1 Atlas是360的一套基于MySQL-Proxy基础之上的代理，修改了MySQL-Proxy的一些BUG，并优化了性能。
官方介绍：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/blob/master/README_ZH.md
官方下载： https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases
本次使用的 mysql一主两从+atlas（mysql使用percona5.7）进行读写分离环境部署测试。先配置mysql的一主两从，然后安装配置atlas。
参考文章：
https://www.cnblogs.com/405845829qq/p/7873140.html
https://blog.51cto.com/11243465/2178786
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2 环境准备
机器四台 ，系统centos7.2，2核2G，最小化安装
mysql主 192.168.0.201
mysql从 192.168.0.202
mysql从 192.168.0.203
Atlas 192.168.0.204
设置好网络和防火墙 网络需要能访问外网，
下面关闭防火墙
setenforce 0
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
设置yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum install vim unzip lrzsz wget net-tools -y
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum -y install epel-release
先卸载系统自带的mariadb数据库 （）
yum -y remove mariadb*
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3 安装Percona-Server-server-57 （三台机器201,202,203）
执行yum安装命令
yum install https://repo.percona.com/yum/percona-release-latest.noarch.rpm
yum install Percona-Server-server-57
安装后的版本是5.7.26-29（5.7系列的最新版本）
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4 配置三台数据库
server_id三台数据库要设置成不同的
主数据库配置（201）
[root@localhost ]# vim /etc/my.cnf 增加下面配置 [client] default_character_set = utf8mb4 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql pid_file = /var/run/mysqld/mysql.pid character_set_server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp federated skip-name-resolve gtid-mode = ON enforce-gtid-consistency = ON log-slave-updates = ON innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100 innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G innodb_read_io_threads = 24 innodb_write_io_threads = 24 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 innodb_page_cleaners=8 innodb_lru_scan_depth=256 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 sql_mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION group_concat_max_len = 18446744073709551615 key_buffer_size = 128M myisam_recover_options = FORCE,BACKUP lower_case_table_names=1 event_scheduler=1 max_allowed_packet = 128M max_connect_errors = 1000000 skip_name_resolve = 1 server_id = 201 log_bin = mysql-bin binlog_format = ROW sync_binlog = 1 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M max_connections = 1000 thread_cache_size = 50 open_files_limit = 65535 table_definition_cache = 4096 table_open_cache = 5000 log_error = /var/log/mysqld.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 0 slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 1 slow_query_log_file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log relay_log = relay-bin slave_net_timeout = 60 symbolic-links = 0 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED [mysql] no-auto-rehash default_character_set = utf8mb4 [xtrabackup] default-character-set = utf8mb4
从数据库配置（202）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 添加如下配置 [client] default_character_set = utf8mb4 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql pid_file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid character_set_server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp federated skip-name-resolve gtid-mode = ON enforce-gtid-consistency = ON log-slave-updates = ON slave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY" innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100 innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G innodb_read_io_threads = 24 innodb_write_io_threads = 24 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 innodb_page_cleaners=4 innodb_lru_scan_depth=256 innodb_buffer_pool_instances=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 sql_mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION group_concat_max_len = 18446744073709551615 key_buffer_size = 128M myisam_recover_options = FORCE,BACKUP lower_case_table_names=1 event_scheduler=1 slave_pending_jobs_size_max = 128M max_allowed_packet = 128M max_connect_errors = 1000000 skip_name_resolve = 1 slave-skip-errors=1007,1008,1032,1062 server_id = 202 log_bin = mysql-bin binlog_format = ROW sync_binlog = 1 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M max_connections = 1000 thread_cache_size = 50 open_files_limit = 65535 table_definition_cache = 4096 table_open_cache = 5000 log_error = /var/log/mysqld.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 0 slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 1 slow_query_log_file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log relay_log = relay-bin slave_net_timeout = 60 symbolic-links = 0 slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK slave-parallel-workers=16 master_info_repository=TABLE relay_log_info_repository=TABLE relay_log_recovery=ON [mysql] no-auto-rehash default_character_set = utf8mb4 [xtrabackup] default-character-set = utf8mb4
从数据库配置（203）
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 添加如下配置 [client] default_character_set = utf8mb4 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port=3306 socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql pid_file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid character_set_server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = InnoDB explicit_defaults_for_timestamp federated skip-name-resolve gtid-mode = ON enforce-gtid-consistency = ON log-slave-updates = ON slave_type_conversions="ALL_NON_LOSSY" innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100 innodb_log_file_size = 256M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G innodb_read_io_threads = 24 innodb_write_io_threads = 24 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1 innodb_page_cleaners=4 innodb_lru_scan_depth=256 innodb_buffer_pool_instances=2 innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog = 1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 sql_mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION group_concat_max_len = 18446744073709551615 key_buffer_size = 128M myisam_recover_options = FORCE,BACKUP lower_case_table_names=1 event_scheduler=1 slave_pending_jobs_size_max = 128M max_allowed_packet = 128M max_connect_errors = 1000000 skip_name_resolve = 1 slave-skip-errors=1007,1008,1032,1062 server_id = 203 log_bin = mysql-bin binlog_format = ROW sync_binlog = 1 tmp_table_size = 32M max_heap_table_size = 32M max_connections = 1000 thread_cache_size = 50 open_files_limit = 65535 table_definition_cache = 4096 table_open_cache = 5000 log_error = /var/log/mysqld.log log_queries_not_using_indexes = 0 slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 1 slow_query_log_file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-slow.log relay_log = relay-bin slave_net_timeout = 60 symbolic-links = 0 slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK slave-parallel-workers=16 master_info_repository=TABLE relay_log_info_repository=TABLE relay_log_recovery=ON [mysql] no-auto-rehash default_character_set = utf8mb4 [xtrabackup] default-character-set = utf8mb4
