一、git、github、gitlab的区别
Git是版本控制系统，Github是在线的基于Git的代码托管服务。
GitHub是2008年由Ruby on Rails编写而成。GitHub同时提供付费账户和免费账户。这两种账户都可以创建公开的代码仓库，只有付费账户可以创建私有的代码仓库。
Gitlab解决了这个问题, 可以在上面创建免费的私人repo。
二、gitlab server搭建过程
[root@vm1 ~]# yum install -y curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie policycoreutils-python
//10.x以后开始依赖policycoreutils-python
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl start postfix
[root@vm1 ~]# systemctl enable postfixgitlab的下载地址：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/
安装gitlab：
[root@vm1 ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-10.7.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: gitlab-ce-10.7.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:gitlab-ce-10.7.2-ce.0.el7 ################################# [100%]
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
*. *.
*** ***
***** *****
.****** *******
******** ********
,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
.,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
.,,,***,,,,
,*,.
_______ __ __ __
/ ____(_) /_/ / ____ _/ /_
/ / __/ / __/ / / __ `/ __ \
/ /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
\____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
[root@vm1 ~]#gitlab的配置文件 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb， 编辑如下：
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
[root@vm1 ~]# grep "^external_url" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://192.168.60.119' 绑定监听的域名或IP（企业中最好是域名)
[root@vm1 ~]# 使用gitlab-ctl reconfigure 自动配置，并安装数据库，初始化信息，如下所示(第一次使用配置时间较长)：
[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure <生成 /var/opt/gitlab/ 各种子配置, 该命令建议仅在初始化时使用一次>
.....注: 第一次初始化后会产生当前gitlab的配置文件 /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/gitlab.yml ，在后期维护的过程中尽量配置 /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/gitlab.yml 文件，然后gitlab-ctl restart 即可生效新的配置；如果没有必要不建议做第二次初始化。
使用gitlab-ctl start 启动gitlab服务，如下所示：
[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 22896) 2922s
ok: run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 22914) 2921s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 22882) 2922s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 22517) 2987s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 22500) 2993s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 22584) 2974s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 22946) 2919s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 22250) 3047s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 22931) 2920s
ok: run: redis: (pid 22190) 3053s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 22732) 2962s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 22472) 3005s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 22433) 3011s
[root@vm1 ~]#
[root@vm1 ~]# lsof -i:80
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 22500 root 7u IPv4 50923 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
nginx 22501 gitlab-www 7u IPv4 50923 0t0 TCP *:http (LISTEN)
[root@vm1 ~]# 修改配置文件，添加smtp邮件功能
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
[root@vm1 ~]# grep -P "^[^#].*smtp_|user_email|gitlab_email" /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = '[email protected]'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'Admin'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_reply_to'] = '[email protected]'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_subject_suffix'] = '[gitlab]'
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 25
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "[email protected]"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "password"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "domain.cn"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = false
user['git_user_email'] = "[email protected]"
[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
......
