编译安装Nginx
1、安装常见的工具和库(GCC、PCRE、zlib、OpenSSL)
Nginx是一个由C语言编写的，所以需要一个编译工具如GNU的GCC
[root@www ~]# yum install gcc
或：
[root@www ~]# apt-get install gcc
Nginx的Rewrite模块和HTTP核心模块会使用到PCRE正则表达式语法
[root@www ~]# yum install pcre pcre-devel
或
[root@www ~]# apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
Nginx的各种模块中需要使用gzip压缩
[root@www ~]# yum install zlib zlib-devel
[root@www ~]# apt-get install zliblg zliblg-dev
OpenSSL提供安全网页，使用SSL/TLS安全套接字
[root@www ~]# yum install openssl openssl-devel
[root@www ~]# apt-get install openssl openssl-dev2、编译安装的选项
[root@www nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure --help
--help print this message
--prefix=PATH set installation prefix //指定安装路径
--sbin-path=PATH set nginx binary pathname //二进制文件安装路径
--modules-path=PATH set modules path
--conf-path=PATH set nginx.conf pathname
--error-log-path=PATH set error log pathname
--pid-path=PATH set nginx.pid pathname
--lock-path=PATH set nginx.lock pathname
--user=USER set nworker processes
--group=GROUP set non-privileged group for worker processes
--build=NAME set build name
--builddir=DIR set build directory
--with-select_module enable select module
--without-select_module disable select module
--with-poll_module enable poll module
--without-poll_module disable poll module
--with-threads enable thread pool support
--with-file-aio enable file AIO support
--with-http_ssl_module enable ngx_http_ssl_module //用于支持HTTPS
--with-http_v2_module enable ngx_http_v2_module
--with-http_realip_module enable ngx_http_realip_module
--with-http_addition_module enable ngx_http_addition_module
--with-http_xslt_module enable ngx_http_xslt_module
--with-http_xslt_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_xslt_module
--with-http_image_filter_module enable ngx_http_image_filter_module
--with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_image_filter_module
--with-http_geoip_module enable ngx_http_geoip_module
--with-http_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_geoip_module
--with-http_sub_module enable ngx_http_sub_module
--with-http_dav_module enable ngx_http_dav_module
--with-http_flv_module enable ngx_http_flv_module
--with-http_mp4_module enable ngx_http_mp4_module
--with-http_gunzip_module enable ngx_http_gunzip_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module enable ngx_http_gzip_static_module //开启gzip静态模块，用于发送预压缩的文件
--with-http_auth_request_module enable ngx_http_auth_request_module
--with-http_random_index_module enable ngx_http_random_index_module
--with-http_secure_link_module enable ngx_http_secure_link_module
--with-http_degradation_module enable ngx_http_degradation_module
--with-http_slice_module enable ngx_http_slice_module
--with-http_stub_status_module enable ngx_http_stub_status_module
--without-http_charset_module disable ngx_http_charset_module
--without-http_gzip_module disable ngx_http_gzip_module
--without-http_ssi_module disable ngx_http_ssi_module
--without-http_userid_module disable ngx_http_userid_module
--without-http_access_module disable ngx_http_access_module
--without-http_auth_basic_module disable ngx_http_auth_basic_module
--without-http_mirror_module disable ngx_http_mirror_module
--without-http_autoindex_module disable ngx_http_autoindex_module
--without-http_geo_module disable ngx_http_geo_module
--without-http_map_module disable ngx_http_map_module
--without-http_split_clients_module disable ngx_http_split_clients_module
--without-http_referer_module disable ngx_http_referer_module
--without-http_rewrite_module disable ngx_http_rewrite_module //重写模块默认开启
--without-http_proxy_module disable ngx_http_proxy_module //代理模块默认开启
--without-http_fastcgi_module disable ngx_http_fastcgi_module //配合FastCGI进程工作
--without-http_uwsgi_module disable ngx_http_uwsgi_module
--without-http_scgi_module disable ngx_http_scgi_module
--without-http_grpc_module disable ngx_http_grpc_module
--without-http_memcached_module disable ngx_http_memcached_module //缓存模块
--without-http_limit_conn_module disable ngx_http_limit_conn_module
--without-http_limit_req_module disable ngx_http_limit_req_module
--without-http_empty_gif_module disable ngx_http_empty_gif_module
--without-http_browser_module disable ngx_http_browser_module
--without-http_upstream_hash_module disable ngx_http_upstream_hash_module
--without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module disable ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module
--without-http_upstream_least_conn_module disable ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module