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5 初始化三台机器的数据库
修改完配置后 初始化数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
启动数据库
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
查看数据库进程
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql mysql 12089 1 13 12:08 ? 00:00:02 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid root 12174 11932 0 12:08 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
查询初始化密码
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log 2019-07-11T04:07:31.642390Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: eF(pg?&wr9,v
修改root密码为Pass_123
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Pass_123';
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: eF(pg?&wr9,v mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Pass_123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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6 配置主从同步
在主机器上创建同步账号
在主数据库机器上创建同步账号repl:123456 同时授权root用户给% [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pPass_123 mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by "Pass_123"; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to repl@'%' identified by "123456"; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create user 'repl'@'192.168.0.202' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> create user 'repl'@'192.168.0.203' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.0.202'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.0.203'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit
查看主库状态 （用于从库设置同步参数）
mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000002 | 1632 | | | 6766c88d-a391-11e9-a0b0-000c2960d4ff:1-7 | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在两个slave上执行配置主从
mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.0.201', -> master_user='repl', -> master_password='123456', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', -> master_log_pos=1632; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec) 启动slave mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.0.201 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1632 Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes ##必须是yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ##必须是yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB:
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7 测试主从同步是否正常，主库上创建库和表，看从库是否同步成功
在主库上：：： mysql> create database yan; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> create database lili; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database masu; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use yan Database changed mysql> create table tom (id int not null,name varchar(100)not null ,age tinyint); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> insert tom (id,name,age) values(1,'zhangshan',20),(2,'wangwu',7),(3,'lisi',23); Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.08 sec) Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from tom; +----+-----------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+------+ | 1 | zhangshan | 20 | | 2 | wangwu | 7 | | 3 | lisi | 23 | +----+-----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 在从库上查询验证 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lili | | masu | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | yan | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> use yan Database changed mysql> select * from tom; +----+-----------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+-----------+------+ | 1 | zhangshan | 20 | | 2 | wangwu | 7 | | 3 | lisi | 23 | +----+-----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 两台slave均同步成功
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8 使用Atlas实现读写分离
到204上安装Atlas
安装依赖 （204机器不能安装数据库yum remove Percona-Server*）
yum -y install libevent glib2 lua gcc gcc-c++ autoconf mysql-devel libtool pkgconfig ncurses ncurses-devel libevent-devel
下载Atlas包
wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
安装atlas
yum install Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm -y
安装后查看软件包内容
[root@localhost home]# ll /usr/local/mysql-proxy/ 总用量 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 71 7月 11 13:33 bin drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 21 7月 11 13:33 conf drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 7月 11 13:33 lib drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 12月 17 2014 log [root@localhost home]# ll /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/ 总用量 44 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9696 12月 17 2014 encrypt -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 23564 12月 17 2014 mysql-proxy -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1552 12月 17 2014 mysql-proxyd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 12月 17 2014 VERSION [root@localhost home]# ll /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/ 总用量 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 12月 17 2014 test.cnf bin目录下放的都是可执行文件 “encrypt”是用来生成MySQL密码加密的，在配置的时候会用到 “mysql-proxy”是MySQL自己的读写分离代理 “mysql-proxyd”是360弄出来的，后面有个“d”，服务的启动、重启、停止。都是用他来执行的 conf目录下放的是配置文件 “test.cnf”只有一个文件，用来配置代理的，可以使用vim来编辑 lib目录下放的是一些包，以及Atlas的依赖 log目录下放的是日志，如报错等错误信息的记录
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9 配置启动 Atlas
***使用encrypt来对需要代理的数据库的密码进行加密,配置文件里要用，
账号：repl,密码：123456 账号：root,密码：Pass_123
[root@localhost home]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123456
