SQL按字段分组取最大(小)值记录(重复记录)

SQL Server 按某一字段分组 取 最大 (小)值所在行的数据 
-- 按某一字段分组 取 最大 (小)值所在行的数据 
-- (爱新觉罗.毓华(十八年风雨,守得冰山雪莲花开) 2007-10-23于浙江杭州) 
/* 
数据如下:
name val memo
a    2   a2(a的第二个值)
a    1   a1--a的第一个值
a    3   a3:a的第三个值
b    1   b1--b的第一个值
b    3   b3:b的第三个值
b    2   b2b2b2b2
b    4   b4b4
b    5   b5b5b5b5b5
*/ 
-- 创建表并插入数据: 
create table tb(name varchar ( 10 ),val int ,memo varchar ( 20 ))
insert into tb values ( ' a ' ,    2 ,   ' a2(a的第二个值) ' )
insert into tb values ( ' a ' ,    1 ,   ' a1--a的第一个值 ' )
insert into tb values ( ' a ' ,    3 ,   ' a3:a的第三个值 ' )
insert into tb values ( ' b ' ,    1 ,   ' b1--b的第一个值 ' )
insert into tb values ( ' b ' ,    3 ,   ' b3:b的第三个值 ' )
insert into tb values ( ' b ' ,    2 ,   ' b2b2b2b2 ' )
insert into tb values ( ' b ' ,    4 ,   ' b4b4 ' )
insert into tb values ( ' b ' ,    5 ,   ' b5b5b5b5b5 ' )
go 

-- 一、按name分组 取 val最大 的值所在行的数据。 
-- 方法1: 
select a. * from tb a where val = ( select max (val) from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
-- 方法2: 
select a. * from tb a where not exists ( select 1 from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val)
-- 方法3: 
select a. * from tb a,( select name, max (val) val from tb group by name) b where a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
-- 方法4: 
select a. * from tb a inner join ( select name , max (val) val from tb group by name) b on a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
-- 方法5 
select a. * from tb a where 1 > ( select count ( * ) from tb where name = a.name and val > a.val ) order by a.name
/* 
name       val         memo                 
---------- ----------- -------------------- 
a          3           a3:a的第三个值
b          5           b5b5b5b5b5
*/ 

-- 二、按name分组 取 val最小的值所在行的数据。 
-- 方法1: 
select a. * from tb a where val = ( select min (val) from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
-- 方法2: 
select a. * from tb a where not exists ( select 1 from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val)
-- 方法3: 
select a. * from tb a,( select name, min (val) val from tb group by name) b where a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
-- 方法4: 
select a. * from tb a inner join ( select name , min (val) val from tb group by name) b on a.name = b.name and a.val = b.val order by a.name
-- 方法5 
select a. * from tb a where 1 > ( select count ( * ) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val) order by a.name
/* 
name       val         memo                 
---------- ----------- -------------------- 
a          1           a1--a的第一个值
b          1           b1--b的第一个值
*/ 

-- 三、按name分组 取 第一次出现的行所在的数据。 
select a. * from tb a where val = ( select top 1 val from tb where name = a.name) order by a.name
/* 
name       val         memo                 
---------- ----------- -------------------- 
a          2           a2(a的第二个值)
b          1           b1--b的第一个值
*/ 

-- 四、按name分组 随机取 一条数据。 
select a. * from tb a where val = ( select top 1 val from tb where name = a.name order by newid ()) order by a.name
/* 
name       val         memo                 
---------- ----------- -------------------- 
a          1           a1--a的第一个值
b          5           b5b5b5b5b5
*/ 

-- 五、按name分组 取 最小的两个(N个)val 
select a. * from tb a where 2 > ( select count ( * ) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val ) order by a.name,a.val
select a. * from tb a where val in ( select top 2 val from tb where name = a.name order by val) order by a.name,a.val
select a. * from tb a where exists ( select count ( * ) from tb where name = a.name and val < a.val having Count ( * ) < 2 ) order by a.name
/* 
name       val         memo                 
---------- ----------- -------------------- 
a          1           a1--a的第一个值
a          2           a2(a的第二个值)
b          1           b1--b的第一个值
b          2           b2b2b2b2
*/ 

 

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