--without-http_upstream_keepalive_module disable ngx_http_upstream_keepalive_module
--without-http_upstream_zone_module disable ngx_http_upstream_zone_module
--with-http_perl_module enable ngx_http_perl_module
--with-http_perl_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_http_perl_module
--with-perl_modules_path=PATH set Perl modules path
--with-perl=PATH set perl binary pathname
--http-log-path=PATH set http access log pathname
--http-client-body-temp-path=PATH set path to store http client request body temporary files
--http-proxy-temp-path=PATH set path to store http proxy temporary files
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store http fastcgi temporary files
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store http uwsgi temporary files
--http-scgi-temp-path=PATH set path to store http scgi temporary files
--without-http disable HTTP server
--without-http-cache disable HTTP cache
--with-mail enable POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
--with-mail=dynamic enable dynamic POP3/IMAP4/SMTP proxy module
--with-mail_ssl_module enable ngx_mail_ssl_module
--without-mail_pop3_module disable ngx_mail_pop3_module
--without-mail_imap_module disable ngx_mail_imap_module
--without-mail_smtp_module disable ngx_mail_smtp_module
--with-stream enable TCP/UDP proxy module
--with-stream=dynamic enable dynamic TCP/UDP proxy module
--with-stream_ssl_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_module
--with-stream_realip_module enable ngx_stream_realip_module
--with-stream_geoip_module enable ngx_stream_geoip_module
--with-stream_geoip_module=dynamic enable dynamic ngx_stream_geoip_module
--with-stream_ssl_preread_module enable ngx_stream_ssl_preread_module
--without-stream_limit_conn_module disable ngx_stream_limit_conn_module
--without-stream_access_module disable ngx_stream_access_module
--without-stream_geo_module disable ngx_stream_geo_module
--without-stream_map_module disable ngx_stream_map_module
--without-stream_split_clients_module disable ngx_stream_split_clients_module
--without-stream_return_module disable ngx_stream_return_module
--without-stream_upstream_hash_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_hash_module
--without-stream_upstream_least_conn_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_least_conn_module
--without-stream_upstream_zone_module disable ngx_stream_upstream_zone_module
--with-google_perftools_module enable ngx_google_perftools_module
--with-cpp_test_module enable ngx_cpp_test_module
--add-module=PATH enable external module
--add-dynamic-module=PATH enable dynamic external module
--with-compat dynamic modules compatibility
--with-cc=PATH set C compiler pathname
--with-cpp=PATH set C preprocessor pathname
--with-cc-opt=OPTIONS set additional C compiler options
--with-ld-opt=OPTIONS set additional linker options
--with-cpu-opt=CPU build for the specified CPU, valid values:
pentium, pentiumpro, pentium3, pentium4,
athlon, opteron, sparc32, sparc64, ppc64
--without-pcre disable PCRE library usage
--with-pcre force PCRE library usage
--with-pcre=DIR set path to PCRE library sources
--with-pcre-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for PCRE
--with-pcre-jit build PCRE with JIT compilation support
--with-zlib=DIR set path to zlib library sources
--with-zlib-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for zlib
--with-zlib-asm=CPU use zlib assembler sources optimized for the specified CPU, valid values: pentium, pentiumpro
--with-libatomic force libatomic_ops library usage
--with-libatomic=DIR set path to libatomic_ops library sources
--with-openssl=DIR set path to OpenSSL library sources
--with-openssl-opt=OPTIONS set additional build options for OpenSSL
--with-debug enable debug logging3、编译安装
[root@www nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.14.0 \
> --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
[root@www nginx-1.14.0]# make && make install4、控制Nginx服务
启动
[root@www sbin]# /usr/local/nginx-1.14.0/sbin/nginx
[root@www sbin]# ps -aux |grep nginx
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 9699 0.0 0.1 46860 1192 ? Ss 21:52 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx-1.14.0/sbin/nginx
nginx 9700 0.0 0.1 47292 1772 ? S 21:52 0:00 nginx: worker process
存在两个进程：
1、master进程
2、工作进程
[root@www sbin]# netstat -lntup |grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9699/nginx
Nginx监听tcp80端口
停止守护进程
nginx -s stop //立即停止守护进程（TERM信号）
nginx -s quit //温和地停止守护进程（QUIT信号）
nginx -s reopen //重新打开日志文件
nginx -s reload //重新载入配置文件
使用kill 或 killall命令
nginx -t //测试配置文件
nginx -t -c file //使用额外的配置文件测试