[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl stop
ok: down: gitaly: 0s, normally up
ok: down: gitlab-monitor: 1s, normally up
ok: down: gitlab-workhorse: 0s, normally up
ok: down: logrotate: 1s, normally up
ok: down: nginx: 0s, normally up
ok: down: node-exporter: 1s, normally up
ok: down: postgres-exporter: 0s, normally up
ok: down: postgresql: 0s, normally up
ok: down: prometheus: 0s, normally up
ok: down: redis: 0s, normally up
ok: down: redis-exporter: 1s, normally up
ok: down: sidekiq: 0s, normally up
ok: down: unicorn: 1s, normally up
[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 37603) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 37613) 0s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 37625) 0s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 37631) 0s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 37639) 1s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 37644) 0s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 37648) 1s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 37652) 0s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 37660) 1s
ok: run: redis: (pid 37668) 0s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 37746) 0s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 37750) 1s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 37757) 0s使用gitlab-rails console命令进行发送邮件测试，如下所示：
[root@vm1 ~]# gitlab-rails console
Loading production environment (Rails 4.2.10)
irb(main):001:0> Notify.test_email('[email protected]', 'Message Subject', 'Message Body').deliver_now
Notify#test_email: processed outbound mail in 2219.5ms
Sent mail to [email protected] (2469.5ms)
Date: Fri, 04 May 2018 15:50:10 +0800
From: Admin
Reply-To: Admin
To: [email protected]
Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Subject: Message Subject
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/html;
charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Auto-Submitted: auto-generated
X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All
Message Body
=> #, >, >, , >, , , , , , >
irb(main):002:0>quit
[root@vm1 ~]# 三、gitlab的使用
在浏览器中输入 http://192.168.60.119/ ，然后 change password: ，并使用root用户登录 即可 (后续动作根据提示操作)
修改密码也可以：gitlab-rails console production
irb(main):001:0> user = User.where(id: 1).first // id为1的是超级管理员
irb(main):002:0>user.password = 'yourpassword' // 密码必须至少8个字符
irb(main):003:0>user.save! // 如没有问题 返回true
exit // 退出
如果需要手工修改nginx的port ，可以在gitlab.rb中设置 nginx['listen_port'] = 8000 ，然后再次 gitlab-ctl reconfigure即可
登录gitlab 如下所示：
创建 group ，组名为plat-sp ,如下所示: 
去掉用户的自动注册功能：
admin are -> settings -> Sign-up Restrictions 去掉钩钩，然后拉到最下面保存，重新登录
创建用户Tompson如下所示：
同样的方法，再创建Eric 、Hellen 用户。用户添加完毕后，gitlab会给用户发一封修改密码的邮件，各用户需要登录自己的邮箱，并点击相关的链接，设置新密码。
将用户添加到组中，并指定Tompson为本组的owner：
同样的方法将用户Eric、Hellen也添加到组中，并指定他们为Developer：
使用Tompson用户的身份与密码登录到gitlab界面中，并创建Project ，如下所示：
指定项目的存储路径和项目名称，如下所示
为项目创建Dev分支，如下所示：
在 client 上添加Tompson的用户：
[root@vm2 ~]# useradd Tompson
[root@vm2 ~]# useradd Eric
[root@vm2 ~]# useradd Hellen
[root@vm2 ~]# su - Tompson
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ ssh-keygen -C [email protected]
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/Tompson/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/Tompson/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/Tompson/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/Tompson/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:SAoAH2zSxqEJqVgKKrxM5XMi6tKe61JMRdwMhwBNIrE [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|XX==o=. |
|*BOo+.o |
|E*=. . |
|*+.= + . |
|=oo = . S |
|.oo |
|.o |
|o... |
|.+=. |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDZ8cRGHej+sZzlmK36W5MUXMLOGdTwFI9Jj44mGuabZCrlYW4GDpL6ppezN+Sur0wHtnKonYJzm8ntqS0S0UHyaPPQPl9Mrs/6Z4VrXZ/4RlqHdWeSrmOwCBQld0l8HvrmP4TyGHrOreO8uZqimd/Z+OiMqnYRZzENX11Pti/Px5g1MtJcoCi9uLtF42QYrt1X/fzAyPU9C5/5ZUq4Jln3EF20bzcA52oAzZIl0jrhI0TeTeW6zYq+KxdHGshL+qG7+Ne+akPOe4Ma5BQjcMZ2dQ2kbGuozXmLT8RDcj9YRKceQsUdTI71lJpwrWKGn8Vhra0EaK3hgoTuvMYaGfOF [email protected]将Tompson的公钥复制到gitlab中： 使用Tompson用户的身份与密码登录到gitlab界面中，然后在ssh-key中添加 相关的key ，如下所示：
为Tompson用户配置git ，如下所示：
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.name "Tompson"
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ git clone [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
Cloning into 'chathall'...
The authenticity of host '192.168.60.119 (192.168.60.119)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:CDxAQmj6gUkIxB6XUofbZ853GuPM5LS2QO4a5dD7jRo.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4e:20:72:a7:46:c6:d7:5d:bb:9d:ce:c3:f3:da:43:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.60.119' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 3, done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$
[Tompson@vm2 ~]$ cd chathall/
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ ls
Readme.txt
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$创建一下新文件，添加内容，并提交到master分支:
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ vim test.sh
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ cat test.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "gitlab test"
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ git add .