/iZxz+0GRoA=
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt Pass_123
oIqxCTi4FY8a8s/oWZlMvQ==
那么配置文件中pwds 一项可以设置为 pwds = repl:/iZxz+0GRoA= 或者pwds = root：oIqxCTi4FY8a8s/oWZlMvQ==
配置文件：
vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf [mysql-proxy] admin-username = user admin-password = pwd proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.0.201:3306 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.0.202:3306@1,192.168.0.203:3306@1 pwds = repl:/iZxz+0GRoA= daemon = true keepalive = true event-threads = 8 log-level = message log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234 admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345 charset = utf8
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配置文件参数解读：
[mysql-proxy] #带#号的为非必需的配置项目 #管理接口的用户名 admin-username = user #管理接口的密码 admin-password = pwd #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.0.201:3306 #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.0.202:3306@1,192.168.0.203:3306@1 #用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！ pwds = repl:/iZxz+0GRoA= #设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。 daemon = true #设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行 时设为true,true后面不能有空格。 keepalive = true #工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置 event-threads = 8 #日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别 log-level = message #日志存放的路径 log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log #SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF #sql-log = OFF #慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时，则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow（单位：ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。 #sql-log-slow = 10 #实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分 #instance = test #Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口 proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234 #Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口 admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345 #分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项 #tables = person.mt.id.3 #默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句 charset = utf8 #允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连接 #client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1 #Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置 #lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
启动atlas
/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
[root@localhost ]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
安装数据库（为了使用mysql命令）
yum install mysql-server mysql -y ##安装后不可启动
登陆proxy查看，使用proxy管理接口2345 管理账户 user：pwd
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P2345 -uuser -ppwd
[root@localhost ]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P2345 -uuser -ppwd MySQL [(none)]> select * from help; +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | command | description | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ | SELECT * FROM help | shows this help | | SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state | | SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id | | SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... | | ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... | | ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... | | REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... | | SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients | | ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... | | REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... | | SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds | | ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... | | ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... | | REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... | | SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file | | SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas | +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+ 16 rows in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]>
使用数据库工作接口1234来访问 mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P1234 -urepl -p123456
MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lili | | masu | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | yan | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
使用代理机器，在代理上访问数据库正常
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10 验证查询 读的分发负载
在salve机器上，用下面命令查询访问量 show global status like 'Question%'; mysql202 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 100 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql203 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 100 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 该命令每执行一次，量加1， 当两个机器都调到相等时候比如100， 去proxy机器执行一次 show databases;查询， 然后回到salve机器执行查看，步长为2的即为访问的机器） proxy机器上使用工作接口来访问 mysql -h127.0.0.1 -P1234 -urepl -p123456 MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lili | | masu | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | yan | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]> 202机器上： mysql202 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 101 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 203机器上 mysql203 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 102 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 上面查询结果说明访问的是203机器 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 然后将202机器调整到102访问量（再执行一次 show global status like 'Question%';） mysql202 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 102 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 接着去proxy机器执行一次show databases;查询， MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lili | | masu | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | yan | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]> 然后回到salve机器执行查看show global status like 'Question%'; mysql202 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 104 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql203 > show global status like 'Question%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | Questions | 103 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) 说明这次访问的是202机器，读分发成功正常。
到此atlas 实现了读写分离和读负载均衡，更过内容可以参考atlas和Percona 官网学习。