldomain 不然在安装的过程中同样会报checking network configuration requirements is: Not executed的错误提示 还需修改 vi /etc/hosts 文件 在安装oracle 10g的过程中，遇到了checking network configuration requirements is: Not executed的错误提示。发现是 /etc/hosts中没有指定静态ip地址导致，检测/etc/hosts发现果真如此，修改如下配置 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost #::1 192.168.18.192 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6 ---192.168.18.192是linux redhat 的ip地址不是windows ip 地址 重新检测，显示正常 需要将虚拟机连接方式设置为：桥接，而不是NAT,Host-only 的连接方式，不然也不能上网   10、 配置enterprise.rsp文件 mv /root/database /home/oracle/ chown –R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/database vi /home/oracle/database/response/enterprise.rsp 修改以下值 RESPONSEFILE_VERSION=2.2.1.0.0 UNIX_GROUP_NAME="oinstall" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="OraDb10g_home1" ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" SHOW_INSTALL_PROGRESS_PAGE= true SHOW_END_OF_INSTALL_MSGS= true COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"zh_CN"} s_nameForDBAGrp= "dba" s_nameForOPERGrp="dba" INSTALL_TYPE="EE" n_configurationOption=3 RESTART_SYSTEM=false RESTART_REMOTE_SYSTEM=false 说明：这几项要视情况而定比如说 UNIX_GROUP_NAME="oinstall" 和s_nameForDBAGrp= "dba" s_nameForOPERGrp="dba"还有环境变量都要参照前面自己定义好的来   11、正式安装 su - oracle /home/oracle/database/runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/enterprise.rsp Installation in progress (Mon Sep 21 23:37:00 CST 2009) ............................................................... 18% Done. ............................................................... 36% Done. ............................................................... 54% Done. ............................................................... 72% Done. ................ 76% Done. Install successful Linking in progress (Mon Sep 21 23:39:49 CST 2009) Link successful Setup in progress (Mon Sep 21 23:43:11 CST 2009) .............. 100% Done. Setup successful End of install phases.(Mon Sep 21 23:43:20 CST 2009) WARNING:A new inventory has been created in this session. However, it has not yet been registered as the central inventory of this system. To register the new inventory please run the script '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh' with root privileges. If you do not register the inventory, you may not be able to update or patch the products you installed. The following configuration scripts /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh need to be executed as root for configuring the system. If you skip the execution of the configuration tools, the configuration will not be complete and the product wont function properly. In order to get the product to function properly, you will be required to execute the scripts and the configuration tools after exiting the OUI. The installation of Oracle Database 10g was successful. （恭喜你成功了如果没这个提示就看看他说的日志继续修改下ok） Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2009-09-21_11-36-22PM.log' for more details.   12、接下来按提示操作， root身份登录 su root sh /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh sh /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh   13、安装网络监听器 vi /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp 修改以下值: INSTALL_TYPE=""custom"" #安装的类型 LISTENER_NUMBER=1 #监听器数量 LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"} #监听器的名称列表 LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"} # 监听器使用的通讯协议列表 LISTENER_START=""LISTENER"" # 监听器启动的名称   su - oracle $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp 注意：此处可能会有错误 oracle 需要的软件包不全。 请根据 1 中列出的软件包，确保所有的软件包都已经正确安装（ 2 ） 6 中对 gennttab 文件的修改不正确，本人就是没有去掉 n 后的空格导致了该错误。 如下报的缺少libXtst包 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/jdk/jre/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXtst.so.6: cannot open shared object file: 用yum下载安装即可解决 [root@oraclebk ~]# yum install libXp   14、修改 dbstart vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle 改为： ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME 确保数据库启动时，网络监听器同时启动。   15、增加数据实例 vi /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp 根据数据库建立方式的不同编辑不同的数据库库选项。 比如在本次安装过程中设置了下列参数：( 注意下面参数视情况而定啦不要照抄该选项原文件都有说明的) RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "10.0.0" OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" GDBNAME = "orcl" # 数据库全局名称 SID = "TSH1" #这个sid 必须要和前面的/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件中的sid相同 # 注意：一定要注意上面两个变量设置的两个值是不同的，但大多数情况下设置是相同的，相同值我没有测试，感兴趣的可以试一下（相同值会更容易理解） TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt" SYSPASSWORD = "system" # SYS 用户的初始密码 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "system" #SYSTEM 用户的初始密码 DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata/" RECOVERYAREADESTINATION="/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area" STORAGETYPE=FS CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" #数据库字符集（中文为 ZHS16GBK ） MEMORYPERCENTAGE = "40" SCRIPTDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora10g/scripts" EMCONFIGURATION=”LOCAL” SYSMANPASSWORD = "system" DBSNMPPASSWORD = "system"   su – oracle $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp 执行结果： Creating and starting Oracle instance 1% complete 4% complete Creating database files 8% complete Creating data dictionary views 9% complete 10% complete 12% complete 13% complete 14% complete 15% complete 17% complete 18% complete 20% complete 21% complete Adding Oracle JVM 22% complete 28% complete 34% complete 40% complete 42% complete Adding Oracle Data Mining 43% complete 44% complete 46% complete Adding Oracle Text 47% complete 49% complete 50% complete Adding Oracle XML DB 52% complete 53% complete 54% complete 58% complete Adding Oracle Intermedia 59% complete 60% complete 71% complete Adding Oracle OLAP 72% complete 73% complete 74% complete 75% complete Adding Oracle Spatial 76% complete 77% complete 78% complete 83% complete Adding Enterprise Manager Repository 84% complete 86% complete 88% complete Completing Database Creation 89% complete 90% complete 91% complete 95% complete 99% complete 100% complete Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details. 最后提示创建成功后 数据库创建成功后需要修改一些信息： vi /etc/oratab THS1:/ u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N 改为： TSH1:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:Y 保证数据库实例能自动启动。   16、创建数据库和监听器自启动的服务 su - root cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/ touch oradbstart vi oradbstart 脚本内容如下： #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 345 99 10 # description: Startup Script for Oracle Databases # /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=TSH1 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH case "$1" in start) su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart touch /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; stop) echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: " su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut rm -f /var/lock/oracle echo "OK" ;; *) echo "Usage: 'basename $0' start|stop" exit 1 esac exit 0   17、修改数据脚本的权限 su - root chown oracle.oinstall /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart chmod 775 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oradbstart   18、把oradbstart 服务添加到 chkconfig 中（此处可不执行） chkconfig --add oradbstart chkconfig --list oradbstart   19、启动数据库实例 su - oracle $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart   20、测试： su - oracle sqlplus /nolog SQL> connect /as sysdba SQL> startup 测试成功。   21、修改两个配置文件（此处比较重要，如果不改，可能在本地用plsql远程连接数据库连接失败） 修改tnsnames.ora文件 vi /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = AY1311041658000357deZ)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) ) EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = HOSTNAME)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = PLSExtProc) ) ) 改为： ORCL = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 115.29.147.229)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) ) )   EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 115.29.147.229)(PORT = 1521)) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = PLSExtProc) ) ) 注：标红部分请替换实际ip   修改listener.ora文件 SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = AY1311041658000357deZ)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0)) ) ) 改为： SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1) (SID_NAME = TSH1) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST=115.29.147.229)(PORT = 1521)) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0)) ) ) 注：标红部分为修改部分，请替换实际ip   22、重启oracle su – oracle -bash-3.2$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Dec 7 15:44:19 2013 SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> quit -bash-3.2$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop -bash-3.2$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start -bash-3.2$ sqlplus "/as sysdba" SQL> startup open SQL> quit   完成。   截止到上面其实oracle安装已经完成，下面代码就是创建表空间、用户、数据库导入了，基于完整性，一并贴出来。   23、用系统用户创建表空间、用户等 su - oracle sqlplus “/as sysdba” #创建表空间 create TEMPORARY TABLESPACE AFINITOR_TEMP TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/AFINITOR_TEMP.ORA' SIZE 32M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE 2048M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL; #创建临时表空间 create TABLESPACE AFINITOR LOGGING DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/AFINITOR.DBF' SIZE 32M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE 2048M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL; #创建用户 create user afinitor identified by afinitor default tablespace AFINITOR temporary tablespace AFINITOR_TEMP; #给用户授权 grant resource,connect,EXP_FULL_DATABASE,IMP_FULL_DATABASE,CREATE SESSION to afinitor; grant dba to afinitor; #授权导入导出 GRANT CREATE USER,DROP USER,ALTER USER ,CREATE ANY VIEW ,DROP ANY VIEW,EXP_FULL_DATABASE,IMP_FULL_DATABASE,DBA,CONNECT,RESOURCE,CREATE SESSION TO afinitor;   24、数据导入 cd /home wget –c http://nadmin.haott.com/afinitor_db.dmp （此处是在另一服务器下载所需要的数据库dmp文件） su – oracle imp afinitor/afinitor@orcl file=/home/afinitor_data_20131206.dmp full=y ignore=y #导入命令