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ git commit -m '201805101649'
[master 80edf6b] 201805101649
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 test.sh
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 4, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 305 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
4611654..80edf6b master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
[Tompson@vm2 chathall]$ 使用Eric用户登录，并clone 项目，如下所示：
[root@vm2 ~]# su - Eric
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ ssh-keygen -C [email protected]
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/Eric/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/Eric/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/Eric/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/Eric/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:VZaJvjA5SJZEB+yuRpDBNHCECCZ5R8X0DYcNE0f1B6E [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|*O=..B*o**+o+oo. |
|*.+.. *o.*oooo . |
| . + + ..oo E . .|
| o o =.. . |
| . . S+ . |
| . . . |
| . . |
| o |
| . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDxQcn4UjRW/5PT5witeV9+S2w8WK5ouawHxEF7s9wuWsT4pqhcu5BN74NG3CPaq1jJZnkV+aQsTw+60BAd1gOK0FBbKWxmohmE61n9vfpUT5igJ72t2jpXjfKwLIHw+Iq5yM4yUhkwSsoBuZkxYSEltnj8OvXaOlCDYnXuGBa9+xO8f5yVIcOtiwRvv+Y1PRRzSIcazPVZax9FLK26t1R4NPiY4xWkIJyK2OrKMeiaBBzyMfWzHdmsCWa51oSrYSmz3PDBXpzIBs3OdKxcaJs9Lc5u87YCV5RMUjLrPcA7nPK6crOabLXhz3d5GSYggMTOByQkyKOo7WlYpARCHOt/ [email protected]
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ 同样需要使用Eric用户登录gitlab web 界面，并添加相应的ssh-key。然后设置git ，并clone项目：
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ git config --global user.name "Eric"
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ git clone [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
Cloning into 'chathall'...
The authenticity of host '192.168.60.119 (192.168.60.119)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:CDxAQmj6gUkIxB6XUofbZ853GuPM5LS2QO4a5dD7jRo.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:4e:20:72:a7:46:c6:d7:5d:bb:9d:ce:c3:f3:da:43:f9.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
remote: Counting objects: 6, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (6/6), done.
[Eric@vm2 ~]$ 切换到dev分支，修改文件内容，并将新code提交到dev分支(Developer角色默认并没有提交master的权限)：
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git checkout dev
Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ ls
Readme.txt test.sh
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ vim test.sh
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ cat test.sh
#!/bin/bash
echo "gitlab test"
echo "brahch test"
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git add .
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git commit -m '201805101658'
[dev 6687039] 201805101658
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git push -u origin dev
Counting objects: 5, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 306 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: To create a merge request for dev, visit:
remote: http://192.168.60.119/plat-sp/chathall/merge_requests/new?merge_request%5Bsource_branch%5D=dev
remote:
To [email protected]:plat-sp/chathall.git
80edf6b..6687039 dev -> dev
Branch dev set up to track remote branch dev from origin.
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$ git branch
dev
* master
[Eric@vm2 chathall]$使用Eric 用户登录gitlab web，在界面中 创建一个合并请求：
提×××并请求：
然后使用Tompson用户登录 gitlab web ，找到“合并请求” ，然后将dev分支合并到master分支，如下所示：
大部分公司的处理流程如下：
PM在gitlab创建任务，分配给开发人员
开发人员领取任务后，在本地使用git clone拉取代码库
开发人员创建开发分支（git checkout -b dev），并进行开发
开发人员完成之后，提交到本地仓库（git commit ）
开发人员在gitlab界面上申请分支合并请求（Merge request）
PM在gitlab上查看提交和代码修改情况，确认无误后，确认将开发人员的分支合并到主分支（master）
开发人员在gitlab上Mark done确认开发完成，并关闭issue。这一步在提×××并请求时可以通过描述中填写"close #1"等字样，可以直接关闭issue