ELK日志分析系统之Kibana7.x最新版安装与配置

3、Kibana的简介

Kibana 让您能够自由地选择如何呈现自己的数据。Kibana 核心产品搭载了一批经典功能：柱状图、线状图、饼图、旭日图等等。

3.1、软件包下载地址：https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/kibana

3.1.1 软件包tar压缩包，解压到/application目录中，并创建链接文件。

ln -s /application/kibana-7.3.2-linux-x86_64 /application/kibana

3.2、配置Kibana服务的配置文件/application/kibana/config/kibana.yml

# Kibana is served by a back end server. This setting specifies the port to use.
server.port: 5601   #kibana端口

# Specifies the address to which the Kibana server will bind. IP addresses and host names are both valid values.
# The default is 'localhost', which usually means remote machines will not be able to connect.
# To allow connections from remote users, set this parameter to a non-loopback address.
server.host: "10.0.0.169"    #绑定的主机IP地址

# Enables you to specify a path to mount Kibana at if you are running behind a proxy.
# Use the `server.rewriteBasePath` setting to tell Kibana if it should remove the basePath
# from requests it receives, and to prevent a deprecation warning at startup.
# This setting cannot end in a slash.
#server.basePath: ""

# Specifies whether Kibana should rewrite requests that are prefixed with
# `server.basePath` or require that they are rewritten by your reverse proxy.
# This setting was effectively always `false` before Kibana 6.3 and will
# default to `true` starting in Kibana 7.0.
#server.rewriteBasePath: false

# The maximum payload size in bytes for incoming server requests.
#server.maxPayloadBytes: 1048576

# The Kibana server's name.  This is used for display purposes.
#server.name: "your-hostname"

# The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://10.0.0.169:9200"]      #elasticsearch的主机IP

# When this setting's value is true Kibana uses the hostname specified in the server.host
# setting. When the value of this setting is false, Kibana uses the hostname of the host
# that connects to this Kibana instance.
#elasticsearch.preserveHost: true

# Kibana uses an index in Elasticsearch to store saved searches, visualizations and
# dashboards. Kibana creates a new index if the index doesn't already exist.
kibana.index: ".kibana"     #开启此选项

# The default application to load.
#kibana.defaultAppId: "home"

# If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
#elasticsearch.username: "kibana"
#elasticsearch.password: "pass"

# Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
#server.ssl.enabled: false
#server.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/server.crt
#server.ssl.key: /path/to/your/server.key

# Optional settings that provide the paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and key files.
# These files validate that your Elasticsearch backend uses the same key files.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key

# Optional setting that enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "/path/to/your/CA.pem" ]

# To disregard the validity of SSL certificates, change this setting's value to 'none'.
#elasticsearch.ssl.verificationMode: full

# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch to respond to pings. Defaults to the value of
# the elasticsearch.requestTimeout setting.
#elasticsearch.pingTimeout: 1500

# Time in milliseconds to wait for responses from the back end or Elasticsearch. This value
# must be a positive integer.
#elasticsearch.requestTimeout: 30000

# List of Kibana client-side headers to send to Elasticsearch. To send *no* client-side
# headers, set this value to [] (an empty list).
#elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist: [ authorization ]

# Header names and values that are sent to Elasticsearch. Any custom headers cannot be overwritten
# by client-side headers, regardless of the elasticsearch.requestHeadersWhitelist configuration.
#elasticsearch.customHeaders: {}

# Time in milliseconds for Elasticsearch to wait for responses from shards. Set to 0 to disable.
#elasticsearch.shardTimeout: 30000

# Time in milliseconds to wait for Elasticsearch at Kibana startup before retrying.
#elasticsearch.startupTimeout: 5000

# Logs queries sent to Elasticsearch. Requires logging.verbose set to true.
#elasticsearch.logQueries: false

# Specifies the path where Kibana creates the process ID file.
#pid.file: /var/run/kibana.pid

# Enables you specify a file where Kibana stores log output.
#logging.dest: stdout

# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output.
#logging.silent: false

# Set the value of this setting to true to suppress all logging output other than error messages.
#logging.quiet: false

# Set the value of this setting to true to log all events, including system usage information
# and all requests.
#logging.verbose: false

# Set the interval in milliseconds to sample system and process performance
# metrics. Minimum is 100ms. Defaults to 5000.
#ops.interval: 5000

# Specifies locale to be used for all localizable strings, dates and number formats.
# Supported languages are the following: English - en , by default , Chinese - zh-CN . 
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"     #kibana默认文字是英文，变更成中文

3.3、启动kibana

如果使用root用户启动服务，后面必须加--allow-root选项。

[root@harlan_ansible ~]# /application/kibana/bin/kibana --allow-root

3.4、通过浏览器访问地址：http://10.0.0.169:5601

 

由上述可知，kibana服务安装和配置成功。

3.5、通过访问kibana浏览器，我们可以直接在需要收集日志的主机上安装Beats软件，不需要安装Logstash软件包。

通过配置Beats服务的配置文件，来收集不同服务的日志。

3.5.1、例收集本机的系统日志文件

1

下载并安装 Filebeat

 curl -L -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-7.3.2-x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -vi filebeat-7.3.2-x86_64.rpm

 

步骤 2

编辑配置

修改 /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml 以设置连接信息：

output.elasticsearch:
  hosts: [""]
  username: "elastic"
  password: ""
setup.kibana:
  host: "" 

其中， 是 elastic 用户的密码， 是 Elasticsearch 的 URL， 是 Kibana 的 URL。

步骤 3

启用和配置 system 模块

sudo filebeat modules enable system

在 /etc/filebeat/modules.d/system.yml 文件中修改设置。

 

步骤 4

启动 Filebeat

setup 命令加载 Kibana 仪表板。如果仪表板已设置，请省略此命令。

sudo filebeat setup
sudo service filebeat start

 

未完成步骤 

模块状态

确认已从 Filebeat system 模块成功收到数据 

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完成所有步骤后，您便可以随时浏览自己的数据。

 3.6、在kibana服务中，可以根据收集不同的日志，在不同的主机上安装rpm包。具体详情如下：