Python爬虫实战(三) — 微信文章爬虫

前言

最近烦心事挺多的,能让我得到快乐的是一行行能够运行的代码,那么今天为大家带来微信文章爬取实战。

本篇目标

  1. 根据关键词搜索微信文章,并提取文章链接
  2. 自动保存微信文章,并保存为HTML格式
  3. 实现设置提取文章数目,并提供有关交互操作

快速开始

1.确定URL链接格式

首先打开搜狗微信搜索平台,任意搜索一个感兴趣的关键词,观察网址http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=%E5%B0%8F%E7%B1%B3&ie=utf8&s_from=input&_sug_=n&_sug_type_=1&w=01015002&oq=&ri=0&sourceid=sugg&sut=0&sst0=1520605349656&lkt=0%2C0%2C0&p=40040108
这里我输入的是小米,可以观察到,链接中type字段控制检索信息类型,query字段则对应于我们的关键词,因为会自动编码,所以我看看到的是%E5...类似信息,其他内容则是无关信息,这里我们不讨论,下面点击下一页,
http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?oq=&query=%E5%B0%8F%E7%B1%B3&_sug_type_=1&sut=0&lkt=0%2C0%2C0&s_from=input&ri=0&_sug_=n&type=2&sst0=1520605349656&page=2&ie=utf8&p=40040108&dp=1&w=01015002&dr=1
观察到链接中多出了一个page字段,对应于数字2,猜测这就是页码,尝试之后,果不其然,我们的猜测是正确的,下面我们来爬取文章的具体内容

2.提取文章地址

点击F12,通过控制台,我们发现文章网址对应在,txt-box元素下,如图



由此,我们很容易的写出我们的匹配模式代码

'
.*?(http://.*?)"'

对应完整代码如下:

def getlisturl(key, pagestart, pageend):
try:
    page = pagestart
    keycode = urllib.request.quote(key)
    pagecode = urllib.request.quote("&page")
    for page in range(pagestart, pageend+1):
        url = "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=" + keycode + pagecode + str(page)
        data1 = downloader(url)
        listurlpat = '
.*?(http://.*?)"' data2 = re.compile(listurlpat, re.S) result = data2.findall(data1) listurl.append(result) #print(listurl) print("共获取到" + str(len(listurl)) + "页") return listurl except urllib.error.URLError as e: if hasattr(e, "code"): print(e.code) if hasattr(e, "reason"): print(e.reason) time.sleep(10) except Exception as e: print("exception:" + str(e)) time.sleep(1)

其中,key对应于关键词,pagestart对应于起始页码,默认为第一页,pageend对应于终止页码。

下载模块

我们需要从对应链接中下载内容,才能做到后面内容的提取,这里,下载模块我提供了两种方案,一种使用了代理服务器,一种没有使用,下面是没有使用代理服务器的代码:

def downloader(url):
headers = ("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
                         "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 "
                         "Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.702.400")
opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [headers]
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
try:
    data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read()
    data = data.decode('utf-8')
    return data
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
    if hasattr(e, "code"):
        print(e.code)
    if hasattr(e, "reason"):
        print(e.reason)
    time.sleep(10)
except Exception as e:
    print("exception:" + str(e))
    time.sleep(1)

这里使用了一些简单的伪装,以防止微信对爬虫的阻止,但这样并不安全,所以在完整代码中还提供了代理服务器模块,但是因为免费的代理服务器几乎都不能用,所以在此不多讲解。

完整代码如下

import re
import urllib.request
import time
import urllib.error

'''
def use_proxy(proxy_addr, url):
    headers = ("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
                             "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 "
                             "Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.702.400")
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
    opener.addheaders = [headers]
    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
    try:
        proxy = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http':proxy_addr})
        opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy, urllib.request.HTTPHandler)
        urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read().decode('utf-8')
        return data
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:
        if hasattr(e, "code"):
            print(e.code)
        if hasattr(e, "reason"):
            print(e.reason)
        time.sleep(10)
    except Exception as e:
        print("exception:" + str(e))
        time.sleep(1)
'''


def downloader(url):
    headers = ("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
                             "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.26 Safari/537.36 "
                             "Core/1.63.4793.400 QQBrowser/10.0.702.400")
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
    opener.addheaders = [headers]
    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
    try:
        data = urllib.request.urlopen(url).read()
        data = data.decode('utf-8')
        return data
    except urllib.error.URLError as e:
        if hasattr(e, "code"):
            print(e.code)
        if hasattr(e, "reason"):
            print(e.reason)
        time.sleep(10)
    except Exception as e:
        print("exception:" + str(e))
        time.sleep(1)


def getlisturl(key, pagestart, pageend):
    try:
        page = pagestart
        keycode = urllib.request.quote(key)
        pagecode = urllib.request.quote("&page")
        for page in range(pagestart, pageend+1):
            url = "http://weixin.sogou.com/weixin?type=2&query=" + keycode + pagecode + str(page)
            data1 = downloader(url)
            listurlpat = '
.*?(http://.*?)"' data2 = re.compile(listurlpat, re.S) result = data2.findall(data1) listurl.append(result) #print(listurl) print("共获取到" + str(len(listurl)) + "页") return listurl except urllib.error.URLError as e: if hasattr(e, "code"): print(e.code) if hasattr(e, "reason"): print(e.reason) time.sleep(10) except Exception as e: print("exception:" + str(e)) time.sleep(1) def getcontent(listurl): i = 0 html1 = ''' 微信文章页面 ''' fh = open("C://Users/59574/Desktop/python/test/WeChatSpider/1.html", "wb") fh.write(html1.encode("utf-8")) fh.close() fh = open("C://Users/59574/Desktop/python/test/WeChatSpider/1.html", "ab") for i in range(0, len(listurl)): for j in range(0, len(listurl[i])): try: url = listurl[i][j] url = url.replace("amp;", "") data = downloader(url) titlepat = "(.*?)" contentpat = 'id="js_content">(.*?)id="js_sg_bar"' title = re.compile(titlepat).findall(data) content = re.compile(contentpat, re.S).findall(data) if (title != []): thistitle = title[0] if (content != []): thiscontent = content[0] dataall = "

标题为:" + thistitle + "

内容为:" + thiscontent + "


" fh.write(dataall.encode("utf-8")) print("第"+str(i+1) + "个网页第" + str(j+1) + "条内容保存") except urllib.error.URLError as e: if hasattr(e, "code"): print(e.code) if hasattr(e, "reason"): print(e.reason) time.sleep(10) except Exception as e: print("exception:" + str(e)) time.sleep(1) fh.close() html2 = ''' ''' fh = open("C://Users/59574/Desktop/python/test/WeChatSpider/1.html", "ab") fh.write(html2.encode("utf-8")) fh.close() if __name__ == '__main__': listurl = list() key = str(input('请输入要查询的关键词:')) #proxy = "115.223.209.169:9000" pagestart = 1 pageend = int(input('请输入结束页码(每页保存10条内容)')) listurl = getlisturl(key, pagestart, pageend) getcontent(listurl)

Github版本

Github代码

运行结果

小结

开学了,事情有些多,个人的一些事情也让人难过,不过我会尽力更新,下一次我会为大家带来该代码多线程运行版本。
最后,希望大家都能尊重我的付出,转载我的文章请注明出处;
也希望大家关注我的个人博客 HD Blog

谢谢~

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