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Netty中使用MessagePack时的TCP粘包问题与解决方案
通过下面的实例代码来演示在Netty中使用MessagPack时会出现的TCP粘包问题,为了学习的连贯性,参考了《Netty权威指南》第7章中的代码,但是需要注意的是,书中并没有提供完整代码,提供的代码都是片段性的,所以我根据自己的理解把服务端的代码和客户端的代码写了出来,可以作为参考。
仍然需要注意的是,我使用的是Netty 4.x的版本。
另外我在程序代码中写了非常详细的注释,所以这里不再进行更多的说明。
在使用MessagePack时的TCP粘包问题
编码器与×××
MsgpackEncoder.java
package cn.xpleaf.msgpack;
import org.msgpack.MessagePack;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
/**
* MsgpackEncoder继承自Netty中的MessageToByteEncoder类,
* 并重写抽象方法encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ByteBuf out)
* 它负责将Object类型的POJO对象编码为byte数组,然后写入到ByteBuf中
* @author yeyonghao
*
*/
public class MsgpackEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder
MsgpackDecoder.java
package cn.xpleaf.msgpack;
import java.util.List;
import org.msgpack.MessagePack;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageDecoder;
/**
* MsgpackDecoder继承自Netty中的MessageToMessageDecoder类,
* 并重写抽象方法decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg, List
服务端
EchoServer.java
package cn.xpleaf.echo;
import cn.demo.simple.MsgPackDecode;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackDecoder;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackEncoder;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
public class EchoServer {
public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 添加MesspagePack×××
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack decoder", new MsgPackDecode());
// 添加MessagePack编码器
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack encoder", new MsgpackEncoder());
// 添加业务处理handler
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
});
// 绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
// 等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if(args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(port);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
new EchoServer().bind(port);
}
}
EchoServerHandler.java
package cn.xpleaf.echo;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Server receive the msgpack message : " + msg);
ctx.write(msg);
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
// 发生异常,关闭链路
ctx.close();
}
}
客户端
EchoClient.java
package cn.xpleaf.echo;
import cn.demo.simple.MsgPackDecode;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackDecoder;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackEncoder;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
public class EchoClient {
public void connect(String host, int port, int sendNumber) throws Exception {
// 配置客户端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
// 设置TCP连接超时时间
.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 3000)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 添加MesspagePack×××
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack decoder", new MsgPackDecode());
// 添加MessagePack编码器
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack encoder", new MsgpackEncoder());
// 添加业务处理handler
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler(sendNumber));
}
});
// 发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
// 等待客户端链路关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if(args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(port);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
int sendNumber = 1000;
new EchoClient().connect("localhost", port, sendNumber);
}
}
EchoClientHander.java
package cn.xpleaf.echo;
import cn.xpleaf.pojo.User;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
public class EchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
// sendNumber为写入发送缓冲区的对象数量
private int sendNumber;
public EchoClientHandler(int sendNumber) {
this.sendNumber = sendNumber;
}
/**
* 构建长度为userNum的User对象数组
* @param userNum
* @return
*/
private User[] getUserArray(int userNum) {
User[] users = new User[userNum];
User user = null;
for(int i = 0; i < userNum; i++) {
user = new User();
user.setName("ABCDEFG --->" + i);
user.setAge(i);
users[i] = user;
}
return users;
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
User[] users = getUserArray(sendNumber);
for (User user : users) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(user);
}
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Client receive the msgpack message : " + msg);
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
ctx.close();
}
}
POJO
User.java
package cn.xpleaf.pojo;
import org.msgpack.annotation.Message;
@Message
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
测试
当EchoClient.java中的sendNumber
为1时,服务端和客户端都是正常工作的,此时,服务端和客户端的输出分别如下:
服务端:
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->0",0]
客户端:
Client receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->0",0]
但是当sendNumber
数字很大时,就不能正常工作了,比如可以设置为1000,此时输出结果如下:
服务端:
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->0",0]
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->1",1]
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->3",3]
...省略输出...
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->146",146]
Server receive the msgpack message : 70
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->156",156]
Server receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->157",157]
...省略输出...
客户端:
Client receive the msgpack message : ["ABCDEFG --->0",0]
Client receive the msgpack message : 62
Client receive the msgpack message : 68
显然运行结果跟预期的不太一样,这是因为出现了TCP粘包问题。
粘包问题解决方案
在前面代码的基础上,只需要对EchoServer.java
和EchoClient.java
中的代码进行修改即可。
EchoServer.java
package cn.xpleaf.echo02;
import cn.demo.simple.MsgPackDecode;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackDecoder;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackEncoder;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
public class EchoServer {
public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
// 配置服务端的NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 添加长度字段×××
// 在MessagePack×××之前增加LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder,用于处理半包消息
// 它会解析消息头部的长度字段信息,这样后面的MsgpackDecoder接收到的永远是整包消息
ch.pipeline().addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(65535, 0, 2, 0, 2));
// 添加MesspagePack×××
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack decoder", new MsgPackDecode());
// 添加长度字段编码器
// 在MessagePack编码器之前增加LengthFieldPrepender,它将在ByteBuf之前增加2个字节的消息长度字段
ch.pipeline().addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(2));
// 添加MessagePack编码器
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack encoder", new MsgpackEncoder());
// 添加业务处理handler
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandler());
}
});
// 绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
// 等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放线程池资源
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if(args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(port);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
}
new EchoServer().bind(port);
}
}
EchoClient.java
package cn.xpleaf.echo02;
import cn.demo.simple.MsgPackDecode;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackDecoder;
import cn.xpleaf.msgpack.MsgpackEncoder;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldPrepender;
public class EchoClient {
public void connect(String host, int port, int sendNumber) throws Exception {
// 配置客户端NIO线程组
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
// 设置TCP连接超时时间
.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 3000)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 添加长度字段×××
// 在MessagePack×××之前增加LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder,用于处理半包消息
// 它会解析消息头部的长度字段信息,这样后面的MsgpackDecoder接收到的永远是整包消息
ch.pipeline().addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(65535, 0, 2, 0, 2));
// 添加MesspagePack×××
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack decoder", new MsgPackDecode());
// 添加长度字段编码器
// 在MessagePack编码器之前增加LengthFieldPrepender,它将在ByteBuf之前增加2个字节的消息长度字段
ch.pipeline().addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(2));
// 添加MessagePack编码器
ch.pipeline().addLast("msgpack encoder", new MsgpackEncoder());
// 添加业务处理handler
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler(sendNumber));
}
});
// 发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture f = b.connect(host, port).sync();
// 等待客户端链路关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
if(args != null && args.length > 0) {
try {
port = Integer.valueOf(port);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// 采用默认值
}
}
int sendNumber = 1000;
new EchoClient().connect("localhost", port, sendNumber);
}
}
测试
可以将EchoClient.java
中sendNumber
设置为1000或更大,此时服务端和客户端的输出结果跟预期的都是一样的。
测试结果为,服务端和客户端都会打印1000行的信息(假设sendNumber为1000),这里不再给出运行结果。