面向对象--进阶

一 . isinstance(obj,cls)和issubclass(sub,super)

isinstance(obj,cls)检查是否obj是否是类 cls 的对象

 class Foo(object):
     pass
  
 obj = Foo()
  
 isinstance(obj, Foo)

issubclass(sub, super)检查sub类是否是 super 类的派生类

class Foo(object):
    pass
 
class Bar(Foo):
    pass
 
issubclass(Bar, Foo)

二 . 内置方法str

class Foo:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __str__(self):
        return '' % (self.name, self.age)


obj = Foo('HGQ', 20)
print(obj)

三 . 反射

反射机制详解

1 . 什么是反射

反射的概念是由Smith在1982年首次提出的，主要是指程序可以访问、检测和修改它本身状态或行为的一种能力（自省）。这一概念的提出很快引发了计算机科学领域关于应用反射性的研究。它首先被程序语言的设计领域所采用,并在Lisp和面向对象方面取得了成绩。

2 python面向对象中的反射：通过字符串的形式操作对象相关的属性。python中的一切事物都是对象（都可以使用反射）

四个可以实现自省的函数:

下列方法适用于类和对象（一切皆对象，类本身也是一个对象）

hasattr(object,name)

判断object中有没有一个name字符串对应的方法或属性

getattr(object, name, default=None)

def getattr(object, name, default=None): # known special case of getattr
    """
    getattr(object, name[, default]) -> value

    Get a named attribute from an object; getattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to x.y.
    When a default argument is given, it is returned when the attribute doesn't
    exist; without it, an exception is raised in that case.
    """
    pass

getattr(object, name, default=None)

setattr(x, y, v)

def setattr(x, y, v): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    Sets the named attribute on the given object to the specified value.

    setattr(x, 'y', v) is equivalent to ``x.y = v''
    """
    pass

setattr(x, y, v)

delattr(x, y)

def delattr(x, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    Deletes the named attribute from the given object.

    delattr(x, 'y') is equivalent to ``del x.y''
    """
    pass

delattr(x, y)

四个方法的使用演示

class BlackMedium:
    feature='Ugly'
    def __init__(self,name,addr):
        self.name=name
        self.addr=addr

    def sell_house(self):
        print('%s 黑中介卖房子啦,傻逼才买呢,但是谁能证明自己不傻逼' %self.name)
    def rent_house(self):
        print('%s 黑中介租房子啦,傻逼才租呢' %self.name)

b1=BlackMedium('万成置地','回龙观天露园')

#检测是否含有某属性
print(hasattr(b1,'name'))
print(hasattr(b1,'sell_house'))

#获取属性
n=getattr(b1,'name')
print(n)
func=getattr(b1,'rent_house')
func()

# getattr(b1,'aaaaaaaa') #报错
print(getattr(b1,'aaaaaaaa','不存在啊'))

#设置属性
setattr(b1,'sb',True)
setattr(b1,'show_name',lambda self:self.name+'sb')
print(b1.__dict__)
print(b1.show_name(b1))

#删除属性
delattr(b1,'addr')
delattr(b1,'show_name')
delattr(b1,'show_name111')#不存在,则报错

print(b1.__dict__)

类也是对象

class Foo(object):
 
    staticField = "old boy"
 
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'wupeiqi'
 
    def func(self):
        return 'func'
 
    @staticmethod
    def bar():
        return 'bar'
 
print getattr(Foo, 'staticField')
print getattr(Foo, 'func')
print getattr(Foo, 'bar')